Ubuntu to windows https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568273/ubuntu-to-windows

I switched to Ubuntu and noticed that I couldn't play games well on it, so I decided to switch back to Windows. Now, when I go into the boot menu, it doesn't show my SSD. I contacted Windows support, and they told me to ask someone from Ubuntu or Linux for help. The SSD does show up in the BIOS menu, but when I try to install Windows, it doesn't appear.

I have an Acer PC.

I also tried using Intel RST, but it didn't work.

Upgraded to 24.04 and been working but then mouse/trackpad/and laptop touch pad all locked, then it shuts itself off https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568270/upgraded-to-24-04-and-been-working-but-then-mouse-trackpad-and-laptop-touch-pad

Dell Inspiron 5755 Upgraded from 20.04 to 22.04 (had a little trouble there with a package) and then upgraded from 22.04 to 24.04

Upgraded yesterday. Didn't have a problem with mouse/trackpad/and laptop touch pad Today, I'm using Firefox and the mouse arrow locked. mouse/trackpad/and laptop touch pad all didn't work.

Then all by itself it shuts itself off.

I have a wired Elecom mouse and a Keymecher touchpad. (I have hand problems is why)

So restart it and it's self-evident with the question that it is working (so far). I didn't even have the time to unplug the USB mouse/touchpad. This only (so far) happened while in Firefox. The windows would blank out a couple of times, lock the mouse/trackpad/and laptop touch pad and then shut itself off.

USB Drive Issues (Ubuntu 26.04 Live Media) https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568269/usb-drive-issues-ubuntu-26-04-live-media

So I have a 128 GB Memorex drive i bought from walmart years ago. Its been working fine, i can transfer files and back fine. But i cant get live media working all the sudden. It just hangs on the booting screen after i select try or install ubuntu. its not just a ubuntu thing for me. same on kubuntu. ive tried it multiple different times and still no. some help on how to fix this. I'm on a Acer Nitro 5 AN515-57-5700 NH.QESAA.004. Live was booting before though. but now no. it seems to suceed but never open the gui. (verified them also)

USB-Wifi-Adapter DWA-131 with Ubuntu Desktop 26.04 LTS https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568268/usb-wifi-adapter-dwa-131-with-ubuntu-desktop-26-04-lts

How do I get the USB-Wifi-Adapter Working? lsusb says:

Bus 003 Device 003: ID 07d1:3303 D-Link System DWA-131 802.11n Wireless N Nano Adapter(rev.A1) [Realtek RTL8192SU]

I tried the steps below outlined in answer to question 745697 in 2016, but the make command failed with two errors, starting with a compiler version warning: "the compiler differs from the one used to build the kernel The kernel was built by: x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 You are using: gcc (Ubuntu 15.2.0-16ubuntu1) 15.2.0 warning: pahole version differs from the one used to build the kernel The kernel was built with: 131 You are using: 0"

Any hints? here's the guide from 2016:

sudo apt-get install git build-essential
git clone https://github.com/chunkeey/rtl8192su.git
cd rtl8192su
make
sudo make load
problem updating VideoDownloader link to python 3.11 https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568266/problem-updating-videodownloader-link-to-python-3-11

I installed 3.11 only my OS (22.04) but VideoDownloader still comes up with an error and seems to point or link to 3.10

Anyone know how I change this (or where the videodownloader config is)

nvidia driver problem on ubuntu 26.04 LTS https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568258/nvidia-driver-problem-on-ubuntu-26-04-lts

1. nvidia graphic driver is not installing properly on ubuntu os.

2. nvidia graphic card is not supporting correctly. without full support of nvidia gpu the os is not complete enough.

How do I restore the files (only) to the root directory of an installed Ubuntu 26.04? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568257/how-do-i-restore-the-files-only-to-the-root-directory-of-an-installed-ubuntu-2

I was setting up a backup program for my newly installed Ubuntu 26.04 when I accidentally deleted all the files (and symlinks) which reside in the root folder of my system. No folders were deleted or changed. I don't have a backup because I haven't set that up yet.

How do I restore those files and links so that the system will boot again?

I can run the demonstration mode of the installation USB to just copy or create what is necessary.

