Ubuntu 2024.04.04; GPU driver:nvidia v: 590.48.01; with: Xwayland v: 23.2.6 When starting with Wayland, login always takes you back to user selection.

When I run the GUI tool gnome-control-center, I can adjust the Output Device between "Headphones - Built in Audio" and "HDMI / Displayport - Built in Audio".

The man page for gnome-control-center states

Note that gnome-control-center is not meant to expose each and every setting that is available. The settings that can be found here represent what is considered useful and commonly needed options. For more exotic or uncommon options, you can look at gnome-tweak-tool or the gsettings commandline utility.

From there, I guessed that maybe gnome-control-settings controls a subset of the full setting exposed by gsettings.

However, when I run the following command, I do not find anything like the above selection:

gsettings list-recursively | grep sound
com.ubuntu.sound allow-amplified-volume false
com.ubuntu.touch.sound incoming-call-sound '/usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/ringtones/Ubuntu.ogg'
com.ubuntu.touch.sound incoming-message-sound '/usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/notifications/Xylo.ogg'
com.ubuntu.touch.sound silent-mode false
org.gnome.Settings last-panel 'sound'
org.gnome.desktop.privacy disable-sound-output false
org.gnome.desktop.sound allow-volume-above-100-percent false
org.gnome.desktop.sound event-sounds true
org.gnome.desktop.sound input-feedback-sounds true
org.gnome.desktop.sound theme-name 'Yaru'

What is the correct command line way to select output device that is equivalent to clicking around in the gnome-control-center sound GUI?

More generally, is there a generic way to find the command line equivalent for the gnome-control-center GUI buttons?

2 days ago I lost Internet. Dell latitude 7390, Ubuntu 24.04.4.lts. Full day of troubleshooting with a LLM has been fruitless. Connects to WiFi, wifi works for all other devices, just can't get to the Internet. No web, no pings get through, no software updates, nothing

I'm not exactly sure how else to describe this! My audio output is too loud, for whatever reason (I have two audio outputs I use). In Windows, I use Equalizer APO to add -35 dB to each device. Previously in the PulseAudio days, in the configuration file pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output.conf.common I added:

[Element PCM]
volume-limit = 28 

And that worked great.

However, I can't seem to figure out how to do this in this brave new future. All of the volume modification changes I've come across just end up adjusting KDE's volume, which isn't useful in the slightest (I use it around 4% at the moment). If someone could point me in the right direction, I'd greatly appreciate it!

[This machine is running Kubuntu 25.10, Wayland, and any other default configurations]

Every time I open Steam from the dock or the icon, my entire PC instantly crashes and restarts. However, opening Steam from terminal seems to work fine. This only started happening a few days ago; I have been using Steam as normal for months before then.

What might be causing this problem? What are some steps for troubleshooting?

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Release:    24.04
Codename:   noble

I realise that this is a bit of a speculative question, but: I am doing a new PC build and for various reasons I need to get that done before the weekend of 3rd and 4th April. I currently have Ubuntu 22.04 installed on each of 2 PCs (laptop and desktop) and I never did a dist-upgrade to 24.04 because in the past those upgrades failed. In fact just as an experiment I installed a completely clean VM under virtualbox with 22.04 on it and tried to do the dist-upgrade and it resulted in an unusable VM, so clearly there's an issue with the 22.04 -> 24.04 dist-upgrade process.

However that aside, I have a new PC build coming as mentioned, and eventually I would like that to be running 26.04. I'm a bit nervous about putting 24.04 on it and trying dist-upgrade because of that past experience where the dist-upgrade ended up with an unusable system.

I'm currently targeting that build for 31st March and I see that the release date for 26.04 beta is 26th March. So I should be able to download and install that beta before the 31st. Given that I assume the upgrade process should be simpler for 26.04 beta -> 26.04 final than it is from 24.04 to 26.04, do you think that I should install the 26.04 beta and then upgrade that to 26.04 final after that's released, or should I sit tight and just install the 24.04 release and hope that the dist-upgrade works?

