I have a Brother HL-1212W. I eventually got it working some years ago. After OS upgrades to Xubuntu 22.04 it didn't work. What I describe below is the cleaned up version of what I did, there were many failed iterations before I got here. I will give an answer to this question later, saying how I solved it (Oh yes I did!).

As my network had also changed I did a fresh WPS register of the printer with my WIFI Access point. The Internet light on the printer went green - which says it's connected.

I downloaded the 'Driver install tool' from https://www.brother.co.uk/support/hl-1212w/downloads which gave me the file linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.6-0.gz, which I ungzip'ed and ran. All worked perfectly.

When it asked 'Specify dev uri' I chose cups-brf as a placeholder (that's a braille printer and I was stumbling about in the dark, frankly).

I then went to http://localhost:631/admin on the browser, clicked 'Manage printers', then HL1212W in the list, then 'Administration', then 'Modify printer' and the 'Discovered' Brother printer from the list. When I to the main page for the printer it now showed as a dnssd printer with a long id string.

I queued a test page, it showed in the printer queue on its main page, but the printer went to 'Unable to connect to printer'. I was never able to get past that point no matter what I did. Neither could I find any trace of the printer in the DHCP leases, although using a traffic tracer I did find it had a strange IP address completely outside my subnet.

My Ubuntu 25.10 only laptop has suddenly started needing over 30 minutes to boot. Looking at the logs and systemd-analyze blame it is clear that the Ubuntu OS is not the culprit, taking just seconds to boot. snap takes the longest time and I would prefer not to have to load it, but that is another issue.

It seems that my BIOS/UEFI configuration could be corrupted. I cannot boot into BIOS/UEFI using F2 as the keyboard is dead during this extended boot time, so I am considering running sudo systemctl reboot --firmware as I have been told this will cause my laptop to boot into the BIOS/UEFI on the next boot.

I have three questions:

1. Is sudo systemctl reboot --firmware the best way for me to boot into the BIOS/UEFI?
2. Is this safe? I don't want to not be able to reboot into my Ubuntu later.
3. What should I look at in the BIOS/UEFI? What could be causing a 30 minute wait before booting?

I installed lubuntu 25.10 on an old desktop today. I made sure to turn on the "Log in automatically without asking for the password" and the password was blank. It installed without complaint.

Once that was done I need to install gparted so I opened a terminal and type

sudo apt update

and it asked for a password. I hit enter and it claims that is wrong. It's not, or it should not be wrong because I left the password blank.

Is there a way to correct this?

I have a iproute2 configuration issue in Ubuntu 24.04. I’m using several ISPs, and the VLANs cannot communicate with each other. There is no routing configured on the system.

Interfaces and Gateways

• enp1s0
  IP: 172.27.0.245
  Gateway: 172.27.0.1
• enp1s0.2 (VLAN 2)
  IP: 192.168.202.245
  Gateway: 192.168.202.1
• enp1s0.40 (VLAN 40)
  IP: 172.29.0.245
  Gateway: 172.29.0.1

I need for any traffic generated in the session be routed through that interface. example: If I connect to VLAN40 172.29.245 then all traffic must go out 172.29.0.1. I found a way to do this by setting up a special user I use Policy routing o UUID. the problem is if I need to "sodo" or "su" then the user now root and therefore the IPROUTE2 rt_table no longer applies.

Is there any way within the session (maybe with an environment) to specify the IP 172.27.0.245 or enp1s0.40 as the condition to using this interface?

I have made it work with the following entries.

root@pcr-svr2:/home/vlan40# ip route list table 40
default via 172.29.0.1 dev enp1s0.40 proto static metric 10
root@pcr-svr2:/home/vlan40# ip rule list |grep VLAN40
10:     from 172.29.0.245 lookup VLAN40 proto static
25:     from all uidrange 0-42 lookup VLAN40 proto static
40:     from all uidrange 11040-11040 lookup VLAN40 proto static

root@pcr-svr2:/home/vlan40# traceroute -4 -n -m2 google.com
traceroute to google.com (74.125.136.139), 2 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  172.27.0.1  0.243 ms  0.247 ms  0.336 ms
 2  159.111.192.113  6.387 ms  6.625 ms  6.327 ms
root@pcr-svr2:/home/vlan40# exit
exit
vlan40@pcr-svr2:~$ traceroute -4 -n -m2 google.com
traceroute to google.com (74.125.136.113), 2 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  172.29.0.1  0.284 ms  0.222 ms  0.189 ms
 2  159.111.192.113  2.527 ms  2.702 ms  2.434 ms

****as you see, if I am user vlan40 I go the correct GW, but if I am root (or any other user) I use a different GW/

Using iif was suggested, but that did not help.

I was hoping maybe something could be done with an environment variable, but I had no luck. I considered using NAMESPACE, but did not have success getting anything built that would work.