Not enough free hard disk space [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568256/not-enough-free-hard-disk-space

My Kubuntu system can't figure out how much free space is left on my hard drive. There are three sources (as shown in the screenshots), and they all provide different information. I'm inclined to believe that I should have around 190-200 GB of free space, but the installer won't let me install files larger than the claimed 160 GB. Where did the other 40 GB go?

How to format DVD-R with equivalent of Windows "Live File System"? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568255/how-to-format-dvd-r-with-equivalent-of-windows-live-file-system

From what I gather, the main feature of Windows "Live File System" is not a Windows thing, but actually a feature of UDF revision 1.50 (1997). It added support for the "Virtual Allocation Table" (VAT), which allowed packet writing; that is, you can sort of treat the CD-R/DVD-R, which are WORM (Write Once, Read Many) as a rewriteable filesystem (not disc, filesystem).

Given this apparent generality, I imagine Linux does support this. However, I only found this, but it seems weird, since I found no udftools service nor the file where it says to be present. And I also suspect pktsetup (of Debian package udftools) has something to do with this, although I do not get its language nor explanation.

So! How do I do this?

I need help with support for TP-Link UB600 Bluetooth Dongle on Kubuntu 26.04 please https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568248/i-need-help-with-support-for-tp-link-ub600-bluetooth-dongle-on-kubuntu-26-04-ple

I've been trying to get my UB600 Bluetooth dongle to work, however it seems that it's not compatible out of the box. In fact, there's only 1 place with a solution how to get it to work however it seems the explanation on how to do it goes over my head. I've tried using what they gave me in konsole but some things just error and I can't seem to get around that. The fix I've been attempting is this. The issue I'm having is, it detects the Bluetooth dongle, but the computer is then unable to detect any Bluetooth devices at all. The lsusb is exactly as shown on that link as is the journalctl.

Results of lsusb | grep -i 'tp-link':

Bus 001 Device 012: ID 37ad:0600  TP-Link Bluetooth USB Adapter

Results of journalctl:

usb 1-1: new full-speed USB device number 12 using xhci_hcd
usb 1-1: New USB device found, idVendor=37ad, idProduct=0600, bcdDevice= 2.00
usb 1-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
usb 1-1: Product: TP-Link Bluetooth USB Adapter
usb 1-1: Manufacturer:
usb 1-1: SerialNumber: 18694530DB8B
Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23

I ran sudo dmesg | grep -i bluetooth and got this:

server@server-z87hd3:~$ sudo dmesg | grep -i bluetooth
[sudo] password for server: 
[647887.635955] usb 1-1: Product: TP-Link Bluetooth USB Adapter
[647887.709668] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23
[648046.220743] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: examining hci_ver=0a hci_rev=000b lmp_ver=0a lmp_subver=8761
[648046.221733] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: rom_version status=0 version=1
[648046.222744] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: btrtl_initialize: key id 0
[648046.222748] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: loading rtl_bt/rtl8761bu_fw.bin
[648046.224331] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: loading rtl_bt/rtl8761bu_config.bin
[648046.224378] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: cfg_sz 6, total sz 30210
[648046.376751] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: fw version 0xdfc6d922
[648046.443866] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23
[648062.029928] usb 1-1: Product: TP-Link Bluetooth USB Adapter
[648062.105001] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23
[648220.950989] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: examining hci_ver=0a hci_rev=000b lmp_ver=0a lmp_subver=8761
[648220.951983] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: rom_version status=0 version=1
[648220.952966] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: btrtl_initialize: key id 0
[648220.952969] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: loading rtl_bt/rtl8761bu_fw.bin
[648220.953197] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: loading rtl_bt/rtl8761bu_config.bin
[648220.953223] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: cfg_sz 6, total sz 30210
[648221.105982] Bluetooth: hci0: RTL: fw version 0xdfc6d922
[648221.173128] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23
[648256.225222] usb 1-1: Product: TP-Link Bluetooth USB Adapter
[648256.298247] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23
[649742.374342] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23
[682771.713073] usb 1-1: Product: TP-Link Bluetooth USB Adapter
[682771.785356] Bluetooth: MGMT ver 1.23

Is there any chance somebody could explain to me like I'm a 5 year old how to apply that patch, or better yet, create a solution for me? I am running Kubuntu 26.04 on kernel 7.0.0-27-27.