I will probably plan a test run prior to the final PC build where I put 24.04 on a VM and try to dist-upgrade that to the 26.04 beta to get some idea of the potential issues involved.

I started using Ubuntu on a Dell touchscreen Chromebook nearly for one month. I bought it off of ebay because the seller described it as a windows 11 Dell touchscreen laptop. The seller never mentioned it used to be a Chromebook. When I took it out of its shipping box, I found it was a Chromebook with Windows 11. It ran windows okay, but not great. So, I intended to restore it back to a Chromebook. I found on youtube a method to first install linux and then Chrome OS. After installing Ubuntu I liked it so much, I decided to keep it.

After one month Ubuntu now says I have to sign in to my home wifi, but it also says it's connected to that wifi and works like it is connected. It does also say it is due for a firmware update. Could that be it? No other device in the house has this wifi connectivity issue. So, what is going on and how can I fix it?

I am trying to implement MFA using Google Authenticator. I have commented out all the correct things out of /etc/ssh/sshd_config and /etc/pam.d/sshd.

In /etc/pam.d/sshd I have:

auth required pam_google_authenticator.so  

In /etc/ssh/sshd_config I have:

PasswordAuthentication yes  
KbdInteractiveAuthentication yes  
UsePam yes  
AuthenticationMethods password,keyboard-interactive  

Debug logs:

debug1: Authentications that can continue: password  
debug3: start over, passed a different list password  
debug3: preferred publickey,keyboard-interactive,password  
debug3: authmethod_lookup password  
debug3: remaining preferred: ,keyboard-interactive,password  
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password  
debug1: Next authentication method: password  
<redacted>'s password:  
debug3: send packet: type 50  
debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply  
debug3: receive packet: type 51  
debug1: Authentications that can continue: password  
Permission denied, please try again.  
<redacted>'s password: 

This is an active issue and incident as of March 21, 2026.

I am seeing a question mark on my networking in Desktop and Network Manager but my network is functioning with internet.

Why is this?

When I boot up a message appears at the top of the screen saying it is searching for wifi, and then says it is connected to wifi. I have no wifi at all in my old desktop computer. The machine is hard-wired to an Ethernet connection to an AT&T Gateway connected to a fiber optic cable that is attached to my house. I have no wifi hardware in this machine to make a connection with. On the other hand ADT has an alarm system that is connected to the Gateway via wifi, but I don't think my desktop with no wifi hardware could use that. Do you have any idea how it could actually connect via wifi?

How can I connect to that network when I don't have a Wi-Fi card, just wired?

NB This is NOT a duplicate of How force remove when post-installation script always fail as I can QUITE EASILY UNINSTALL the 'hyperspec' package ...

$ sudo apt remove hyperspec
REMOVING:                       
  hyperspec

Summary:
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 0, Removing: 1, Not Upgrading: 6
  1 not fully installed or removed.
  Freed space: 35.8 kB

Continue? [Y/n] 
(Reading database ... 860301 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing hyperspec (1.34) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.11.2) ...

$ sudo apt remove hyperspec
Package 'hyperspec' is not installed, so not removed
Summary:                    
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 0, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 6
$ 

The problem is that IT WON'T INSTALL ANY OTHER SOFTWARE [that might need 'hyperspec' ??]; perhaps an FTP issue but ... I can't install filezilla to experiment.

Maybe it's that the FTP server won't service NZ computers - but that's a guess; some sites treat NZ (part of APNIC) as Chinese hackers ...

I'm unable to install any new software; any 'sudo app install' fails with step 'hyperspec'. Any help with how to move forward would be appreciated .

