I have a dual boot HDD with Windows and Ubuntu. A while ago, Ubuntu was updating files and suddenly I lost power to the PC. Once power came back on, I booted my PC to use Ubuntu again, but it's not booting. The screen starts with the green circle and then it goes blank (black), and nothing else appears. Please help me to repair Ubuntu. I have a bootable live USB drive for installing Ubuntu.

Ubuntu Version: Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS

Kernel Version: 6.17.0-14-generic

Problem Description: I have recently installed Ubuntu. However, it is unable to detect my laptop’s built-in microphone. Microphone works perfectly fine on Windows 11 (which I am using via dual boot).

Relevant System Information:

• Device name: MSI Vector A18 HX A9WHG with AMD Ryzen 9 CPU and Nvidia RTX 5070 GPU (https://www.msi.com/Laptop/Vector-A18-HX-A9WX/Specification)
• Microphone: its name is AMD Array Device, and its using Realtek(R) audio drivers on Windows 11. Not sure of the exact model.

Screenshots or Error Messages:

The output of arecord -l is:

**** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
card 2: Generic_1 [HD-Audio Generic], device 0: ALC274 Analog [ALC274 Analog]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

pactl is not installed, pipewire is running, arecord records only some kind of low static noise though I am speaking. alsamixer -c 2 is showing the following:

cat /proc/asound/card2/codec#0

Codec: Realtek ALC274
Address: 0
AFG Function Id: 0x1 (unsol 1)
Vendor Id: 0x10ec0274
Subsystem Id: 0x14621482
Revision Id: 0x100004
No Modem Function Group found
Default PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
Default Amp-In caps: N/A
Default Amp-Out caps: N/A
State of AFG node 0x01:
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 D3cold CLKSTOP EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
GPIO: io=4, o=0, i=0, unsolicited=1, wake=0
  IO[0]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
  IO[1]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
  IO[2]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
  IO[3]: enable=0, dir=0, wake=0, sticky=0, data=0, unsol=0
Node 0x02 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x41d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Control: name="Headphone Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
  Device: name="ALC274 Analog", type="Audio", device=0
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x57, nsteps=0x57, stepsize=0x02, mute=0
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x57 0x57]
  Converter: stream=5, channel=0
  PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x03 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x41d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Control: name="Speaker Playback Volume", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x57, nsteps=0x57, stepsize=0x02, mute=0
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x33 0x33]
  Converter: stream=5, channel=0
  PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x04 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x05 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x06 [Audio Output] wcaps 0x411: Stereo
  Converter: stream=0, channel=0
  PCM:
    rates [0x40]: 48000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x07 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x10051b: Stereo Amp-In
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x3f, stepsize=0x02, mute=1
  Amp-In vals:  [0x97 0x97]
  Converter: stream=0, channel=0
  SDI-Select: 0
  PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 1
     0x24
Node 0x08 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x10051b: Stereo Amp-In
  Control: name="Capture Volume", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
  Control: name="Capture Switch", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
  Device: name="ALC274 Analog", type="Audio", device=0
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x3f, stepsize=0x02, mute=1
  Amp-In vals:  [0x27 0x27]
  Converter: stream=1, channel=0
  SDI-Select: 0
  PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 1
     0x23
Node 0x09 [Audio Input] wcaps 0x10051b: Stereo Amp-In
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x17, nsteps=0x3f, stepsize=0x02, mute=1
  Amp-In vals:  [0x97 0x97]
  Converter: stream=0, channel=0
  SDI-Select: 0
  PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 1
     0x22
Node 0x0a [Audio Input] wcaps 0x100711: Stereo Digital
  Converter: stream=0, channel=0
  SDI-Select: 0
  Digital:
  Digital category: 0x0
  IEC Coding Type: 0x0
  PCM:
    rates [0x560]: 44100 48000 96000 192000
    bits [0xe]: 16 20 24
    formats [0x1]: PCM
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 1
     0x1f
Node 0x0b [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x0c [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x0d [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x0e [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x0f [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x10 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x11 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x12 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40040b: Stereo Amp-In
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
  Amp-In vals:  [0x00 0x00]