Xubunt26.04: System freezes at startup, warm start works (mostly) https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568245/xubunt26-04-system-freezes-at-startup-warm-start-works-mostly

I have a Dell Inspirion-16-5625 (Ryzen 5625) laptop and a ADATA Legend 800 SSD. I used it with Xubuntu 22.04 and 24.04 without problems. Now I updated to version 26.04 and I have at almost every cold start a system freeze after some time. Sometimes it switches to the boot screen, sometimes I can change to a console where I see a journald message saying that the file system is read only (trying to write in an endless loop), sometimes just freezes.

After a restart I often have to enter my dmcrypt password twice.

I have also Windows 11 installed which works without errors and after a warm start Xubuntu also works, so I think I can exclude any hardware problems.

I already searched in internet and I found some things:

  • The SSD has a wrong implemented advanced power management.
  • The graphics driver says DMCUB error.
  • Read error in getting the edid of my external monitor (ASUS PA258QV)
  • Dracut says the keyboard is in an unknown mode.

I tried everything I found in internet, but it seems that now its nearly at every cold start, before some cold starts worked.

So what I did:

  • Update the PC BIOS
  • Update the SSD firmware
  • I checked the SSD with the ADATA utility in Win11 => no errors
  • Set nvme_core.default_ps_max_latency_us=0 (or another value) in grub
  • Set amdgpu.dcdebugmask=0x10 in grub
  • Set drm.edid_firmware=HDMI-A-1:edid/hdmi.bin in grub
  • Disabling the power saving modes of the SSD

For now I have no more idea what I can do. I will attach the dmesg and journal of the last freeze.

Because you can't attach something I add the logs dmesg startup errors of the last boot:

[Mi,  8. Jul 2026, 23:06:55] ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Could not resolve symbol [\_SB.PCI0.LPC0.EC0], AE_NOT_FOUND (20251212/dswload2-162)

[Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:06:55] ACPI Error: AE_NOT_FOUND, During name lookup/catalog (20251212/psobject-220) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:06:56] tpm tpm0: tpm_read_log_acpi: Failed to map ACPI memory [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:06:57] wmi_bus wmi_bus-PNP0C14:00: [Firmware Bug]: WQBC data block query control method not found [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:06:57] wmi_bus wmi_bus-PNP0C14:00: [Firmware Bug]: WMBD method block execution control method not found [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:06:58] ACPI: button: The lid device is not compliant to SW_LID. [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:24] systemd-journald[1889]: File /var/log/journal/d7ee1c1bceb548c0bb59f69adf62a3f0/system.journal corrupted or uncleanly shut down, renaming and replacing. [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:26] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:28] nvme nvme0: using unchecked data buffer [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:29] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:29] leds platform::micmute: Setting an LED's brightness failed (-5) [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:29] block nvme0n1: No UUID available providing old NGUID [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:29] Bluetooth: hci0: HCI Enhanced Setup Synchronous Connection command is advertised, but not supported. [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:29] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: [drm] Failed to setup vendor infoframe on connector HDMI-A-1: -22 [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:37] kauditd_printk_skb: 257 callbacks suppressed [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:37] amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: [drm] ERROR dc_dmub_srv_log_diagnostic_data: DMCUB error - collecting diagnostic data [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:39] systemd-journald[1889]: File /var/log/journal/d7ee1c1bceb548c0bb59f69adf62a3f0/user-1000.journal corrupted or uncleanly shut down, renaming and replacing. [Mi, 8. Jul 2026, 23:07:52] kauditd_printk_skb: 3 callbacks suppressed

The journald log has 508kByte, so I paste here only the lines containing "error":.

Jul 08 23:04:25 georg-Inspiron-16 systemd[1]: apport-autoreport.path - Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) skipped, unmet condition check ConditionPathExists=/var/lib/apport/autoreport