$ sudo apt install hyperspec # or python3 or xpmutils ...
Installing:                     
  hyperspec

Summary:
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 1, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 6
  Download size: 8,592 B
  Space needed: 35.8 kB / 46.7 GB available

Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing/multiverse amd64 hyperspec all 1.34 [8,592 B]
Fetched 8,592 B in 1s (8,022 B/s)     
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package hyperspec.
(Reading database ... 859385 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../hyperspec_1.34_all.deb ...
Unpacking hyperspec (1.34) ...
Setting up hyperspec (1.34) ...
No or old version of the hyperspec found. Getting newer version
Downloading the hyperspec from the Internet
--2026-03-21 18:02:04--  ftp://ftp.lispworks.com/pub/software_tools/reference/HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz
           => ‘/root/tmp/HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz’
Resolving ftp.lispworks.com (ftp.lispworks.com)... 92.243.11.64
Connecting to ftp.lispworks.com (ftp.lispworks.com)|92.243.11.64|:21... failed: Connection refused.
sha256sum: /root/tmp/HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz: No such file or directory (os error 2)
Invalid file hash for HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz
Received hash: 
Expected hash: 1ac1666a9dc697dbd8881262cad4371bcd2e9843108b643e2ea93472ba85d7c3
Unable to download and can't ask whether to try again.
dpkg: error processing package hyperspec (--configure):
 installed hyperspec package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.11.2) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Error in `/usr/share/doc-base/hyperspec.hyperspec', line 13: all `Format' sections are invalid.
Note: `install-docs --verbose --check file_name' may give more details about the above error.
Errors were encountered while processing:
 hyperspec

BTW a remove and install of hyperspec gives:

$ sudo apt remove hyperspec
[sudo: authenticate] Password: 
REMOVING:                       
  hyperspec

Summary:
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 0, Removing: 1, Not Upgrading: 6
  1 not fully installed or removed.
  Freed space: 35.8 kB

Continue? [Y/n] 
(Reading database ... 860301 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing hyperspec (1.34) ...
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.11.2) ...

$ sudo apt install hyperspec
Installing:                     
  hyperspec

Summary:
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 1, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 6
  Download size: 0 B / 8,592 B
  Space needed: 35.8 kB / 46.7 GB available

Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously unselected package hyperspec.
(Reading database ... 860300 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../hyperspec_1.34_all.deb ...
Unpacking hyperspec (1.34) ...
Setting up hyperspec (1.34) ...
No or old version of the hyperspec found. Getting newer version
Downloading the hyperspec from the Internet
--2026-03-21 18:20:31--  ftp://ftp.lispworks.com/pub/software_tools/reference/HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz
           => ‘/root/tmp/HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz’
Resolving ftp.lispworks.com (ftp.lispworks.com)... 92.243.11.64
Connecting to ftp.lispworks.com (ftp.lispworks.com)|92.243.11.64|:21... failed: Connection refused.
sha256sum: /root/tmp/HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz: No such file or directory (os error 2)
Invalid file hash for HyperSpec-7-0.tar.gz
Received hash: 
Expected hash: 1ac1666a9dc697dbd8881262cad4371bcd2e9843108b643e2ea93472ba85d7c3
Unable to download and can't ask whether to try again.
dpkg: error processing package hyperspec (--configure):
 installed hyperspec package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for doc-base (0.11.2) ...
Processing 1 added doc-base file...
Error in `/usr/share/doc-base/hyperspec.hyperspec', line 13: all `Format' sections are invalid.
Note: `install-docs --verbose --check file_name' may give more details about the above error.
Errors were encountered while processing:
 hyperspec
Error: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
$ 

BTW I also tried to clean up things ...

$ sudo apt-get clean
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://nz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing InRelease [275 kB]
      <SNIP to stop post exceeeding limit>
Get:167 http://nz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-backports/multiverse Icons (64x64@2) [29 B]                                                                              
Get:168 http://nz.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-backports/multiverse amd64 c-n-f Metadata [120 B]                                                                        
Fetched 109 MB in 11s (10.1 MB/s)                                                                                                                                             
Reading package lists... Done
N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'https://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'
N: Some sources can be modernized. Run 'apt modernize-sources' to do so.