  Pincap 0x00000020: IN
  Pin Default 0x40000000: [N/A] Line Out at Ext N/A
    Conn = Unknown, Color = Unknown
    DefAssociation = 0x0, Sequence = 0x0
  Pin-ctls: 0x00:
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x13 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40040b: Stereo Amp-In
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
  Amp-In vals:  [0x00 0x00]
  Pincap 0x00000020: IN
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x00:
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x14 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x80 0x80]
  Pincap 0x00010010: OUT EAPD
  EAPD 0x2: EAPD
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x00:
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 1
     0x02
Node 0x15 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x80 0x80]
  Pincap 0x0001001c: OUT HP EAPD Detect
  EAPD 0x2: EAPD
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x00:
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 3
     0x02* 0x03 0x06
Node 0x16 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x80 0x80]
  Pincap 0x00010014: OUT EAPD Detect
  EAPD 0x2: EAPD
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x00:
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 2
     0x02* 0x03
Node 0x17 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Control: name="Speaker Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x00 0x00]
  Pincap 0x0001001c: OUT HP EAPD Detect
  EAPD 0x2: EAPD
  Pin Default 0x90170110: [Fixed] Speaker at Int N/A
    Conn = Analog, Color = Unknown
    DefAssociation = 0x1, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 3
     0x02 0x03* 0x06
Node 0x18 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400481: Stereo
  Pincap 0x00000024: IN Detect
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x00:
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x19 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40048b: Stereo Amp-In
  Control: name="Mic Boost Volume", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=In, idx=0, ofs=0
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
  Amp-In vals:  [0x01 0x01]
  Pincap 0x00003724: IN Detect
    Vref caps: HIZ 50 GRD 80 100
  Pin Default 0x03a19030: [Jack] Mic at Ext Left
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Pink
    DefAssociation = 0x3, Sequence = 0x0
  Pin-ctls: 0x24: IN VREF_80
  Unsolicited: tag=02, enabled=1
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x1a [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40048b: Stereo Amp-In
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
  Amp-In vals:  [0x00 0x00]
  Pincap 0x00003724: IN Detect
    Vref caps: HIZ 50 GRD 80 100
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x00: VREF_HIZ
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x1b [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058f: Stereo Amp-In Amp-Out
  Amp-In caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x03, stepsize=0x27, mute=0
  Amp-In vals:  [0x00 0x00]
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x80 0x80]
  Pincap 0x00013734: IN OUT EAPD Detect
    Vref caps: HIZ 50 GRD 80 100
  EAPD 0x2: EAPD
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN VREF_HIZ
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 2
     0x02* 0x03
Node 0x1c [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono
Node 0x1d [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400400: Mono
  Pincap 0x00000020: IN
  Pin Default 0x40493b6d: [N/A] SPDIF Out at Ext N/A
    Conn = XLR, Color = Blue
    DefAssociation = 0x6, Sequence = 0xd
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x1e [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400581: Stereo
  Pincap 0x00000014: OUT Detect
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x40: OUT
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 1
     0x06
Node 0x1f [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x400681: Stereo Digital
  Pincap 0x00000024: IN Detect
  Pin Default 0x411111f0: [N/A] Speaker at Ext Rear
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Black
    DefAssociation = 0xf, Sequence = 0x0
    Misc = NO_PRESENCE
  Pin-ctls: 0x20: IN
  Unsolicited: tag=00, enabled=0
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
Node 0x20 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00040: Mono
  Processing caps: benign=0, ncoeff=130
Node 0x21 [Pin Complex] wcaps 0x40058d: Stereo Amp-Out
  Control: name="Headphone Playback Switch", index=0, device=0
    ControlAmp: chs=3, dir=Out, idx=0, ofs=0
  Amp-Out caps: ofs=0x00, nsteps=0x00, stepsize=0x00, mute=1
  Amp-Out vals:  [0x00 0x00]
  Pincap 0x0001001c: OUT HP EAPD Detect
  EAPD 0x2: EAPD
  Pin Default 0x03214020: [Jack] HP Out at Ext Left
    Conn = 1/8, Color = Green
    DefAssociation = 0x2, Sequence = 0x0
  Pin-ctls: 0xc0: OUT HP
  Unsolicited: tag=01, enabled=1
  Power states:  D0 D1 D2 D3 EPSS
  Power: setting=D0, actual=D0
  Connection: 2
     0x02* 0x03
Node 0x22 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
  Connection: 4
     0x19* 0x1a 0x1b 0x12
Node 0x23 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
  Connection: 4
     0x19* 0x1a 0x1b 0x13
Node 0x24 [Audio Selector] wcaps 0x300101: Stereo
  Connection: 3
     0x12* 0x13 0x18
Node 0x25 [Vendor Defined Widget] wcaps 0xf00000: Mono