Jul 08 23:04:25 georg-Inspiron-16 systemd[1]: apport-autoreport.timer - Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) skipped, unmet condition check ConditionPathExists=/var/lib/apport/autoreport Jul 08 23:04:26 georg-Inspiron-16 NetworkManager[4093]: [1783544666.1989] device (p2p-dev-wlp3s0): error setting IPv4 forwarding to '0': Erfolg Jul 08 23:04:26 georg-Inspiron-16 cups.cupsd[4416]: + perl -p -i -e s:^(\s*#)?\sUser\s+\S+\s$:User snap_daemon\n:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sGroup\s+.$:Group snap_daemon:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sSystemGroup\s+.$:SystemGroup lpadmin root:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sAccessLog\s+.$:AccessLog /var/snap/cups/1225/var/log/access_log:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sCacheDir\s+.$:CacheDir /var/snap/cups/1225/var/cache:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sDataDir\s+.$:DataDir /snap/cups/1225/share/cups:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sDocumentRoot\s+.$:DocumentRoot /snap/cups/1225/share/cups/doc:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sErrorLog\s+.$:ErrorLog /var/snap/cups/1225/var/log/error_log:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sFontPath\s+.$:#FontPath (NOT SUPPORTED ANY MORE):; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sPageLog\s+.$:PageLog /var/snap/cups/1225/var/log/page_log:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sPrintcap\s+.$:Printcap /var/snap/cups/common/etc/printcap:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sRequestRoot\s+.$:RequestRoot /var/snap/cups/1225/var/spool:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sServerBin\s+.$:ServerBin /snap/cups/1225/lib/cups:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sServerRoot\s+.$:ServerRoot /var/snap/cups/common/etc/cups:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sStateDir\s+.$:StateDir /var/snap/cups/1225/var/run:; -e s:^(\s*#)?\sTempDir\s+.$:TempDir /var/snap/cups/1225/var/spool/tmp:; /var/snap/cups/common/etc/cups/cups-files.conf Jul 08 23:04:28 georg-Inspiron-16 nordvpnd[4605]: 2026/07/08 23:04:28.893098 libtelio.go:303: [Info] TELIO(v6.2.3): telio::device:511 libtelio is starting up with features : Features { wireguard: FeatureWireguard { persistent_keepalive: FeaturePersistentKeepalive { vpn: Some(25), direct: 10, proxying: Some(125), stun: Some(125) }, polling: FeaturePolling { wireguard_polling_period: 1000, wireguard_polling_period_after_state_change: 50 }, enable_dynamic_wg_nt_control: false, skt_buffer_size: None, inter_thread_channel_size: None, max_inter_thread_batched_pkts: None }, nurse: Some(FeatureNurse { heartbeat_interval: 3600, initial_heartbeat_interval: 300, qos: Some(FeatureQoS { rtt_interval: 300, rtt_tries: 3, rtt_types: [Ping], buckets: 5 }), enable_relay_conn_data: true, enable_nat_traversal_conn_data: true, state_duration_cap: 3600 }), lana: Some(FeatureLana { prod: true }), paths: None, direct: Some(FeatureDirect { providers: None, endpoint_interval_secs: 25, skip_unresponsive_peers: Some(FeatureSkipUnresponsivePeers { no_rx_threshold_secs: 180 }), endpoint_providers_optimization: Some(FeatureEndpointProvidersOptimization { optimize_direct_upgrade_stun: true, optimize_direct_upgrade_upnp: true }), upnp_features: Some(FeatureUpnp { lease_duration_s: 3600 }) }), is_test_env: None, derp: Some(FeatureDerp { tcp_keepalive: Some(125), derp_keepalive: Some(125), poll_keepalive: None, enable_polling: Some(true), use_built_in_root_certificates: false }), validate_keys: FeatureValidateKeys(true), ipv6: false, nicknames: false, firewall: FeatureFirewall { neptun_reset_conns: false, boringtun_reset_conns: false, exclude_private_ip_range: None, outgoing_blacklist: [] }, flush_events_on_stop_timeout_seconds: Some(10), post_quantum_vpn: FeaturePostQuantumVPN { handshake_retry_interval_s: 8, rekey_interval_s: 90, version: 1 }, link_detection: Some(FeatureLinkDetection { rtt_seconds: 15, no_of_pings: 0, use_for_downgrade: false }), dns: FeatureDns { ttl_value: TtlValue(60), exit_dns: None }, multicast: false, batching: None, error_notification_service: Some(FeatureErrorNotificationService { buffer_size: 5, allow_only_pq: false, backoff: Backoff { initial_s: 2, maximal_s: None }, root_certificate_override: None }) } Jul 08 23:04:28 georg-Inspiron-16 nordvpnd[4605]: 2026/07/08 23:04:28.898554 libtelio.go:303: [Info] TELIO(v6.2.3): telio::ffi:300 Telio::new entry. features: Features { wireguard: FeatureWireguard { persistent_keepalive: FeaturePersistentKeepalive { vpn: Some(25), direct: 10, proxying: Some(125), stun: Some(125) }, polling: FeaturePolling { wireguard_polling_period: 1000, wireguard_polling_period_after_state_change: 50 }, enable_dynamic_wg_nt_control: false, skt_buffer_size: None, inter_thread_channel_size: None, max_inter_thread_batched_pkts: None }, nurse: Some(FeatureNurse { heartbeat_interval: 3600, initial_heartbeat_interval: 300, qos: Some(FeatureQoS { rtt_interval: 300, rtt_tries: 3, rtt_types: [Ping], buckets: 5 }), enable_relay_conn_data: true, enable_nat_traversal_conn_data: true, state_duration_cap: 3600 }), lana: Some(FeatureLana { prod: true }), paths: None, direct: Some(FeatureDirect { providers: None, endpoint_interval_secs: 25, skip_unresponsive_peers: Some(FeatureSkipUnresponsivePeers { no_rx_threshold_secs: 180 }), endpoint_providers_optimization: Some(FeatureEndpointProvidersOptimization { optimize_direct_upgrade_stun: true, optimize_direct_upgrade_upnp: true }), upnp_features: Some(FeatureUpnp { lease_duration_s: 3600 }) }), is_test_env: None, derp: Some(FeatureDerp { tcp_keepalive: Some(125), derp_keepalive: Some(125), poll_keepalive: None, enable_polling: Some(true), use_built_in_root_certificates: false }), validate_keys: FeatureValidateKeys(true), ipv6: false, nicknames: false, firewall: FeatureFirewall { neptun_reset_conns: false, boringtun_reset_conns: false, exclude_private_ip_range: None, outgoing_blacklist: [] }, flush_events_on_stop_timeout_seconds: Some(10), post_quantum_vpn: FeaturePostQuantumVPN { handshake_retry_interval_s: 8, rekey_interval_s: 90, version: 1 }, link_detection: Some(FeatureLinkDetection { rtt_seconds: 15, no_of_pings: 0, use_for_downgrade: false }), dns: FeatureDns { ttl_value: TtlValue(60), exit_dns: None }, multicast: false, batching: None, error_notification_service: Some(FeatureErrorNotificationService { buffer_size: 5, allow_only_pq: false, backoff: Backoff { initial_s: 2, maximal_s: None }, root_certificate_override: None }) }. Event_ptr: UniFFICallbackHandlerTelioEventCb { handle: 1 }. Return value: Ok(()) Jul 08 23:04:28 georg-Inspiron-16 nordvpnd[4605]: 2026/07/08 23:04:28.958068 errors.go:20: [Info] [moose] Initialization OK: 3 Jul 08 23:04:29 georg-Inspiron-16 kernel: amdgpu 0000:04:00.0: [drm] ERROR dc_dmub_srv_log_diagnostic_data: DMCUB error - collecting diagnostic data