Still same problem

Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS

I am trying to pipe a stream to vlc. When it was rtmp I could do it. But hls/m3u8 I am having trouble with. an example link (https://ppv.to/live/247-family-guy). I have tried searching network console in firefox, but not finding the master url. extension video downloadhelper is able to download the stream. So I should be able to pipe it to vlc right?

update: I have found the master url. Though am receiving 403 Forbidden error. Why can the extension download the stream, but ffmpeg and yt-dlp can't?

uname -r: 6.17.0-14-generic

System: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, pipewire sound server.

GPU: Nvidia GTX 980

Speaker: onn 5.1.2 Dolby Atmos soundbar, connected via HDMI, to the soundbar's "HDMI in" port.

Newer edits are at the bottom.

I tried playing an atmos test file in VLC, but all the channels came out the stereo speakers.

Minecraft appears to use surround sound correctly. (not atmos of course) It's the only app that gets the surround LR speakers to make noise, besides internet archive's surround sound test files (different than the file I tested on VLC)

On that topic, most of the archive's test files don't work. Just one mp4 does, that's it. The videos that don't work have the surround speakers playing out of buth front LR, and surround LR, with front center appearing to be mimicked by front LR. It's hard to tell on a soundbar. At the very least front center plays out of all three front speakers.

1: How do I know if the file I have for VLC has Atmos in it at all?

2: Are there settings in VLC that allow me to use Atmos?

3: Do I need to activate bitstreaming?

In answer to a question: For now, I am only expecting 5.1 surround, not Atmos. That is a task for later.

That brings up another question: Are Atmos files downmixed to stereo, or to surround, when you play them with out a renderer/passthrough?

EDIT: I switched to pulseaudio

sudo apt install pulseaudio pulseaudio-module-bluetooth gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio systemctl --user stop pipewire.socket pipewire-pulse.socket systemctl --user disable pipewire.socket pipewire-pulse.socket systemctl --user mask pipewire.socket pipewire-pulse.socket systemctl --user enable pulseaudio.service pulseaudio.socket systemctl --user start pulseaudio.service pulseaudio.socket

I don't know weather or not that fixed things. I will have to check. Kodi will tell me what format an audio track is in, so I was able to find a few 5.1 Atmos videos. They are working perfectly as 5.1 PCM, now.

I found this command

pasuspender -- env KODI_AE_SINK=ALSA kodi

in this article about switching to pulseaudio. I ran it, and all the passthrough options I've been hunting for magically appeared, yay!

That didnt work, so I changed it to

echo 'autospawn = no' > ~/.config/pulse/client.conf pulseaudio --kill sleep 1 env KODI_AE_SINK=ALSA kodi echo 'autospawn = yes' > ~/.config/pulse/client.conf pulseaudio --start

I dropped the pasuspender part of the command, and added parts that make sure pulseaudio doesn't respawn until kodi shuts down

This allowed me to go through the audio passthrough support toggles, and I figured out that enabling E-AC3 causes this problem:

Any attempt to play back audio will have the player start up, but the counter will not advance.

When I try it with a video file, it does the same thing, except the counter will always get to 9 seconds, and the video plays up to that point. Once it gets to that point, it immidiately freezes up and the next 3 or so frames play very choppily.

Most of the atmos videos I had were in E-AC3, so I found one that was MLP FBA.

Except that one plays perfectly with passthrough, just with no audio. The support toggle for that codec is enabled (Dolby TrueHD).

If you need more info, feel free to ask.

I want update BIOS with FreeDOS. I want to use Ubuntu to make a live USB for FreeDOS. I tried using UNetbootin, but I can not install UNetbootin in Ubuntu 22.04.