spci -k | grep -A 3 Audio

01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation Device 2f80 (rev a1)
    Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device 0000
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
--
6a:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Rembrandt Radeon High Definition Audio Controller
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Rembrandt Radeon High Definition Audio Controller
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
6a:00.2 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 19h PSP/CCP
--
6a:00.5 Multimedia controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] ACP/ACP3X/ACP6x Audio Coprocessor (rev 62)
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] ACP/ACP3X/ACP6x Audio Coprocessor
    Kernel driver in use: snd_rpl_pci_acp6x
    Kernel modules: snd_pci_acp3x, snd_rn_pci_acp3x, snd_pci_acp5x, snd_pci_acp6x, snd_acp_pci, snd_rpl_pci_acp6x, snd_pci_ps, snd_sof_amd_renoir, snd_sof_amd_rembrandt, snd_sof_amd_vangogh, snd_sof_amd_acp63, snd_sof_amd_acp70
6a:00.6 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h/19h HD Audio Controller
    DeviceName: Realtek ALC245
    Subsystem: Micro-Star International Co., Ltd. [MSI] Family 17h/19h HD Audio Controller
    Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
    Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
6b:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 15b8

lsmod | grep -E "snd_soc|acp|dmic"

snd_sof_amd_acp70      16384  0
snd_sof_amd_acp63      16384  0
snd_sof_amd_acp        61440  5 snd_sof_amd_acp70,snd_sof_amd_rembrandt,snd_sof_amd_vangogh,snd_sof_amd_acp63,snd_sof_amd_renoir
snd_sof_pci            24576  5 snd_sof_amd_acp70,snd_sof_amd_rembrandt,snd_sof_amd_vangogh,snd_sof_amd_acp63,snd_sof_amd_renoir
snd_sof_xtensa_dsp     12288  1 snd_sof_amd_acp
snd_sof               393216  2 snd_sof_amd_acp,snd_sof_pci
snd_soc_acpi_amd_match     8192  2 snd_sof_amd_acp63,snd_pci_ps
snd_amd_sdw_acpi       16384  2 snd_sof_amd_acp,snd_pci_ps
soundwire_amd          45056  2 snd_sof_amd_acp,snd_pci_ps
snd_soc_sdca           12288  1 soundwire_bus
snd_soc_core          425984  2 snd_sof,soundwire_amd
snd_compress           36864  1 snd_soc_core
snd_intel_sdw_acpi     16384  1 snd_intel_dspcfg
ac97_bus               12288  1 snd_soc_core
snd_pcm_dmaengine      16384  1 snd_soc_core
snd_rpl_pci_acp6x      16384  0
snd_acp_pci            12288  0
snd_acp_legacy_common    16384  1 snd_acp_pci
snd_pci_acp6x          16384  0
snd_pcm               192512  14 snd_sof_amd_acp,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_pci_acp6x,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_sof,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_sof_utils,soundwire_amd,snd_hda_core,snd_pci_ps,snd_pcm_dmaengine
snd_pci_acp5x          16384  0
snd_rn_pci_acp3x       16384  0
snd_acp_config         20480  10 snd_rn_pci_acp3x,snd_sof_amd_acp70,snd_pci_acp6x,snd_pci_acp5x,snd_sof_amd_rembrandt,snd_sof_amd_vangogh,snd_sof_amd_acp63,snd_acp_pci,snd_pci_ps,snd_sof_amd_renoir
snd                   143360  25 snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_seq,snd_seq_device,snd_hda_codec_hdmi,snd_hwdep,snd_hda_intel,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_codec_realtek,snd_sof,snd_timer,snd_compress,snd_soc_core,snd_pcm,snd_rawmidi
snd_soc_acpi           16384  3 snd_sof_amd_acp,snd_acp_config,snd_pci_ps
snd_pci_acp3x          16384  0
i2c_hid_acpi           12288  0
i2c_hid                40960  1 i2c_hid_acpi

cat /proc/asound/cards

0 [NVidia         ]: HDA-Intel - HDA NVidia
                      HDA NVidia at 0xbc080000 irq 138
 1 [Generic        ]: HDA-Intel - HD-Audio Generic
                      HD-Audio Generic at 0xbc9c8000 irq 139
 2 [Generic_1      ]: HDA-Intel - HD-Audio Generic
                      HD-Audio Generic at 0xbc9c0000 irq 140

What I’ve Tried: Using hdajackretask from alsa-tools-gui to ‘override’ 0x13 and 0x18 to ‘Internal microphone’ did not help. Internal microphone - Family 17h/19h HD Audio Controller appeared in settings but the loudness bar did not move while I was yelling.

We have an Ubuntu 22.04 server on which there is a Postgres database. During the after done (afternoon?? After patching the kernel??) the kernel patch team rebooted the server and the database crashed. This is the second time we have faced this issue, and the database team has not made any database backup, but they have shut down the database services properly.

Now I want to find out why the database got corrupted again and again. Previously I had suggested making a full database backup before the kernel patch and backing it up both times. They are relying on a vnsnapshot (VM snapshot??) only.

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Im running lxqt session in noble. For checking the charging my PS5 controller

I made a custom command that shows me if bat of PS5 controlleris full through upower.

[customcommand]
alignment=Right
click=
command=upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_ps_controller_battery_14o3ao9ao34oc2o06 |grep percent|awk {'print $2'}
icon=
outputImage=false
repeatTimer=300
text=%1
type=customcommand

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Current single boot method

Older multiboot method

Edit:

Thank you to karel for responding, basically I had to to set up my paritions in a very specific way according to those post to allow for booting with BIOS and UEFI. I am aware of tools to create multiboot usb drives, but if I use that tool will it ruin the way I had to set up my USB to be compatible with BIOS and UEFI? Should I resize my ext4 to unformated space and then use the multi boot tool on that space? Sorry, I am relatively new to live usbs and this project may be a bit advanced for me.

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In WSL, writing to /dev/console goes nowhere apparent. What happens to things written there? This question is generally to clarify the role of virtual consoles in WSL and hvc0.

A 2010 post with no responses asks

I would like to get some information regrading the hvc0 terminal. A search on the web hasn't came with useful stuff.

And it is thinly discussed in any StackExchange questions; one of the only is https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/10857/what-is-hvc0-appearing-in-who-list

In Ubuntu running on Virtualbox,

virtualbox$ cat /proc/consoles
tty0                 -WU (EC  p  )    4:3
virtualbox$ echo hello | sudo dd of=/dev/console status=none
hello                                                                                                                                           virtualbox$ echo hello | sudo dd of=/dev/tty0 status=none
hello
virtualbox$ tty
/dev/tty3
virtualbox$ fgconsole
3
virtualbox$ cat /sys/class/tty/tty0/active
tty3                                                                                                                                               virtualbox$ echo hello | dd of=/dev/tty3 status=none
hello
virtualbox$ sudo cat /dev/vcs3 > out

The above session typescript is made with the last command in it.