Unable to recreate a RAID6 with newer mdadm and Ubuntu https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568242/unable-to-recreate-a-raid6-with-newer-mdadm-and-ubuntu

I have an old server, with "mdadm - v3.2.5 - 18th May 2012", on Ubuntu version 12. Before trying to move my 5 disks RAID6 to the new server, I created an image with ddrescue of each disks (3TB per disk).

The new server is Ubuntu 26, with "mdadm - v4.5 - 2025-12-16 - Ubuntu 4.5-5ubuntu1"


On the old server, I can create "loop0-4" devices with losetup. and use the command:

mdadm --create /dev/md123 --assume-clean --level=6 --raid-devices=5 /dev/loop3 /dev/loop2 /dev/loop4 /dev/loop1 /dev/loop0

I can then mount the device and access my data.

I can use mdadm --assemble as well

# mdadm --detail /dev/md123
/dev/md123:
        Version : 1.2
  Creation Time : Tue Jul  7 17:18:35 2026
     Raid Level : raid6
     Array Size : 8790405120 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB)
  Used Dev Size : 2930135040 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB)
   Raid Devices : 5
  Total Devices : 5
    Persistence : Superblock is persistent

    Update Time : Wed Jul  8 11:15:21 2026
          State : clean
 Active Devices : 5
Working Devices : 5
 Failed Devices : 0
  Spare Devices : 0

         Layout : left-symmetric
     Chunk Size : 512K

           Name : cchounas:storagearay  (local to host cchounas)
           UUID : 28d7897a:a42f83bf:200a03b2:ef093da5
         Events : 2

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       7        3        0      active sync   /dev/loop3
       1       7        2        1      active sync   /dev/loop2
       2       7        4        2      active sync   /dev/loop4
       3       7        1        3      active sync   /dev/loop1
       4       7        0        4      active sync   /dev/loop0

Everything is fine.