E: The repository '[https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu](https://www.google.com/search?q=https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu) jammy Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
noor@noor:\~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 [http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu](http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu) jammy InRelease
Hit:2 [http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu](http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu) jammy-updates InRelease
Hit:3 [http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu](http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu) jammy-backports InRelease
Hit:4 [http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu](http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu) xenial-updates InRelease
Hit:5 [https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu](https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu) impish InRelease
Hit:6 [http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu](http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu) jammy-security InRelease
Ign:7 [https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu](https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu) jammy InRelease
Hit:8 [https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillateam/ppa/ubuntu](https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/mozillateam/ppa/ubuntu) jammy InRelease
Hit:9 [https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/tomtomtom/woeusb/ubuntu](https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/tomtomtom/woeusb/ubuntu) jammy InRelease
Hit:10 [https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ubuntu-desktop/ppa/ubuntu](https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/ubuntu-desktop/ppa/ubuntu) jammy InRelease
Err:11 [https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu](https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu) jammy Release
404  Not Found [IP: 2620:2d:4000:1::3e 443]
Hit:12 [https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu](https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu) jammy-apps-security InRelease
Hit:13 [https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu](https://esm.ubuntu.com/apps/ubuntu) jammy-apps-updates InRelease
Hit:14 [https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu](https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu) jammy-infra-security InRelease
Hit:15 [https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu](https://esm.ubuntu.com/infra/ubuntu) jammy-infra-updates InRelease
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository '[https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu](https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/gezakovacs/ppa/ubuntu) jammy Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
noor@noor:~$ sudo apt-get install unetbootin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package unetbootin
noor@noor:~$ █

How can I make a live USB image image for FreeDOS in Ubuntu 22.04?

Hi everyone I'm using an Ubuntu server and I want to allow the access through any network in the world.

1. I configured the static ip address.
2. I have mapped the port 22-22 in the router configuration
3. I'm using the router ip address to perform an SSH connection

ssh user@router_ip -v

And here's the response:

OpenSSH_8.6p1, LibreSSL 3.3.6
debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/my-mac-user/.ssh/config
debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/my-mac-user/.colima/ssh_config
debug1: /Users/my-mac-user/.ssh/config line 15: Applying options for *
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: include /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/* matched no files
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 54: Applying options for *
debug1: Authenticator provider $SSH_SK_PROVIDER did not resolve; disabling
debug1: Connecting to router_ip [router_ip] port 22.

I'm trying to set up my Linux server to always be connected through NordVPN while still allowing for local network file sharing. I've read that whitelisting the internal IP (ex. 192.168.1.0/24) has done the trick for others, but it's not helping me for whatever reason.

Here are my NordVPN settings:

Technology: OPENVPN
Protocol: UDP
Firewall: enabled
Kill Switch: disabled
CyberSec: disabled
Obfuscate: disabled
Notify: disabled
Auto-connect: enabled
IPv6: disabled
DNS: disabled
Whitelisted subnets:
    192.168.1.0/24

I tried to install Gnome Boxes on Ubuntu 22.04 (beta). The default one was Snap, but after downloading an OS image, it failed to start the guest. So, I uninstalled it and installed the package version instead. I downloaded the Ubuntu Server image and it started this time, but the guest screen (console) was a tiny small window on my 4K monitor. Resizing the window of Gnome Boxes did not make the guest screen bigger; the guest screen was the same size at the centre and only padding was added. It was almost impossible to use the guest like that.

I could not find any way to enlarge the guest screen. I searched the web and found some page mentioning some sort of guest-side add-on, but that will probably work when the guest is a GUI desktop and is installed. It won't work at the installer screen or a terminal window of Ubuntu Server.

VMware has Stretch mode, which can make the terminal guest screen fill the 4K host monitor. Gnome Boxes does not have a similar function?

Devices:

• Samsung Odyssey G9 Monitor (5,120 x 1,440)
• GeForce RTX 2070 Super (Display Port)

It seems limited at 120hz, I was wondering how I can enable 240hz.

There also does not seem to be any settings to enable HDR & g-sync, any advice on these 3 points would be greatly appreciated.