In WSL, writing to /dev/console goes nowhere apparent. If the answer is to run strace, like

echo hello | sudo strace dd of=/dev/console

where is the "interesting" part of the output, which is a bunch of UTF stuff, mmap, fstat, open and close.

There is no /dev/tty0 or /dev/vcs0, but instead /dev/hvc0.

wsl$ cat /proc/consoles
hvc0                 -W- (EC p  )  229:0

In WSL, despite not being able to access virtual consoles like in usual Linux, we can write and read to them:

wsl$ echo hello | sudo dd of=/dev/tty1 status=none
wsl$ sudo cat /dev/vcs1

Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS laptop tty1                                                                                                                                  laptop login: hello

The following seems to mean that tty1 is "populated" with a login screen (by systemd getty?), that is we can see the login by reading /dev/vcs1 but we see nothing reading /dev/vcs2.

wsl$ cat /sys/class/tty/tty0/active
tty1
wsl$ fgconsole
Couldn't get a file descriptor referring to the console.

However we can indeed write to /dev/tty2 and then read from /dev/vcs2:

wsl$ echo hello | sudo dd of=/dev/tty2 status=none
wsl$ sudo cat /dev/vcs2
hello

I use thunderbird as an email client and firefox is my default browser.

I did an fresh install of thunderbird and now thunderbird opens links in Chromium instead of firefox, which is quite annoying.
I use kubuntu 24.04 as OS

What I did so far:
I checked in the system settings tat FF is indeed my default browser.

in TB Settings "files and attachments" https is set to system handler

When I open the configurations editor I see several settings, whose name contains "chrome" in some way, but I don't know what I have to change and if this is te right place to change things.

Other questions on that topic here are older than 12 years, so they won't help here I guess.

After upgrade from Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04, when I ran unattended-upgrade (with, e.g., the command sudo unattended-upgrade --dry-run --debug), I got the following error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/unattended-upgrade", line 83, in <module>
    import apt_inst
AttributeError: module 'apt_pkg' has no attribute 'Warning'

I tried with different approaches like reinstalling:

sudo apt dist-upgrade
sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt remove --purge unattended-upgrades
sudo apt install unattended-upgrades

or reinstalling python3-apt with sudo apt install --reinstall python3-apt and:

sudo find /usr -name '*.pyc' -delete
sudo apt remove --purge python3-apt
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt clean
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3-apt
sudo find /usr -name '*.pyc' -delete
sudo apt remove --purge python3-apt
sudo apt --fix-broken install
sudo apt install -f
sudo dpkg --configure -a

or downloading it:

wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/u/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades_2.9.1+nmu6ubuntu1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i unattended-upgrades_2.9.1+nmu6ubuntu1_all.deb
sudo apt --fix-broken install

But the error persists. Any idea of what is going on and how to solve it?

EDIT:

The output of apt policy python3-apt is:

python3-apt:
  Installed: 2.7.7ubuntu5.2
  Candidate: 2.7.7ubuntu5.2
  Version table:
 *** 2.7.7ubuntu5.2 500
        500 http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.7.7ubuntu5.1 500
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble-security/main amd64 Packages
     2.7.7ubuntu1 500
        500 http://ar.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu noble/main amd64 Packages

Recently I buy new thinkpad e14 gen7 with intel 255h after installing ubuntu 24.04 the fan is never stop workîng i upgrade the bios to R30ET38W 1.12 and always same problem. I try to check diffrent discussions and diffrent websites but is always same problem

I'm using KDE as my main desktop environment. Since upgrading to Ubuntu 25.10, I can no longer share my screen whatever the app I'm using, Firefox (the .deb one), snap or flatpak for Slack or Teams. The feature just does not work at all and I can't do it.

I know that now Wayland is the only way, but I would expect that this screen sharing issue was solved in a reliable fashion to enforce the switch. How can I have any app doing screen sharing from Ubuntu 25.10?

Edit: I can now sometime share stuff, but the UI to select something to share is very flimsy and sometime disappears quicker than I can use it to select a window to share making it a very bad experience.

When I connected my 1-year-old SATA hard drive from my old PC to my new PC, at first everything worked. Then I wanted to format it and went into the Disks program. There I selected the "Format Disk" option, then I selected "ATA Enhanced Secure Erase" for Erase and "No partitioning" for the Partitioning option. It formatted for a while, but after about 6 hours the process spontaneously stopped.

After restarting my computer, I wanted the hard disk to be formatted further, but then this error occurred:

Error formatting disk
Error wiping device: Failed to probe the device '/dev/sdb' (udisks-error-quark,0)

I tried the fsck command which also returned an error.

$ sudo fsck -f /dev/sdb
fsck from util-linux 2.36.1
e2fsck 1.45.7 (28-Jan-2021)
fsck.ext2: Input/output error while trying to open /dev/sdb

The superblock could not be read or does not describe a valid ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem.  If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2/ext3/ext4
filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock
is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock:
    e2fsck -b 8193 <device>
 or
    e2fsck -b 32768 <device>

Output from sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sdb:

sudo fdisk -lu /dev/sdb
fdisk: cannot open /dev/sdb: Input/output error

I recently switched from Windows to Ubuntu. I've got a problem of SD card partitioning. I ran the sudo fdisk /dev/sdc1 command and tried to manage it. I want only a single partition of 32 GB so that my SD card works normally on any PC. Here are the details of the current state of my SD card.