On the new server, I execute the same commands and it does not work.

Two of the disks are removed!

# mdadm --assemble /dev/md123 --uuid=28d7897a:a42f83bf:200a03b2:ef093da5 --verbose --metadata=1.2 /dev/loop3 /dev/loop2 /dev/loop4 /dev/loop1 /dev/loop0
mdadm: looking for devices for /dev/md123
mdadm: /dev/loop3 is identified as a member of /dev/md123, slot 0.
mdadm: /dev/loop2 is identified as a member of /dev/md123, slot 1.
mdadm: /dev/loop4 is identified as a member of /dev/md123, slot 2.
mdadm: /dev/loop1 is identified as a member of /dev/md123, slot 3.
mdadm: /dev/loop0 is identified as a member of /dev/md123, slot 4.
mdadm: added /dev/loop2 to /dev/md123 as 1
mdadm: added /dev/loop4 to /dev/md123 as 2 (possibly out of date)
mdadm: added /dev/loop1 to /dev/md123 as 3
mdadm: added /dev/loop0 to /dev/md123 as 4 (possibly out of date)
mdadm: added /dev/loop3 to /dev/md123 as 0
mdadm: /dev/md123 has been started with 3 drives (out of 5).
root@chounas:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid4] [raid5] [raid6]
md123 : active raid6 loop3[0] loop1[3] loop2[1]
      8790405120 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [5/3] [UU_U_]

unused devices: <none>
root@chounas:~# mdadm --detail /dev/md123
/dev/md123:
           Version : 1.2
     Creation Time : Tue Jul  7 17:18:35 2026
        Raid Level : raid6
        Array Size : 8790405120 (8.19 TiB 9.00 TB)
     Used Dev Size : 2930135040 (2.73 TiB 3.00 TB)
      Raid Devices : 5
     Total Devices : 3
       Persistence : Superblock is persistent

       Update Time : Wed Jul  8 11:47:09 2026
             State : clean, degraded
    Active Devices : 3
   Working Devices : 3
    Failed Devices : 0
     Spare Devices : 0

            Layout : left-symmetric
        Chunk Size : 512K

Consistency Policy : resync

              Name : cchounas:storagearay
              UUID : 28d7897a:a42f83bf:200a03b2:ef093da5
            Events : 6

    Number   Major   Minor   RaidDevice State
       0       7        3        0      active sync   /dev/loop3
       1       7        2        1      active sync   /dev/loop2
       -       0        0        2      removed
       3       7        1        3      active sync   /dev/loop1
       -       0        0        4      removed
 cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid4] [raid5] [raid6]
md123 : active raid6 loop3[0] loop1[3] loop2[1]
      8790405120 blocks super 1.2 level 6, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [5/3] [UU_U_]

unused devices: <none>

I get the following message in dmesg for the two removed drives( images)

md: kicking non-fresh loop0 from array!

Those are image files, the files have not been modified by the OS during boot, or anything else.

Why does the newer mdadm does not recognize all the 5 disks/images?

How can I "fresh-up" loop0 and loop4

Again, the same image file works just fine on the old server.

It is peculiar that it removed two disks. Since it is a RAID6, removing two disks is OK. I should be able to recover the data, but it would be risky if ever one disk fails. The five images are spread over 3 disks, two 4TB and one 1 TB drives.

Running an AppImage from a USB stick https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568233/running-an-appimage-from-a-usb-stick

Not very familiar with Ubuntu, so this may be simple. Basically I want to run an app image from a FAT32 formatted USB stick. Needs to be FAT32 for portability reasons.

The app image is Veracrypt, and I'm trying to make a portable version so I can just plug in the stick and run it. I read that which one can create a 'traveller' version in Windows (done that), in Linux, you need to use the AppImage - which is fully self contained.

So, the stick has on it a file 'test' which is the encrypted volume created in Veracrypt, plus a folder to contain the executable. So, put the AppImage into the folder.