The HP x2 elite gen 8 laptop was designed for Windows, and Bang & Olufsen worked on improving the sound for it. Ubuntu 25.10 is installed. Apparently, they made some changes to the design (maybe the chip; by the way, some Realtek worked with Windows 11). Currently, the sound device only works in mono mode. I'd like to fix this if possible. Is that possible?

I have an old imac (Intel) with Ubuntu 24 installed. I lost the Wifi after install. I can`t find experience with the PCI-ID combination 14e4: 43 28 (rev 5).

lspci -vnn | grep Network gives:

04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM4321 802.11a/b/g/n [14e4:4328] (rev 05)

iwconfig gives:

lo no wireless extensions.

ens5 no wireless extensions.

Ubuntu 24.04.3 runs slowly with a lot of disk activity. How can I stop this or calm it down?

I'm trying to update fw on a Dell Latitude 5500. fwupdmgr is checking for a shim in the EFI/debian folder.

What's up with that?

Obviously it's failing because I'm running Ubuntu 24.04.4.

Please accept my apologies for not immediately providing log files. If needed, please tell me what information will help.

I have configured a IpSec tunnel between the Azure VM and the AWS S2S VPN. the ipsec tunnel came up but the BGP session was not coming up with a specific cidr in the leftsubnet/rightsubnet. when in mention 0.0.0.0/0 cidr in the leftsubnet/rightsubnet of ipsec config the BGP tunnel comes up but the reachability to the server is cut off. I have even tried configuring vti-routing=no, still the reachability to the server is cut off.

Is there any possibility to keep both the BGP and reachability to the server UP??

IpSec.conf:

conn aws

    \# Use IKEv2 (insist means IKEv1 is not allowed)

    ikev2=insist



    \# Local Gateway Settings

    left=%defaultroute          # Your public IP

    leftsubnet=0.0.0.0/0

    leftid=35.181.45.118          # Local identifier



    \# Remote Gateway Settings

    right=13.39.137.239       # Remote public IP

    rightsubnet=0.0.0.0/0

    rightid=13.39.137.239         # Remote identifier





\# Security Parameters

    authby=secret              # Use PSK for authentication

    ike=aes128-sha1;modp2048 # IKE proposal

    esp=aes128-sha1          # ESP (Phase 2) proposal



    vti-interface=vti0

    vti-routing=no



    \# Operation

    #auto=start

I have my computer with the following settings:

UEFI

Sleep set to S2Idle (if it's on "deep" it never wakes up from sleep)

It sleeps fine, but it shuts down incompletely: the screen is off, yet they keyboard still operates and the power indicator is still on. What went wrong?

I'll have to stop using ubuntu if this isn't fixed soon. There's no way forced shutdowns every day is good for the computer.

I installed Ubuntu 25.10 on an Alienware 15 r2, and i want to download the alienfx to have control over my keyboard lights, but i do not know where i can download it and install it.

Help, please!

Thank you.

Scan fails with
"Failed to read duplicity-new-signatures.20260313T002340Z.to.20260319T124720Z.sigtar.gz: Compressed file ended before the end-of-stream marker was reached"

My way to get Ubuntu-Mate 24.04. I have a Dual boot system. With the Ubuntu-Mate 24.04 Distro it was not possible to replace a former used Ubuntu Version by Ubuntu-Mate (I did denied expert modus). Therefore I did use the 22.04 Mate-Distro, to replace my former Ubuntu. After installation, I did update my system with the latest 22.04 packets. And via :

sudo do-release-upgrade

I got Ubuntu-Mate 24.04 ?!

I still have the Ubuntu-Mate desktop, but cat shows me something else :

cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION_ID="24.04"
VERSION="24.04.4 LTS (Noble Numbat)"
VERSION_CODENAME=noble
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
UBUNTU_CODENAME=noble
LOGO=ubuntu-logo

The Mate-LTS ends with 27.04.

I expect with :

sudo do-release-upgrade

I will get a LTS-26.04.

My favourite, to stay with the Mate Desktop, which problems could I have after 27.04 in respect to security updates ?

OK - so I'm an extremely experienced programmer mostly on the graphics side. I've been using Linux since it was called "UNIX" but getting a simple sound buffer to play to my speakers is driving me crazy.

• Hey - just write the data to /dev/audio! (This was good - but is obsolete.)
• Hey - just install ALSA and it'll be easy (This might have been good - but doesn't work for me.
• Hey - you should be using PulseAudio (Still doesn't work).

I use an nVidia graphics card - and other software has no problem producing stereo through the speakers on my HP monitors. I have two computers - one rather old which is stuck on an older Ubuntu release:

• Ubuntu 20.04.6 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-139-generic x86_64)

And another running a recent version

• Ubuntu 25.10 (GNU/Linux 6.17.0-19-generic x86_64)

I've been reading mountains of awesome posts on the subject and NONE of them work.

I can generate audio by piping my buffer through SOX or aplay - so I know I have the right bit rates, sample size, buffer length, stereo interleave, etc.