1. Set refresh rate to 240hz
2. Enable HDR
3. Enable g-sync

Current Driver:

xrandr: the xrandr output (only showing connected results):

Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 5120 x 1440, maximum 32767 x 32767
DP-4 connected primary 5120x1440+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 1mm x 1mm
   3840x1080     59.97 + 239.97   119.97  
   5120x1440    120.00*   59.98  
   2560x1440    239.90   120.00    59.95  
   2560x1080    119.88    60.00    59.94  
   1920x1080    119.88    60.00    59.94  
   1680x1050     59.95  
   1600x900      60.00  
   1440x900      59.89  
   1280x1024     75.02    60.02  
   1280x800      59.81  
   1280x720      60.00  
   1152x864      75.00  
   1024x768      75.03    70.07    60.00  
   800x600       75.00    72.19    60.32    56.25  
   640x480       75.00    72.81    59.94  

The connection between my screen is via the Display Port provided with my monitor, as far as support goes, on Windows I run fine using 240Hz and HDR enabled.

I want headless server (running Ubuntu Server 19.10) to be listening for iperf3 request constantly, even after reboot. Currently, I can run it on the terminal using the -c and -d flags which runs it as a daemon (which I think just means in the background).

sudo iperf3 -s -D

But I want it start in this mode all the time on boot, so it is always listening in the background.

When I've done this kind of before, it's involved systemd, which I am not familiar with too much. Don't think there was mention of systemd when I read up on iperf3 program, so is it even compatible with it (or is that statement itself nonsensical?)

Only ever used systemd in very limited ways before when been instructed to in tutorials so not up to speed on its scope.

I'm running Ubuntu 20.04 with RTX 2060 on my laptop.
Nvidia driver version - 440

My problem is that whenever I select NVIDIA (Performance Mode) in the PRIME PROFILES, my Ubuntu starts lagging. My screen is 144Hz but it feels a lot like 50ish something. I also tried running DOTA2 but poor fps there (30-35),

I started exploring, and I stumbled on nvidia-smi.
After running the command nvidia-smi -q --display=POWER, I am getting the following output:

Timestamp                           : Thu May  7 02:49:21 2020
Driver Version                      : 440.64
CUDA Version                        : 10.2

Attached GPUs                       : 1
GPU 00000000:01:00.0
    Power Readings
        Power Management            : N/A
        Power Draw                  : 2.79 W
        Power Limit                 : N/A
        Default Power Limit         : N/A
        Enforced Power Limit        : N/A
        Min Power Limit             : N/A
        Max Power Limit             : N/A
    Power Samples
        Duration                    : Not Found
        Number of Samples           : Not Found
        Max                         : Not Found
        Min                         : Not Found
        Avg                         : Not Found

What is shocking is that my Power draw is 2.79W, which I believe is extremely low for GPUs.

Can please someone help in getting this to work? I've been at this for hours.

I have two MacBooks. One installed Ubuntu 18.04 flawlessly. The other would hang on the Splash Screen for the intial install. So in the grub menu, I pressed 'e' and typed in nomodeset where applicable. That did the trick, and I was able to install Ubuntu. Then I updated the graphics to NVIDIA, rebooted, and now I'm getting a blank screen on boot-up. If I press option + command + r, I'm able to get to the grub menu again (not from the boot USB), and if I press e, I see that nomodeset is already there. I don't understand what to do at this point.

I also tried to start completely over, and press option + power to boot to USB, and my USB drive won't show up in the menu! I tried different USB drives, and same result.

NOTE: I am not after themes... more just hacking what's here as its faster.

In Ubuntu 18.04 I am trying to change the grub.png/splash.png image, the one you see when GRUB asks you what system you want to boot up, Linux/Windows/etc.

I know how to give myself permissions over a whole folder and its files in usr/share/background/ (which is how I changed my login screen), but if I am going any place near GRUB I want to only give permissions to the actual image - not to GRUB or kernel or other files inside.

Ideas?

In windows I add to the routing table:

route add 159.182.151.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 159.182.152.110

How to add similar to ubuntu ?

thanks.

I'm trying to set up my Ubuntu server 16.04 LTS Xenial to run a DHCP Server that provides the required information to a very specific device.

That device is a TV Decoder by Orange ISP (French vendor is Sagem), and it only works if the IP address is assigned by the Livebox 3 by Orange (TM) (same vendor). This restriction avoids having a different DHCP server than the one provided by Orange.