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sdc1        5619583  5619583        1  512B  5 Extended

Please help me by telling the commands so that I can achieve the desired result.

It currently has 1 sector of type extended and my SD card is not detected on either Windows or Linux.

I have Ubuntu installed on a usb drive for a while now. I could not installed it along side Windows because my SSD was in RAID mode and not AHCI, so Ubuntu was not able to detect it. But recently I got a new laptop and switch to AHCI mode with no risk of loosing data because the PC was brand new.

Now Ubuntu can detect my internal SSD, and I want to clone it from my USB drive to a partition of my SSD, alongside Windows 10. I chose to do it with the dd command (I've already used it with success for cloning Ubuntu from one USB key to another), but this time it did not work properly.

I ran a live session of Ubuntu 18.04, plugged the USB key with my Ubuntu on it, and launched GParted in order to create a partition for the cloning operation. I unmount /dev/sdb (my Ubuntu USB key), as well as /dev/nvme01 (the SSD), and launched the command :

sudo dd status=progress if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/nvme01p4 

The process worked quite well, but in GParted the partition nvme01p4 (which is supposed to contain the clone of my Ubuntu) is not correctly detected.

GParted screenshot after running the dd command:

It appears there is a new Ubuntu option in the boot menu, but it leads to a grub console where I don't know what to do.

What did I do wrong?

I had already installation of a Windows 10 / Kubuntu 18.04 dual boot. It was 2 years ago, so I don't exactly remember how was it, but probably first was Windows and then Ubuntu created grub bootloader, (used EFI?) I use also LVM partitions in Linux.

Now I would like to add new installation of Ubuntu 20.04 and here I am stuck. Kubuntu Installer asking for bootloader device and I am not sure what is correct next steps to avoid break my previous boot setup. With new install destination device for new 20.04 I already created PV and VG01, that is not the problem, issue is the bootloader. Do you have any idea? I would like to have all 3 installations: Windows, 18.04 and 20.04

Another question is how to save my current bootloader / grub conf.

Here is screenshot from installation option:

And here is my correct boot setup.

And here are my devices>

Device Start End Sectors SizeType
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 1023999 1021952 499M Windows recovery environment
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1024000 1228799 204800 100M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p3 1228800 1261567 32768 16M Microsoft reserved
/dev/nvme0n1p4 1261568 817877051 816615484 389,4G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p5 817879040 819199999 1320960 645M Windows recovery environment
/dev/nvme0n1p6 819202048 903088127 83886080 40G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p7 903088128 919865343 16777216 8G Linux swap
/dev/nvme0n1p8 919865344 1338396671 418531328 199,6G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p9 1338396672 1645596671 307200000 146,5G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p10 1645596672 2669596671 1024000000 488,3G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p11 2669596672 2874396671 204800000 97,7G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p12 2874396672 3079196671 204800000 97,7G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p13 3079196672 3283996671 204800000 97,7G Linux LVM
/dev/nvme0n1p14 3283996672 3509276671 225280000 107,4G Linux LVM

I also found that grub cfg configuration for my old setup is in /boot/grub/grub.cfg, but in the head is below notice

"It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub"

When I look in /etc/grub.d/ there are some templates, but it looks like it's not reflected my current setup, so I don't know how this auto-gen grub works. (e.g. I don't have any Xen in my current boot menu, but here it is.)

ls /etc/grub.d/
00_header 10_linux 20_memtest86+ 30_uefi-firmware 41_custom
05_debian_theme 20_linux_xen 30_os-prober 40_custom README

When I run ansible command, like this:

ansible -i host all -m ping

I got this warnings:

[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/foreman.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the raw string
within a str or unicode or bytearray object
[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/grafana_annotations.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the
raw string within a str or unicode or bytearray object
[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/hipchat.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the raw string
within a str or unicode or bytearray object
[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/nrdp.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the raw string
within a str or unicode or bytearray object
[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/slack.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the raw string
within a str or unicode or bytearray object
[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/splunk.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the raw string
within a str or unicode or bytearray object
[WARNING]: Skipping plugin (/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ansible/plugins/callback/sumologic.py) as it seems to be invalid: from_buffer() cannot return the address of the raw string
within a str or unicode or bytearray object

Why this happen, and how can I remove this warning?

Server params:
ansible version - 2.9
OS version - Ubuntu 16.04

I'm having a hard time trying to install on my Windows 10 the Grub bootloader. I downloaded the Ubuntu 18.04.4-desktop-amd64 ISO then ran the Ubuntu live session, then I ran this command sudo fdisk -l

SSD:

According to some internet articles I need to shrink my current SSD at least by 400 MB in order to format a boot partition as EFI FAT32 with a proper flag, and with that I will be able to install GRUB there. I have never used a Linux distro before.

Would someone here give me guidance me with proper commands in order to shrink my current drive which has 223 size, but only has a free space of 33 GIB? I only need a 400 MB boot partition.