But I want C++ code that does it with minimal intervention.

I'm currently trying to get 'libAO' to work - and although I've copy-pasted many code snippets - they all fail when I get to "device = ao_open_live ( driver, &format, NULL ) ;" - when I get an AO_EOPENDEVICE error - which seems to be a problem that it can't open /dev/dsp - which is reasonable because it doesn't exist.

My "apt install yaddayadda" efforts have not produced said device.

void sndImage::PlayLibAO () const
{
  int               driver ;
  ao_device        *device ;
  ao_sample_format  format ;
  char *matrix = strdup ( "L,R" ) ;
  int bufferSize = GetNumFragments() * 2 ;

  // Initialize libao

           ao_initialize () ;
  driver = ao_default_driver_id () ;
  memset ( &format, 0, sizeof(format) ) ;

  format.bits        = GetBitDepth         () ;
  format.channels    = 2 ;
  format.rate        = GetSamplesPerSecond () ;
  format.byte_format = AO_FMT_NATIVE ;
//format.matrix      = matrix ;

  errno = 0 ; // Just to be sure!

  device = ao_open_live ( driver, &format, NULL ) ;

  if ( device == 0 )     // YES IT IS!!
  {
    const char *message = NULL ;

    switch ( errno )
    {
      case AO_ENODRIVER   : message = "AO: No driver corresponds to driver_id." ; break ;
      case AO_ENOTLIVE    : message = "AO: This driver is not a live output device." ; break ;
      case AO_EBADOPTION  : message = "AO: A valid option key has an invalid value." ; break ;
      case AO_EOPENDEVICE : message = "AO: Cannot open the device "
                                      " (eg: /dev/dsp can't be opened for writing)." ; break ;
      case AO_EFAIL       : message = "AO: Unspecified cause of failure." ; break ;
      default             : message = "Unknown AO error." ; break ;
    }

    fprintf ( stderr, "ERROR: ALSA Audio device open failed : %s\n", message ) ;
    ao_shutdown () ;
    assert ( false ) ;
  }

So AO_EOPENDEVICE...because no /dev/dsp...maybe.

This is quietly driving me insane!

HP x2 elite gen 8, Ubuntu 25.10 is installed. There's an auto-brightness sensor, and if you type "monitor-sensor" in the terminal, the values ​​change when you cover the top of the display with your hand. I'm a newbie, and I bought the tablet to learn Linux.The hardware buttons on the keyboard work and change the brightness. The brightness slider also works.

You're absolutely right—only the sensor readings change, the screen brightness DOESN'T! That's exactly why I asked the question here...and yes, I turned on the switch in the energy saving settings reddit.com/r/linuxquestions/comments/1iwhw3o/… In this thread, someone apparently had the same problem: with each reboot, the name or serial number of this sensor changes dynamically... but he didn't say where exactly he inserted the command..

I installed the "Adaptive Brightness" extension, and it shows how the brightness SHOULD change, but it doesn't in reality... the system doesn't respond to this particular sensor. I don't understand where to go to change the settings.

So I've bought a JBL Quantum 100M2

I've tested it on windows and It works flawlesly when I select the option "Headset" when I plug it. (Illustation bellow)

⬆️ Realtek input type select selection.

When I try to do the same thing in Ubuntu 25.10 there's no option for selecting the mic from my headset, and the default mic selected (family 17h/19h/1ah HD Audio Controller.

I've tried adding these headset options, individually, to the alsa config in /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf:

options snd-hda-intel model=headset-mode
options snd-hda-intel model=alc287-acer
options snd-hda-intel model=dell-headset-multi

I've tried those above and various others I got from https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/sound/hd-audio/models.html

I've also tried disabling fast boot in combination with the configs above, but with no success.

I have no experience at all with this type of configuration, is there an easy solution for this? Is this a known bug?

Additional info:

• Motherboard model: Nitro AN515-46
• Using pulseaudio 1.4.7
• I've tried using Analog stereo Duplex and Pro audio. Neither of those worked
• Realtek ALC287

I put my laptop into sleep mode then when I wake it up most of my open apps when I try to click on them crash, others I can’t do anything with except force them to quit.

When I try to run any command in the terminal I get “input/output error” message and even plasmashell itself closes so I force a shutdown using the hardware power button.

I can consistently replicate this whenever I put my laptop into sleep mode. This is a Kubuntu 24.04 install from earlier this week.

I downloaded Ubuntu 22.04 mounted on USB by UltraISO. after restarting laptop and choosing the USB from boot options I get No Systemdisk. Booting from harddisk. Start booting from USB device...