But, try to run it, and I can't, because it doesn't have execute permission - which I cannot set because it is FAT32.

So, created a script veracrypt.sh containing

#! /bin/bash    
sudo VeraCrypt-1.26.29-x86_64.AppImage

Same problem, cannot make it executable.

Cannot see how to get around this, suspect it might not be possible from FAT32? I suppose I could co[y the app image to somewhere on whatever system I am sitting it and make it executable there, but it's a clunky answer.

Basically, what I need to do is create a self contained version of Vercrypt on the USB stick, that gives root permissions to the app. The reason for root is that Veracrypt needs it to mount a volume.

After the latest software update YouTube doesn't play videos [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568231/after-the-latest-software-update-youtube-doesnt-play-videos

I updated Ubuntu 24.04 when the popup window for the software updater showed up and asked if I wanted to install the updates. I chose to 'install' and then did a restart and when I went to YouTube, videos don't play. I get the list of videos, but when I click on a video, it opens the new page and everything comes up, but no video window and no video. On this other computer YouTube is playing videos. Both have Firefox version 152.0.4 and are running Ubuntu 24.04. I also tried getting the URL from the "Share" icon. I copied it and pasted it into the address line but that didn't work either.

Realtek RTL8852BE-VT (PCI ID: 10ec:b520) Wi-Fi Not Working on Ubuntu 22.04(Solved) https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568226/realtek-rtl8852be-vt-pci-id-10ecb520-wi-fi-not-working-on-ubuntu-22-04solve

System Information

  • Laptop: HP Victus 15-fa2xxx

  • Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

  • Kernel: 6.8.0-124-generic

  • Secure Boot: Disabled


Problem Description

The built-in Wi-Fi adapter is not working under Ubuntu. The system detects the PCI device, but no wireless interface is created and no kernel driver is bound to the device.

The same hardware works correctly in Windows.


Hardware Information

Windows identifies the adapter as:

Realtek RTL8852BE-VT Wireless LAN WiFi 6 PCI-E NIC

Hardware ID:

Windows Device manager showing the info

PCI\VEN_10EC&DEV_B520&SUBSYS_88E9103C

PCI Device Detection

Command

lspci -nnk

Relevant Output

03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device [10ec:b520]
    DeviceName: Realtek Wireless LAN + BT
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:88e9]

Unlike other devices, there is no:

Kernel driver in use:
Kernel modules:

section for the Wi-Fi device.


Loaded Wi-Fi Driver Modules

Command

lsmod | grep rtw

Output

(no output)

No Realtek rtw89 modules are loaded.


Installed Driver

Command

modinfo rtw89_8852be

Relevant Output

filename:
/lib/modules/6.8.0-124-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/rtw89_8852be.ko

modinfo rtw89_8852be lists aliases for PCI IDs 10ec:b852 and 10ec:b85b, but not 10ec:b520:

10ec:b852
10ec:b85b

There is no alias for 10ec:b520.


Kernel Alias Check

Command

grep -i "10EC.*B520" /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/modules.alias

Output

(no output)

Manual Driver Loading

Command

sudo modprobe rtw89_8852be

Result

modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'rtw89_8852be': Invalid argument

Relevant dmesg Output

rtw_8852b: disagrees about version of symbol ...
rtw_8852b: Unknown symbol ...

DKMS Status

Command

dkms status

Output

(no output)

No third-party DKMS drivers are currently installed.


Troubleshooting Performed

I have already tried the following:

  • Disabled Secure Boot.

  • Updated Ubuntu packages.

  • Booted different 6.8 kernels.

  • Installed and later removed the out-of-tree lwfinger/rtw89 driver.

  • Reloaded the rtw89 modules.

  • Verified the hardware using lspci.

  • Checked lsmod, modinfo, modules.alias, dmesg, and journalctl.

None of these steps resolved the issue.


Why this question is different from:

How to solve "No Wi-Fi Adapter Found" error with Realtek RTL8852BE WiFi 6 802.11ax PCIe in Ubuntu 22.04?

I have already reviewed the existing question:

How to solve "No Wi-Fi Adapter Found" error with Realtek RTL8852BE WiFi 6 802.11ax PCIe in Ubuntu 22.04?

However, my issue appears to be different for the following reasons.