Once I have installed Grub, finally I would be able to ran the grub configuration to finally fix the HPET of my motherboard firmware among other things.

With GRUB booting Windows, I can access to the configuration of the motherboard firmware allowed in Asrock, and with that force High Event Precision Timing to Disable Cause in a regular way my motherboard firmware is causing issues with HPET forced enable even if I disabled it, so with the GRUB there is a configuration to force HPET to disable, and force the Windows timer to 3.580 MHz.

XFCE 4.14 promises HiDPI support. I'd like to use different DPI settings on my laptop screen and on the external monitor, but I can't find any new features improving this particular situation. So what does "HiDPI support" mean then? Is this for Wayland + XFCE only?

What I did before XFCE 4.14

This seems to work for < 4.14 and for >= 4.14 the same way:

Custom DPI settings in Appearance -> Fonts allows changing scaling of windows for both monitors at the same time:

This works only for one screen unfortunately. The best I could come up with is adding this script as shortcut to toggle between different settings:

if [ $(xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Xft/DPI) = 152 ]
then
    xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Xft/DPI -s 96
else
    xfconf-query -c xsettings -p /Xft/DPI -s 152
fi

Many applications (Firefox, Thunderbird, ...) need to be restarted after changing this setting unfortunately.

What is new but doesn't help

I think the Window scaling option is new (but I'm not sure), but it offers only 1x or 2x scaling for both screens at the same time. This is not helping in my situation.

xrandr

Not sure if this worked too before, but it kind of does now:

xrandr --output eDP-1 --scale "0.5x0.5" 

This sets the Laptop display to a scaling factor 2. But fonts are quite blurry. This does not happen with the Custom DPI setting.

I just found out that my Ubuntu 18.04 machine crashed 20 hrs ago and switched off.

How can I find out why? Is there an event logger?

Thank you for your help!

I recently took the hint and upgraded from 16.04 LTS to 18.04 LTS, but had a nasty surprise when no login screen appeared, and even ctrl-alt F2 and friends didn't work. Fortunately, I was able to ssh in from elsewhere.

Welcome to Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.15.0-33-generic x86_64)

Looking at syslog, I saw that gdm3/wayland tried repeatedly to start org.freedesktop.systemd1 and it would immediately fail (exit 1). A message like this would be repeated over and over in syslog.

Aug 30 09:13:38 pabst /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-wayland-session[1442]: dbus-daemon[1444]: [session uid=127 pid=1444] Activating service name='org.freedesktop.systemd1' requested by ':1.0' (uid=127 pid=1442 comm="/usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-wayland-session gnome-session --" label="unconfined")
Aug 30 09:13:38 pabst /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-wayland-session[1442]: dbus-daemon[1444]: [session uid=127 pid=1444] Activated service 'org.freedesktop.systemd1' failed: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Aug 30 09:13:38 pabst /usr/lib/gdm3/gdm-wayland-session[1442]: Unable to register display with display manager
Aug 30 09:13:38 pabst gdm3: Child process -1442 was already dead.
Aug 30 09:13:38 pabst gdm3: Child process 1439 was already dead.
Aug 30 09:13:38 pabst gdm3: Unable to kill session worker process

Seeing advice elsewhere, I tried using "ubuntu-drivers autoinstall" which installed the recommended nvidia-driver-390. That didn't help.

I also tried disabling Wayland in a configuration file, but also no good.

I purged the Nvidia driver and tried with nouveau. Still no dice.

Then I installed nvidia-340 which at least sets the screen resolution correctly (as seen using "xinit" which brings up an xterm without a display manager).

Then I installed xdm, and made "xdm" the default greeter (it was part of the configuration when xdm was installed).

Now a login screen appears (and ctrl-alt F2 and friends work) but if I try to log on, it waits a bit after the login and then bumps back to the login screen.

.xsession-errors shows no serious problems.

But syslog shows that gnome-session-binary is trying to start org.freedesktop.systemd1 which (of course) fails again, which makes the required Gnome Shell.desktop die which causes the whole shebang fail (after lots of futile tries).

The sad ending to the story:

Aug 30 11:40:12 pabst dbus-daemon[3966]: [session uid=820 pid=3964] Activated service 'org.freedesktop.systemd1' failed: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Aug 30 11:40:12 pabst gnome-keyring-secrets.desktop[4042]: GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL=/home/john/.cache/keyring-DFQHOZ
Aug 30 11:40:12 pabst gnome-keyring-secrets.desktop[4042]: SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/home/john/.cache/keyring-DFQHOZ/ssh
Aug 30 11:40:12 pabst org.gnome.Shell.desktop[4057]: Window manager warning: Unsupported session type
Aug 30 11:40:12 pabst gnome-session[3926]: gnome-session-binary[3926]: WARNING: App 'org.gnome.Shell.desktop' exited with code 1
Aug 30 11:40:12 pabst gnome-session-binary[3926]: WARNING: App 'org.gnome.Shell.desktop' exited with code 1
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst org.gnome.Shell.desktop[4060]: Window manager warning: Unsupported session type
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session[3926]: gnome-session-binary[3926]: WARNING: App 'org.gnome.Shell.desktop' exited with code 1
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session[3926]: gnome-session-binary[3926]: WARNING: App 'org.gnome.Shell.desktop' respawning too quickly
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session[3926]: gnome-session-binary[3926]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session-binary[3926]: Unrecoverable failure in required component org.gnome.Shell.desktop
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session-binary[3926]: WARNING: App 'org.gnome.Shell.desktop' exited with code 1
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session-binary[3926]: WARNING: App 'org.gnome.Shell.desktop' respawning too quickly
Aug 30 11:40:13 pabst gnome-session-binary[3926]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....