If I want to use my own DHCP server running in Ubuntu 16.04 to avoid the one running at the Livebox (it's crappy) I need to adapt my configuration.

Bootstrap Protocol (ACK) using TV Decoder and DHCP, both from Sagem

Message type: Boot Reply (2)
Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01)
Hardware address length: 6
Hops: 0
Transaction ID: 0x35139a37
Seconds elapsed: 0
Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast)
Client IP address: 0.0.0.0
Your (client) IP address: 192.168.1.153
Next server IP address: 192.168.1.1
Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0
Client MAC address: Sagemcom_37:a1:9a (f0:82:61:37:a1:9a)
Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000
Server host name not given
Boot file name not given
Magic cookie: DHCP
Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (ACK)
    Length: 1
    DHCP: ACK (5)
Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier
    Length: 4
    DHCP Server Identifier: 192.168.1.1
Option: (51) IP Address Lease Time
    Length: 4
    IP Address Lease Time: (843s) 14 minutes, 3 seconds
Option: (58) Renewal Time Value
    Length: 4
    Renewal Time Value: (421s) 7 minutes, 1 second
Option: (59) Rebinding Time Value
    Length: 4
    Rebinding Time Value: (737s) 12 minutes, 17 seconds
Option: (1) Subnet Mask
    Length: 4
    Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Option: (6) Domain Name Server
    Length: 4
    Domain Name Server: 192.168.1.1
Option: (15) Domain Name
    Length: 4
    Domain Name: home
Option: (28) Broadcast Address
    Length: 4
    Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255
Option: (3) Router
    Length: 4
    Router: 192.168.1.1
Option: (125) V-I Vendor-specific Information
    Length: 41
    Enterprise: The Broadband Forum (formerly 'ADSL Forum') (3561)
        Length: 36
        Option 125 Suboption: (4) GatewayManufacturerOUI
            Length: 6
            GatewayManufacturerOUI: 307CB2
        Option 125 Suboption: (5) GatewaySerialNumber
            Length: 15
            GatewaySerialNumber: AN16XXXXXXXXXX
        Option 125 Suboption: (6) GatewayProductClass
            Length: 9
            GatewayProductClass: Livebox 3
Option: (255) End
    Option End: 255

To emulate the same behavior from my own ISC DHCP Server in Ubuntu I had customized it, based on the found documentation and options.

Basically, the point is to send only to the TV decoder the following additional codes:

• Code 15: Domain name
• Code 72: Default World Wide Web Server.
• Code 125: V-I Vendor Specific Information

Based on the ISC DHCP server documentation, the three codes exist and they could be easily sent by adding the convinient options:

• domain-name text
• www-server ip-address
• vendor-encapsulated-options string

Firstly, I tried that way:

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# Create an option namespace called orangetv
option space orangetv code width 1 length width 1;
option orangetv.GatewayManufacturerOUI code 4 = text;
option orangetv.GatewaySerialNumber code 5 = text;
option orangetv.GatewayProductclass code 6 = text;
    
# Linux Router
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
    option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    option routers 192.168.1.5;
    range 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.199;    
    class "sagem-vendor-classes" {
    match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 5) = "sagem";        
    option domain-name "home";        
    option www-server 193.253.67.89;
    vendor-options-space orangetv;
    option orangetv.GatewayManufacturerOUI "307CB2";
    option orangetv.GatewaySerialNumber "AN16XXXXXXXXXXX";
    option orangetv.GatewayProductclass "Livebox 3";                       
    }

}

Once the new config was saved, I checked the configuration syntax by running: sudo dhcpd -t -cf /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

Then, I restarted the DHCP server to reload the new config (ISC DHCP 4.3 fails sometimes to restart and reload the new config. This is somehow related to the Apache2 server. Therefore I suggest forcing it):

sudo -i
service dhcp restart
service isc-dhcp-server restart
service isc-dhcp-server6 restart
service apache2 restart