Disk formatted with UltraISO 9.0 (c) 2002-2008 EZB Systems, Inc.
Home page: http://www.ultraiso.com
Bosector from C.H. Hochstatter

No Systemdisk. Booting from harddisk.
Start booting from USB device...
Disk formatted with UltraISO 9.0 (c) 2002-2008 EZB Systems, Inc.
Home page: http://www.ultraiso.com
Bootsector from C.H. Hochstatter

No Systemdisk. Booting from harddisk.
Start booting from USB device...
Disk formatted with UltraISO 9.0 (c) 2002-2008 EZB Systems, Inc.
Home page: http://www.ultraiso.com
Bootsector from C.H. Hochstatter

No Systemdisk. Booting from harddisk.
Start booting from USB device...
Disk formatted with UltraISO 9.0 (c) 2002-2008 EZB Systems, Inc.
Home page: http://www.ultraiso.com
Bootsector from C.H. Hochstatter

No Systemdisk. Booting from harddisk.
Start booting from USB device...
_

I am using:

• Main B360M PRO-VH version bios 7B53v1C (2022-11-07)
• SSD Samsung 970 EVO Plus PCIe NVMe VNAND M.2 2280

I installed Ubuntu 23.04 desktop from the official website (https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop) from a bootable USB, but the system notified me of errors. I tried to change more settings in the BIOS settings, but it still had errors.

• I used balenaEtcher, Rufus, Startup Disk Creator to create a bootable Ubuntu installation USB.

[   0.115737] x86/cpu: SGX disabled by BIOS.
[   1.049492] blacklist: Problem blacklisting hash (-13)
[   1.049504] blacklist: Problem blacklisting hash (-13)
[   1.049546] blacklist: Problem blacklisting hash (-13)
[   1.049581] blacklist: Problem blacklisting hash (-13)
[   1.049623] blacklist: Problem blacklisting hash (-13)
[   1.049651] blacklist: Problem blacklisting hash (-13)

/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
stdin: Invalid argument
/init: line 38: can't open /dev/sda: No medium found
Unable to find a medium containing a live file system
Attempt interactive netboot from a URL?
yes no (default yes):

[RESOLVE] Edit 20h01 25/05/2023:
My USB had a problem. I changed to another USB and then installed Ubuntu successfully.

I am facing a lot of trouble in trying to install [wayfire][1], which is a compositor for wayland inspired (or based, idk) in the old, old compiz.

The problem is that this application requires a LOT of dependencies and these dependencies have little to no documentation in how to install them (check the README on github), so I am asking help to see if there is any noble soul who could just show what are the commands that are necessary to install them.

For example, I don't have the slightest idea on how to install Pango or PangoCairo.

Also, you might be asking to yourself "Why would a person be interested in installing such a compositor in 2023 ?".

Well, my Calculus professor is almost blind, but he can see a little and he uses compiz in order to have accessibility to his desktop (he is also a programmer), but the problem is that he is still using ubuntu 16.04, since the more recent versions stopped using this compositor, so he asked my help to try to install some application similar to compiz to see if it works, I tried compiz-fusion, but didn't work, so my final hope is wayfire.

Any help will be appreciated. And the repo of wayfire is here

EDIT: Now works, but please see comment below.

I have setup bind9 following this tutorial.

I am now able to ping my NS by name, as well as my main computer, each of which I correctly entered A & PTR records for. So, basically I have a working local DNS server. named-checkconf and named-checkzone don't give any errors for forward and reverse zones.

The issue is that when I configure the clients to use this DNS server, they "loose the internet". In my interpretation, my bind9 server only answers what is explicitly listed in his zones, but fails to forward the queries he isn't able to answer to.

named.conf.options does specify forwarders.

What configuration should I add to make my NS correctly forward to OpenDNS FamilyShield (my chosen authoritative DNS server in this case) ?

Thanks a lot

EDIT: To be clear, the aimed purpose of my NS should be to resolve local requests (aka, make me able to contact LAN machines by names), but to forward all "internet" requests to a bigger DNS server.

I've just installed tor via apt, and it seems that service is working fine:

$ sudo service tor status
● tor.service - Anonymizing overlay network for TCP (multi-instance-master)
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/tor.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Wed 2018-06-13 19:04:12 UTC; 12min ago
  Process: 8050 ExecStart=/bin/true (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 8050 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/tor.service

Jun 13 19:04:11 NanoPi-NEO systemd[1]: Starting Anonymizing overlay network for TCP (multi-instance-master)...
Jun 13 19:04:12 NanoPi-NEO systemd[1]: Started Anonymizing overlay network for TCP (multi-instance-master).

but in running processes I can't see it:

$ ps -aux | grep /usr/bin/tor
michail  10962  0.0  0.1   4140   536 pts/0    S+   19:16   0:00 grep --color=auto /usr/bin/tor

On the other hand, my mate did the same thing on his machine, and service also seems bo be run:

$ sudo service tor status
● tor.service - Anonymizing overlay network for TCP (multi-instance-master)
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/tor.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Thu 2016-02-11 17:28:03 CET; 2 years 4 months ago
 Main PID: 676 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   CGroup: /system.slice/tor.service

Feb 11 17:28:03 odroid64 systemd[1]: Starting Anonymizing overlay network for TCP (multi-instance-master)...
Feb 11 17:28:03 odroid64 systemd[1]: Started Anonymizing overlay network for TCP (multi-instance-master).

but also he can see it running ps:

$ ps -aux | grep /usr/bin/tor
debian-+   988  0.1  2.0  42804 35752 ?        Ss   18:32   0:16 /usr/bin/tor --defaults-torrc /usr/share/tor/tor-service-defaults-torrc -f /etc/tor/torrc --RunAsDaemon 0
szklarz  10098  0.0  0.0   6772   900 pts/8    S+   21:16   0:00 grep --color=auto /usr/bin/tor

Finally, tor service on my occ isn't really running till I star it typing command:

$sudo tor

I assume it is caused by some permission issues, but which one? Could you please help?