So: (1) Can org.freedesktop.systemd1 be fixed? Is there any way to see why it's failing? or if it's unfixable (2) Is there a way to have gnome use something other than org.freedesktop.systemd1 ? or (3) Is there a display manager I can use on Ubuntu bionic that doesn't use any gnome stuff?

I tried to install Ubuntu 18.04 as a second OS, but now neither of them is booting anymore. While boot "System BootOrder not found. Initializing defaults. Boot System." is displayed.

System BootOrder not found. Initializing defaults. 
Boot System.

I followed this guide and created two (/ and /home) partitions like in the screenshot below:

Because it did not work and displayed this:

grub-efi-amd64-signed failed installation /target/

I found this solution to create a third FAT32 boot/esp partition to successfully install grub and Ubuntu, but now I can't boot either of them.

Some more screenshots:

^{Boot menu}

^{UEFI boot settings}

Did I mess with the bootloader/MBR, and why did I need to create the esp/boot partition to install grub?

Additional information:

Secure boot configuration:

I have a USB that I'd like to use for a live disk. The problem is that it has a read-only partition on it. I've tried everything I can find to remove this read-only partition, but nothing worked. Below are the things I've tried:

• sudo fdisk /dev/sdc
• sudo mkfs -t vfat /dev/sdc1
• sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdc1 /test
• sudo fsck.vfat -f -p /dev/sdc1
• dosfsck -a /dev/sdc

Everything I try always returns a failure that the disk is read-only. Do you have any thoughts?

I installed Kubuntu 16.04 on my desktop, which had Windows 8.1 installed. The dual boot options appear, but when I try to boot into Kubuntu, I get stuck at an (initramfs) _ prompt in the terminal. Booting with a live USB, sudo fdisk -lu returns this:

Disk /dev/sdb: 931.5 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x730c4ee9

Device     Boot      Start        End    Sectors   Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1  *          2048     206847     204800   100M  7 HPFS/NTFS        /exFAT
/dev/sdb2           206848 1502089214 1501882367 716.2G  7 HPFS/NTFS        /exFAT
/dev/sdb3       1952602112 1953521663     919552   449M 27 Hidden NTFS     WinRE
/dev/sdb4       1502089215 1952602111  450512897 214.8G  5 Extended
/dev/sdb5       1502089216 1919082495  416993280 198.9G 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6       1919084544 1952602111   33517568    16G 82 Linux swap /     Solaris

Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Partition table entries are not in disk order.

I have recently installing OpenCV 3.0.0 with the help of script "install-opencv.sh" I have used the command sudo bash install-opencv.sh

Errors are below:

wget: unable to resolve host address 'github.com'
unzip:  cannot find or open 3.1.0.zip, 3.1.0.zip.zip or 3.1.0.zip.ZIP.
rm: cannot remove ‘3.1.0.zip’: No such file or directory
mv: cannot stat ‘opencv-3.1.0’: No such file or directory
install-opencv.sh: line 43: cd: OpenCV1: No such file or directory
CMake Error: The source directory "/home/neo" does not appear to contain CMakeLists.txt.

Script is below:

# Keep Ubuntu or Debian up-to-date.

sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y upgrade
sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get -y autoremove

# Install the dependencies.

# Build tools:
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential cmake

# GUI:
sudo apt-get install -y qt5-default libvtk6-dev

# Media I/O:
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev libjpeg-dev libwebp-dev libpng-dev libtiff5-dev libjasper-dev libopenexr-dev libgdal-dev

# Video I/O:
sudo apt-get install -y libdc1394-22-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev libxvidcore-dev libx264-dev yasm libopencore-amrnb-dev libopencore-amrwb-dev libv4l-dev libxine2-dev

# Parallelism and linear algebra libraries:
sudo apt-get install -y libtbb-dev libeigen3-dev

# Python:
sudo apt-get install -y python-dev python-tk python-numpy python3-dev python3-tk python3-numpy

# Java:
sudo apt-get install -y ant default-jdk

# Documentation:
sudo apt-get install -y doxygen

# Install the library (You can change '3.0.0' for the last stable version.)

sudo apt-get install -y unzip wget
wget https://github.com/Itseez/opencv/archive/3.1.0.zip
unzip 3.1.0.zip
rm 3.1.0.zip
mv opencv-3.1.0 OpenCV1
cd OpenCV1
mkdir build
cd build
cmake -DWITH_QT=ON -DWITH_OPENGL=ON -DFORCE_VTK=ON -DWITH_TBB=ON -DWITH_GDAL=ON -DWITH_XINE=ON -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=ON ..
make -j4
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig

# Execute some OpenCV examples and compile a demonstration.
# To complete this step, please visit 'http://milq.github.io/install-opencv-ubuntu-debian'.