Now, I rebooted the TV Decoded, and traced the network with Wireshark again. The result of the Bootstrap ACK was

Message type: Boot Reply (2)
Hardware type: Ethernet (0x01)
Hardware address length: 6
Hops: 0
Transaction ID: 0x70907f18
Seconds elapsed: 0
Bootp flags: 0x8000, Broadcast flag (Broadcast)
Client IP address: 0.0.0.0
Your (client) IP address: 192.168.1.153
Next server IP address: 192.168.1.5
Relay agent IP address: 0.0.0.0
Client MAC address: Sagemcom_37:a1:9a (f0:82:61:37:a1:9a)
Client hardware address padding: 00000000000000000000
Server host name not given
Boot file name not given
Magic cookie: DHCP
Option: (53) DHCP Message Type (ACK)
    Length: 1
    DHCP: ACK (5)
Option: (54) DHCP Server Identifier
    Length: 4
    DHCP Server Identifier: 192.168.1.5
Option: (51) IP Address Lease Time
    Length: 4
    IP Address Lease Time: (843s) 14 minutes, 3 seconds
Option: (1) Subnet Mask
    Length: 4
    Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Option: (3) Router
    Length: 4
    Router: 192.168.1.5
Option: (6) Domain Name Server
    Length: 4
    Domain Name Server: 192.168.1.1
Option: (15) Domain Name
    Length: 4
    Domain Name: home
Option: (28) Broadcast Address
    Length: 4
    Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.255
Option: (72) Default WWW Server
    Length: 4
    Default WWW Server: 193.253.67.89
Option: (255) End
    Option End: 255
Padding: 0000000000000000

As you notice, options 15 and 72 were correctly parsed by option 125 is missing. So, I tried to use the encapsulated vendor options as recommended in the manual. I Used

option vendor-encapsulated-options 7d:29:00:00:0d:XXXXXXXX:20:33

instead of the vendor-options-space method, but it failed again.

I used another workaround to send the code 125 as explained in [https://lists.isc.org/pipermail/dhcp-users/2012-July/015793.html][1]

/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

# Create an option namespace called orangetv
option space orangetv code width 1 length width 1;
option orangetv.GatewayManufacturerOUI code 4 = text;
option orangetv.GatewaySerialNumber code 5 = text;
option orangetv.GatewayProductclass code 6 = text;

# Package the orangetv namespace into option 125
option space vivso code width 4 length width 1;
option vivso.orangetv code 3561 = encapsulate orangetv;
option vivso.iana code 0 = string;
option op125 code 125 = encapsulate vivso;

# Linux Router
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
    option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
    option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
    option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
    option routers 192.168.1.5;
    range 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.199;    
    class "sagem-vendor-classes" {
    match if substring(option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 5) = "sagem";        
    option domain-name "home";        
    option www-server 193.253.67.89;
    option vivso.iana 01:01:01;
    option orangetv.GatewayManufacturerOUI "307CB2";
    option orangetv.GatewaySerialNumber "AN16XXXXXXXXXXX";
    option orangetv.GatewayProductclass "Livebox 3";                       
    }

}

Despite these configurations, the DHCP server is not sending the code 125 win the vendor specifics.

Any other suggestions?

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Right now I have to enter the BIOS and change to UEFI in order to start Windows and if I chose Legacy it will start Kubuntu.

How can I make my computer to boot with UEFI and be able to then select Windows or Kubuntu?

If my setup helps answering this question:

I have a SSD on which Windows and Kubuntu are installed:
sda1 - sda4 contain Windows data
sda5       is Kubuntu root

On my HDD I have data.
sdb1 belongs to Windows
sdb2 is Kubuntus /home

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I can see normal letter but not connected letters (i.e ক + ে = কে). Same thing is happening in gnome-mplayer.

Is any media player can render complex Bangla unicode in screen?

screenshot of latest VLC player

Note: I already installed Bangla Language/support package.

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Btw, this is a Lenovo w520 laptop!

EDIT:

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