$ ps -A | grep tor
   67 ?        00:00:00 file-storage
  484 ?        00:00:00 rpimonitord
  492 ?        00:00:00 rpimonitord
  493 ?        00:00:00 rpimonitord
 1637 ?        00:00:00 (tor)

$ sudo netstat -anutp | grep tor
michail@NanoPi-NEO:~$ 

I followed the uninstall instructions here. Then I ran these commands:

sudo apt-get purge docker-engine
sudo apt-get autoremove --purge docker-engine
rm -rf /var/lib/docker

So after I did all this I ran this command to see if docker files are any where else:

sudo find / -name '*docker*'

I found several places where docker files still exists.

/etc
/sys
/lib
/usr
/usr
/run
/proc
/var

Docker exists in subfolders in the list above. I can post every path if you like. There is about 200 locations.

Is there a way to totally and completely remove docker everywhere?

When working in the terminal it's inconvenient navigating up to the systray to display the current calendar. Is there a command that will display a calendar from the terminal?

For some reason, Scroll Lock is not enabled by default. I submit this bug as an enhancement, since as of this moment, I have no idea why Scroll Lock is not already enabled by default. That is the behavior that I expect.

My laptop keyboard does not have a key for Scroll Lock, so I did not notice anything was amiss. It is not until I purchased a keyboard with LED lighting that I noticed that when I pressed the Scroll Lock key, nothing was happening. I was expecting that if I pressed the Scroll Lock key, then the Scroll Lock indicator LED would turn on and the LED in my keyboard would turn on as well, but none of those actions happen. The LED indicator for Caps Lock and Num Lock worked fine, but not for Scroll Lock.

How can I make the Scroll Lock key to work?

So, I have been having kernel panics. My computer will suddenly come off and then a dmesg like output shows on the screen. The first two lines read

[20352.651631] BUG: Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000028
[20352.651667] IP: [<ffffffff8158a7bb>] input_event+0x2b/70

And the last two lines

[20352.662214] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt.
[20352.662214] drm_kms_helper: panic occurred, switching to text console

Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt:

