QRS: Epsilon Wrangling https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/07/07/Epsilon-Wrangling
I haven’t shipped any new features for Quamina in many months, partly due to a flow of real-life distractions, but also I’m up against tough performance problems in implementing Regular Expressions at massive scale. I’m still looking for a breakthrough, but have learned things about building and executing finite automata that I think are worth sharing. This piece has to do with epsilons; anyone who has studied finite automata will know about them already, but I’ll offer background for those people to skip
The Real GenAI Issue https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/07/06/AI-Manifesto
Last week I published a featherweight narrative about applying GenAI in a real-world context, to a tiny programming problem. Now I’m regretting that piece because I totally ignored the two central issues with AI: What it’s meant to do, and how much it really costs
My First GenAI Code https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/07/01/First-AI-Code
At the moment, we have no idea what the impact of genAI on software development is going to be. The impact of anything on coding is hard to measure systematically, so we rely on anecdata and the community’s eventual consensus. So, here’s my anecdata. Tl;dr: The AI was not useless
Qobuz and Mac https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/06/22/Qobuz-and-Others
Back in March I offered Latest Music (feat. Qobuz), describing all the ways I listen to music (Tl;dr: YouTube Music, Plex, Qobuz, record player). I stand by my opinions there but wanted to write more on two subjects: First Qobuz, because it suddenly got a lot better. And a recommendation, for people with fancy A/V setups, that you include a cheap Mac Mini
Long Links https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/06/21/Long-Links
“Wow, Tim, didn’t you do a Long Links just last month? Been spending too much time doomscrolling, have we?” Maybe. There sure are a lot of tabs jostling each other along the top of that browser. Many are hosting works that are both long and good. So here they are; you probably don’t have time for all of ’em but my hope is that one or two might reward your visit
June 2025 C2PA News https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/06/17/More-C2PA
Things are happening in the C2PA world; here are a couple of useful steps forward, plus cheers and boos for Adobe. Plus a live working C2PA demo you can try out
AI Angst https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/06/06/My-AI-Angst
My input stream is full of it: Fear and loathing and cheerleading and prognosticating on what generative AI means and whether it’s Good or Bad and what we should be doing. All the channels: Blogs and peer-reviewed papers and social-media posts and business-news stories. So there’s lots of AI angst out there, but this is mine. I think the following is a bit unique because it focuses on cost, working backward from there. As for the genAI tech itself, I guess I’m a moderate; there is a there there, it’s not all slop. But first…
Union of Finite Automata https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2024/07/28/Union-of-Finite-Automata
In building Quamina, I needed to compute the union of two finite automata (FAs). I remembered from some university course 100 years ago that this was possible in theory, so I went looking for the algorithm, but was left unhappy. The descriptions I found tended to be hyper-academic, loaded with mathematical notation that I found unhelpful, and didn’t describe an approach that I thought a reasonable programmer would reasonably take. The purpose of this ongoing entry is to present a programmer-friendly description of the problem and of the algorithm I adopted, with the hope that some future developer, facing the same problem, will have a more satisfying search experience.
[Important update: There’s a serious error halfway through; see here.]
Perfectly Different Colors https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/05/31/Colors
This considers how two modern cameras handle a difficult color challenge, illustrated by photos of a perfect rose and a piano
Comparing Numbers Badly https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/05/30/Number-Comparison-Representation
This is just a gripe about two differently bad ways to compare numbers. They share a good alternative
CL XLVI: Happy Colors https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/05/27/Happy-Colors
Last weekend we were at our cabin on Keats Island and I came away with two cottage-life pictures I wanted to write about. To write cheery stuff actually, a rare pleasure in these dark days. Both have a story but this first one’s simple
The Lens of Spring https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/05/17/Springtime-Lens
Back in the early days of this blog, I used to publish posts that were mostly pictures of plants and flowers. Especially at this time of year. I think that energy went into Twitter and now the Fediverse, where it’s so easy to take a picture and post it right then. This week I got a freshly-repaired lens back from the shop and it put me in the mood to get closer to the botanical frenzy springing at us from every direction. Herewith four pix of two plants, one of a lens, and more thoughts on a familiar subject: Whether it’s better to repair than to replace
Long Links https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/05/06/Long-Links
Another Long Links curation (the 31st!); substantial pieces of reading (or watching or listening) that you probably don’t have time to take in all of. One or two, though, might reward your attention. The usual assortmet of music, geekery, and cosmology
Censoring Social Media https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/04/28/Censoring-Social-Media
In mid-April we learned about Bluesky censoring accounts as demanded by the government of Türkiye. While I haven’t seen coverage of who the account-holders were and what they said, the action followed on protests against Turkish autocrat Erdoğan for ordering the arrest of an opposition leader — typical behavior by a thin-skinned Führer-wannabe. This essay concerns how we might think about censorship, its mechanics, and how the ecosystems built around ActivityPub and ATproto can implement and/or fight it
Southsiders https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/05/04/Southsiders
Ever been to a soccer match and noticed the “supporters section”, full of waving flags and drummers and wild enthusiasm? Last Saturday I went there. And marched in their parade, even. I could claim it was anthropology research. But maybe it’s just old guys wanna have fun. Which I did. Not sure if I will again
CL XLV: Island Spring https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/04/21/Happy-Island-Spring
Join me for a walk through a rain forest on a corner of a small island. This is to remind everyone that even in a world full of bad news, the trees are still there. From the slopes leading down to the sea they reach up for sunshine and rain, offering no objections to humans walking in the tall quiet spaces between them
Decentralizing Schemes https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/04/16/Decentralized-Schemes
I’m a fan of decentralized social media and that’s partly because I enjoy using it. But mostly because history teaches that decentralization is the best basis for sustainable, resilient online conversation. (Evidence? Email!) For the purpose of this essay, let’s assume that you agree with me. Let’s also assume that our online life is still Web-flavored. I’m going to describe a few unfortunate things that can happen in a decentralized world, then look at a basic built-in feature of the Web that might make the problems go away
Coachella 2025 https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/04/14/Coachella-2025
Last weekend I spent a few hours watching Coachella on YouTube. The audio and video quality are high. It’s free of ad clutter, but maybe that’s because I pay for Google Music? The quality of the music is all over the map. If I read the schedule correctly, they’ll repeat the exercise next weekend, so I thought a few recommendations might be helpful. Even if it’s not available live, quite a few captures still seem to be there on YouTube, so check ’em out
The CoSocialist Future https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2025/04/05/The-CoSocialist-Future
This week marks the second anniversary of the launch of the CoSocial.ca Mastodon server, which is one leg of my online presence (the other is this blog.) I’ve never been more convinced that online social interaction has to change paths and take a new direction. And I think CoSocial has lessons to teach about that direction. Here are some