I am running Trusty with gnome in crouton on a Toshiba Chromebook 2. I installed higan, and it reports: "Error: OpenGL 3.2 is not available." I googled this, and apparently the problem may be related to some weird way that OpenGL reports its version, distinguishing between "version" and "core profile version". I have no idea what this means.

Here's my glxinfo and mesa-related packages. Please let me know if any more info would help.

$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL:

OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Bay Trail 
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 10.1.3
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 10.1.3
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:

$ dpkg -l | grep -i mesa:

ii  libegl1-mesa:amd64                    10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        free implementation of the EGL API -- runtime
ii  libegl1-mesa-drivers:amd64            10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        free implementation of the EGL API -- hardware drivers
ii  libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64                 10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        free implementation of the OpenGL API -- DRI modules
ii  libgl1-mesa-glx:amd64                 10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        free implementation of the OpenGL API -- GLX runtime
ii  libglapi-mesa:amd64                   10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        free implementation of the GL API -- shared library
ii  libglu1-mesa:amd64                    9.0.0-2                              amd64        Mesa OpenGL utility library (GLU)
ii  libopenvg1-mesa:amd64                 10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        free implementation of the OpenVG API -- runtime
ii  libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0:amd64               0~git20131104-1.1                    amd64        Texture compression library for Mesa
ii  libwayland-egl1-mesa:amd64            10.1.3-0ubuntu0.1                    amd64        implementation of the Wayland EGL platform -- runtime
ii  mesa-utils                            8.1.0-2                              amd64        Miscellaneous Mesa GL utilities

By exactly following this post, I was able to install gcc 3.4 on a fresh install of Ubuntu 14.04. But, when I try to compile a program, it fails with the following error:

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crt1.o: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find crti.o: No such file or directory
/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

I've looked at this answer and installed build-essential but that did not resolve the issue. I still get the same error.

Also, I installed the dependencies for g++-3.4 before installing it:

sudo apt-get build-dep g++-3.4

UPDATE:

Trying gcc-3.4 -B/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu hello.c removes the first two errors.

/usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lgcc_s
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status

UPDATE 2:

I read this post and tried it out on my system like below but it did not help:

gcc-3.4 -B /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/3.4.6/ hello.c

I am wanting to download an tar.gz archive, extract it and compress it into a zip file in one command. Reason for this is to be independent from temporary files.

The command I use:

curl -L "someURL" | tar xOzf - | zip -qr > /home/username/filename.zip

gives me a zip File that contains a file named -.

Removing the - from the tar command leaves me with an zip file only containing a small portion of the downloaded file, while beeing a very large archive.

Maybe I am missing something out here...

I have Windows 8.1 installed on my laptop. I want to install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8.1 as a dual boot. I have burned Ubuntu 14.04 to a USB flash drive, but when I restart my laptop and go to the boot menu Ubuntu cannot boot from USB. I have made a separate partition of 20 GB. Please help me to install from the USB. I have also tried Wubi for 12.04, but it gives an error.

Update:

I have done booting from USB helping with answers. and now on installation step, when I choice Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 8", I have no Continue option button to continue the installation.

Here is the screenshot of this step:

I'm running Ubuntu 12.04.2 32 bits.

The error doesn't show up if I start gksudo virt-manager.

• libvirt-bin is installed.
• I don't know how to check for the daemon.
• I am a member of libvirtd.

Output of ps ax | grep libvirt:

9225 ? Sl 0:04 /usr/sbin/libvirtd -d
9302 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -u libvirt-dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/var/run/libvirt/network/default.pid --conf-file= --except-interface lo --listen-address 192.168.122.1 --dhcp-range 192.168.122.2,192.168.122.254 --dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.leases --dhcp-lease-max=253 --dhcp-no-override`

Output of ls -l /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock:

srwxrwx--- 1 root libvirtd 0 Set 13 15:04 /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock

Output of getent group libvirtd:

 libvirtd:x:130:OTHERUSER,MYUSER

Detailed error message

Unable to connect to libvirt.   
Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': Permission denied

Verify that:
 - The 'libvirt-bin' package is installed
 - The 'libvirtd' daemon has been started
 - You are member of the 'libvirtd' group

Libvirt URI is: qemu:///system

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/connection.py", line 1185, in _open_thread
    self.vmm = self._try_open()
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/connection.py", line 1167, in _try_open
    flags)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/libvirt.py", line 102, in openAuth
    if ret is None:raise libvirtError('virConnectOpenAuth() failed')
libvirtError: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': Permission denied

Basically as the title says, I haven't any idea how I am to install network drivers onto my Dell Poweredge 2950 II. I am a complete noob when it comes to command line and its operations.

Just to add-to this, considering that drivers may not be the issue, I plug in the ethernet cable in both of the ports in the back. A red light blinks when there is no internet connection. When plugging in the cable it continues to blink, but the cable responds with the nic with a solid green light on the left and a yellowish/orange blinking on the right.

Using 13.04

If I leave out any required information please tell me.

EDIT: Ethernet = https://i.sstatic.net/q41uY.jpg

Results of sudo ifconfig = https://i.sstatic.net/KAYD9.png