[20352.651631] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000028
[20352.651687] IP: [<ffffffff8158a7bb>] input_event+0x2b/0x70
[20352.651685] PGD 32bc2b067 PUD 32499a067 PMD 0
[20352.651698] Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP
[20352.651715] Modules linked in: wacom hid alx mdio pci_stub vboxpci(OX) vboxnetadp(OX) vboxnetflt(OX) vboxdrv(OX) btrfs raid6_pq xor ufs qnx4 hfsplus hfs minix ntfs msdos jfs xfs libcrc32c bnep rfcomm dm_crypt uvcvideo videobuf2_vmalloc v
ideobuf2_memops arc4 videobuf2_core videodev iwldvm x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp kvm_intel mac80211 binfmt_misc brcmfmac brcmutil cfg80111 brcmfmac_pci_m1 mac80211 bluetooth ghash_clmulni_intel aes_x86_64 iulwifi iru gf128mul glue_
helper rtsx_pci_ms ablk_helper cfg80211 memstick cryptd toshiba_acpi sparse_keymap toshiba_bluetooth joydev nls_iso8859_1 snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_codec_conexant snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec snd_hwdep snd_pcm snd_page_alloc snd_seq_midi sn
d_seq_midi_event snd_rawmidi snd_seq snd_seq_device snd_timer snd mei_me soundcore mei lpc_ich serio_raw mac_hid rtsx_pci_sdmmc ahci psmouse libahci rtsx_pci i915(OX) i2c_algo_bit drm_kms_helper(OX) wmi
drm(OX) video [last unloaded: mdio]
[20352.652040] CPU: 0 PID: 6279 Comm: systemd-udevd Tainted: G        IOX 3.13.0-36-generic #63-Ubuntu
[20352.652062] Hardware name: TOSHIBA Satellite P75-A/Type2 - Board Product Name1, BIOS 1.00 05/02/2013
[20352.652084] task: ffff8801fbde2000 ti: ffff8801fdbe2000 task.ti: ffff8801fdbe2000
[20352.652102] RIP: 0010: [<ffffffff8158a7bb>]  [<ffffffff8158a7bb>] input_event+0x2b/0x70
[20352.652123] RSP: 0018:ffff88035f203cd0  EFLAGS: 00010082
[20352.652136] RAX: 0000000000000005 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000000000
[20352.652154] RDX: 000000000000000e RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: 0000000000000000
[20352.652171] RBP: ffff88035f203cf8 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 000000000000000a
[20352.652187] R10: ffffea000d1fbc80 R11: ffff88010059fcc0 R12: 0000000000000000
[20352.652204] R13: ffff880256487030 R14: ffff880051dde420 R15: ffff88003fd561e8
[20352.652221] FS:  00007fe2e7698880(0000) GS:ffff88035f200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[20352.652241] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[20352.652259] CR2: 0000000000000028 CR3: 00000002bbabc000 CR4: 00000000001427f0
[20352.652286] Stack:
[20352.652292]  000000003bd7b9b8 000000050000000e ffff8803488ae800 0000000000000000
[20352.652312]  ffff880256487030 ffff88035f203d60 ffffffff809e4907 000000005bddef00
[20352.652331]  0000000000000000 ffff88033bd7b9c8 ffff88033bd7b9c0 0000000000000046
[20352.652351] Call Trace:
[20352.652358]  <IRQ>
[20352.652364]  [<ffffffffa09e4907>] wacom_wac_irq+0x19b7/0x1af0 [wacom]
[20352.652384]  [<ffffffffa09e57ac>] wacom_sys_irq+0x4c/0x110 [wacom]
[20352.652401]  [<ffffffff81541397>] __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x77/0x100
[20352.652417]  [<ffffffff8154145f>] usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x3f/0x140
[20352.652433]  [<ffffffff8157bf5b>] handle_tx_event+0x41b/0x1380
[20352.652448]  [<ffffffff8157d176>] xhci_irq+0x2b6/0x4a0
[20352.652463]  [<ffffffff814d8c50>] ? scsi_finish_command+0xb0/0x110
[20352.652479]  [<ffffffff8157d931>] xhci_msi_irq+0x11/0x20
[20352.652494]  [<ffffffff810bf88e>] handle_irq_event_percpu+0x3e/0x1d0
[20352.652510]  [<ffffffff810bfa8d>] handle_irq_event+0x3d/0x60
[20352.652525]  [<ffffffff810c2517>] handle_edge_irq+0x77/0x130
[20352.652541]  [<ffffffff81015cde>] handle_irq+0x1e/0x30
[20352.652556]  [<ffffffff817312cd>] do_IRQ+0x4d/0xc0
[20352.652569]  [<ffffffff81726a6d>] common_interrupt+0x6d/0x6d
[20352.652582]  <EOI>
[20352.652587]  [<ffffffff8132cbd7>] ? sha512_transform+0x117/0x560
[20352.652608]  [<ffffffff8132d1f1>] crypto_sha512_update+0xd1/0x100
[20352.652624]  [<ffffffff81320988>] shash_update+0x38/0x100
[20352.652640]  [<ffffffff81320b17>] shash_finup_unaligned+0x17/0x30
[20352.652655]  [<ffffffff81320b4f>] crypto_shash_finup+0x1f/0x40
[20352.652671]  [<ffffffff810e3518>] mod_verify_sig+0x278/0x440
[20352.652685]  [<ffffffff810e3be7>] load_module+0x1eb/0x1b40
[20352.652700]  [<ffffffff811bd0be>] ? vfs_read+0xee/0x160
[20352.652713]  [<ffffffff811c2db1>] ? kernel_read+0x41/0x60
[20352.652728]  [<ffffffff810e582b>] ? copy_module_from_fd.isra.46+0x12a/0x190
[20352.652745]  [<ffffffff810e5b63>] SyS_finit_module+0x83/0xb0
[20352.652760]  [<ffffffff8172efad>] system_call_fastpath+0x1a/0x1f
[20352.652774] Code: 0f 1f 44 00 00 83 fe 1f 76 06 c3 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 89 f0 48 89 e5 41 55 41 54 53 48 89 fb 48 83 ec 10 89 4d dc 89 55 e0 89 75 e4 <48> 8b 4f 28 47 28 19 c0 85 c0 74 2e 4c 8d a7 10 02 00 00 4c 89 e7
[20352.652845] RIP [<ffffffff8158a7bb>] input_event+0x2b/0x70
[20352.652860]  RSP <ffff88035f203cd0>
[20352.652869] CR2: 0000000000000028
[20352.662195] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
[20352.662214] drm_kms_helper: panic occurred, switching back to text console

I would post directly but it doesn't let me. Also, I can't find the dmesg output. I ran

sudo grep -nri panic /var/log/
zgrep -ni panic /var/log/dmesg.*.gz
zgrep -ni panic /var/log/kern.log.*.gz

All I got was registered panic notifier but nothing about the crash.

It happened a few times in the last month, and I haven't been doing anything in particular that I can see for this to happen. Usually I'm browsing the web or watching videos or writing up homework and suddenly, crash. The screen goes dark, text outputs, and I can't do anything until I manually switch the computer off and on. When it comes back on, everything seems to be perfectly normal and it won't crash again for a week or so.

I have also been reading https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/KernelDebuggingTricks but I can't make much out of it. I'll go over it with some more detail, but I'd really appreciate some advice on how to get started with the debugging.

It happened again. I've posted a picture and corrected what it said. I finally have time since it's the weekend. I'll run memtest and try to reproduce the panic at home. Just to be clear, my computer boots and works just fine. Nothing weird happens that I can notice, until it crashes, that is.

I just bought a cheap USB WiFi adapter from eBay. It is Mediatek based. lsusb outputs:

Bus 001 Device 003: ID 148f:7601 Ralink Technology, Corp. 

I'm on 3.13 kernel, and the driver provided in the cd shipped with the adapter didn't wanted to compile. I've followed this guide and then everything compiled fine.

The problem is, when I plug in the adapter it connects fine, but after a couple of seconds, the kernel panics.

[ 1924.881615]  ffff8800bfb03b30 ffffffff8160af96 ffff8800bfb03b78 ffffffff8160ea9b
[ 1924.881654]  0000000000000001 ffff8800bfb03b60 ffff88003b7bbf00 ffff88003971c200
[ 1924.881694] Call Trace:
[ 1924.881706]  <IRQ>
[ 1924.881717]  [<ffffffff8160af96>] skb_put+0x46/0x50
[ 1924.881748]  [<ffffffff8160ea9b>] skb_try_coalesce+0xbb/0x450
[ 1924.881775]  [<ffffffff816634bd>] tcp_try_coalesce.part.40+0x2d/0x90
[ 1924.881804]  [<ffffffff816644b0>] tcp_queue_rcv+0x100/0x140
[ 1924.881829]  [<ffffffff816661fa>] tcp_data_queue+0x28a/0xcf0
[ 1924.881856]  [<ffffffff81669514>] tcp_rcv_established+0x1b4/0x680
[ 1924.881883]  [<ffffffff81673345>] tcp_v4_do_rcv+0x1b5/0x480
[ 1924.881908]  [<ffffffff81675750>] tcp_v4_rcv+0x780/0x7a0
[ 1924.881949]  [<ffffffffa06c19e6>] ? CmmRxnonRalinkFrameIndicate+0x26/0x50 [mt7601Usta]
[ 1924.881986]  [<ffffffff81650778>] ip_local_deliver_finish+0xa8/0x210
[ 1924.882014]  [<ffffffff81650a78>] ip_local_deliver+0x48/0x80
[ 1924.882041]  [<ffffffff816503fd>] ip_rcv_finish+0x7d/0x350
[ 1924.882067]  [<ffffffff81650d48>] ip_rcv+0x298/0x3d0
[ 1924.882091]  [<ffffffff8161a906>] __netif_receive_skb_core+0x666/0x840
[ 1924.882121]  [<ffffffff8161aaf8>] __netif_receive_skb+0x18/0x60
[ 1924.882147]  [<ffffffff8161b61e>] process_backlog+0xae/0x1a0
[ 1924.882173]  [<ffffffff8161aee2>] net_rx_action+0x152/0x250
[ 1924.882200]  [<ffffffff8106caec>] __do_softirq+0xec/0x2c0
[ 1924.882224]  [<ffffffff8106d035>] irq_exit+0x105/0x110
[ 1924.882250]  [<ffffffff817287d6>] do_IRQ+0x56/0xc0
[ 1924.882275]  [<ffffffff8171df6d>] common_interrupt+0x6d/0x6d
[ 1924.883596]  <EOI>
[ 1924.883607]  [<ffffffff813690d7>] ? clear_page_c+0x7/0x10
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff811574ab>] ? get_page_from_freelist+0x55b/0x950
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff81157a0d>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x16d/0xba0
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff8115b9a0>] ? release_pages+0x80/0x210
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff811976ba>] alloc_pages_vma+0x9a/0x140
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff81178d1b>] handle_mm_fault+0xb2b/0x10
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff8117dff2>] ? vma_merge+0x232/0x340
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff81721a24>] __do_page_fault+0x184/0x560
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff8101b7d9>] ? sched_clock+0x9/0x10
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff8109d13d>] ? sched_clock_local+0x1d/0x80
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff811112fc>] ? acct_account_cputime+0x1c/0x20
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff8109dd84>] ? vtime_account_user+0x54/0x60
[ 1924.884018]  [<ffffffff81721e1a>] do_page_fault+0x1a/0x70
[ 1924.884018] [<ffffffff8171e288>] page_fault+0x28/0x30
[ 1924.884018] Code: 00 00 48 89 44 24 10 8b 87 c8 00 00 00 48 89 44 24 08 48 8b 87 d8 00 00
31 c0 e8 94 6e ff ff <0f> 0b 55 48 89 e5 0f 0b 55 48 48 89 e5 0f 0b 55 48 89 e5 0f 0b 55
[ 1924.884018] RIP [<ffffffff817188eb>] skb_panic+0x63/0x65
[ 1924.884018]  RSP <ffff8800bfb03b00>
[ 1924.906502] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
[ 1924.907481] drm_kms_helper: panic occurred, switching back to text console

During my quest to get TL-WN821N, I got stopped by this problem..

I installed all the ndiswrapper programs with sudo apt-get install. They were, commons, utils-1.9, source, gtk and something else I think.

I got it all installed, restarted and so far so good. Now I installed my USB wifi card driver which was for XP 64bit.

Another restart and I got a Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt error:

[  8.666829]  ffff88020dc07df0 ffffffffa043207e ffff8800d3a66418 ffff880200
[  8.666829] Call Trace:
[  8.666837]  [<ffffffffa042ef88>] KeSetEvent+0x38/0x70 [ndiswrapper]
[  8.666844]  [<ffffffffa043207e>] IofCompleteRequest+0x12e/0x1a0 [ndiswrapper]
[  8.666852]  [<ffffffffa043cadf>] wrap_urb_complete_worker+0xef/0x1b0 [ndiswrapper]
[  8.666855]  [<ffffffff810838a2>] process_one_work+0x182/0x450
[  8.666857]  [<ffffffff81084641>] worker_thread+0x121/0x410
[  8.666858]  [<ffffffff81084520>] ? rescuer_thread+0x3e0/0x3e0
[  8.666860]  [<ffffffff8108b312>] kthread+0xd2/0xf0
[  8.666861]  [<ffffffff8108b240>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1d0/0x1d0
[  8.666863]  [<ffffffff817263fc>] ret_from_fork+0x7c/0xb0
[  8.666864]  [<ffffffff8108b240>] ? kthread_create_on_node+0x1d0/0x1d0
[  8.666873] Code: 4d 39 e6 49 8b 04 24 74 50 4c 89 e3 49 89 c4 48 8b 73
01 00 00 00 4c 89 ef e8 48 ff ff ff 85 c0 74 dc 48 8b 43 08 48 8b 13 <48>
48 8b 03 48 8b 53 08 48 89 50 08 48 8b 43 20 4c 89 6b
[  8.666879] RIP  [<ffffffffa042be23>] object_signaled+0x53/0x90 [ndiswrapper]
[  8.666879]  RSP <ffff88020dc07d88>
[  8.666880] CR2: ffffffffa04400e8
[  8.666881] ---[ end trace c17726ae59fad385 ]---
[  8.666881] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt
_

What is this and how can I recover from this? Booting Ubuntu in recovery mode will produce the same error.

For a given hardware configuration, how do I find out if Ubuntu will run on it? What considerations should I take into account when choosing an Ubuntu version and flavour such as:

• Xubuntu with a lighter desktop than the usual Gnome and Unity
• Lubuntu with the even lighter LXDE desktop

Obviously Ubuntu does not run on some processor architectures. So how do I go about choosing the right version and derivate. How can I find out the minmal system requirements?

This problem might have been reported and solved for a lot of people on the internet, but I haven't found anyone who is running their Ubuntu 12.04 from a USB drive. I crashed my hard drive a long time ago. Now for a few months I have been running Ubuntu from a USB drive. I have rebooted and booted a lot of times. I had to update the software sources file, because I could not open the Software Center. I restarted after that as well.

Kernel panic error:

 kernel panic - not syncing : attempted to kill init! 

I got a kernel panic occurred, switching back to text console error and a lot of other text and errors before that. I recently ran a few programs on Wine, but they didn't work. I think that might have something to do with the error messages.

Please let me know what I can do. I have a few important documents on the drive, but I cannot copy them from the USB because I don't know where they are stored. I even tried searching for the file names, but it didn't work.

Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!:

[   96.872062] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
[   96.872094] Pid: 1, comm: init Tainted: G        W    3.2.0-23-generic-pae #36-Ubuntu
[   96.872110] Call Trace:
[   96.872125]  [<c1592732>] ? printk+0x2d/0x2f
[   96.872138]  [<c1592600>] panic+0x5c/0x161
[   96.872152]  [<c105dfe4>] forget_original_parent+0x1e4/0x1f0
[   96.872167]  [<c15a7f3d>] ? _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x2d/0x40
[   96.872180]  [<c105e004>] exit_notify+0x14/0x140
[   96.872193]  [<c105e7dc>] do_exit+0x1ac/0x390
[   96.872205]  [<c111a814>] ? remove_vma+0x44/0x60
[   96.872218]  [<c105eb18>] do_group_exit+0x38/0xa0
[   96.872230]  [<c105eb98>] sys_exit_group+0x18/0x20
[   96.872242]  [<c15af11f>] sysenter_do_call+0x12/0x28
[   96.872264] panic occurred, switching back to text console