Different hardware revision

The linked question concerns the following device:

10ec:b852

My adapter is identified by Windows as:

Realtek RTL8852BE-VT Wireless LAN WiFi 6 PCI-E NIC PCI\VEN_10EC&DEV_B520&SUBSYS_88E9103C

Ubuntu also detects the device as:

03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device [10ec:b520]

This is a different PCI device ID from the one in the linked question.


Questions

  1. Does Ubuntu 22.04 (kernel 6.8) support the RTL8852BE-VT (PCI ID 10ec:b520)?

  2. Is this PCI ID supported only in newer Linux kernels?

  3. Is there a newer or backported rtw89 driver that supports this device on Ubuntu 22.04?

  4. Do my diagnostics indicate a configuration problem, or is this likely a missing driver/kernel support issue?

Final update (Solved):

The issue is now resolved.

My laptop has a Realtek RTL8852BE-VT (PCI ID: 10ec:b520) on Ubuntu 22.04 running kernel 6.8.0-124-generic. The in-kernel driver was either unstable or incompatible with this hardware revision.

What finally worked was installing the latest morrownr/rtw89 DKMS driver:

git clone https://github.com/morrownr/rtw89
cd rtw89
sudo make cleanup_target_system
sudo dkms install $PWD
sudo make install_fw
sudo cp rtw89.conf /etc/modprobe.d/

Initially, I tried loading rtw89_8852be, which failed with:

modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'rtw89_8852be': Invalid argument

Looking at dmesg showed symbol version mismatch errors because I was loading the wrong module. My hardware actually uses the rtw89_8852bte_git driver.

Loading the correct module solved the problem:

sudo modprobe rtw89_8852bte_git

After that:

Kernel driver in use: rtw89_8852bte_git
Kernel modules: rtw89_8852bte_git

The wlo1 interface appeared, NetworkManager detected it normally, Wi-Fi networks were visible again, and I was able to connect successfully.

Thanks to Mr. David for pointing me toward the driver. Genuinely, thank you so much for your help.

No signal from Displayport [SOLVED] [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568193/no-signal-from-displayport-solved

SO. Since the beginning I always had a monitor linked to GPU with the HDMI since I wanted to be able to shut down my computer properly. But when I unplugged everything. And then linked my monitor through the Displayport only, he finally understood it was no longer an "dock + HDMI" configuration and adopt a correct response!

I guess as long I had my HDMI plugged in he would never change "his mind" about the resolution.


Hello everyone,

I am currently encountering an issue with my computer monitor link in Display-port.

My setup:

  • Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS (64-bit)
  • NVIDIA 1080Ti
  • First monitor plugged with HDMI (no issues, work just fine)
  • Second monitor plugged with Display-port (detected, but not video signal). I can even move the mouse into the second monitor area.
erzatz@erzatz-All-Series:~$ xrandr
Screen 0: minimum 8 x 8, current 5120 x 1600, maximum 32767 x 32767
HDMI-0 connected primary 2560x1600+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 345mm x 215mm
   2560x1600     59.94*+
   2560x1080     59.94  
   1920x1080     59.94  
   1680x1050     59.95  
   1440x900      59.89  
   1360x765      60.00  
   1280x1024     60.02  
   1280x720      60.00    59.94  
   1152x648      60.00  
   1024x768      60.00  
   800x600       60.32  
   720x480       59.94  
   640x480       59.94  
DP-0 connected 2560x1440+2560+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 597mm x 336mm
   2560x1440     60.00*+ 144.00   120.00   100.00  
   1920x1080    119.88    60.00    59.94    50.00  
   1280x1024     75.02    60.02  
   1280x720      59.94    50.00  
   1024x768     119.99    99.97    75.03    70.07    60.00  
   800x600      119.97    99.66    75.00    72.19    60.32    56.25  
   720x576       50.00  
   720x480       59.94  
   640x480      119.52    99.77    75.00    72.81    59.94    59.93  
DP-1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-3 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-4 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
DP-5 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
erzatz@erzatz-All-Series:~$ ddcutil detect
Display 1
   I2C bus:  /dev/i2c-3
   DRM connector:           card1-HDMI-A-1
   EDID synopsis:
      Mfg id:               UGD - UNK
      Model:                MD160QH
      Product code:         5654  (0x1616)
      Serial number:        
      Binary serial number: 539166984 (0x20230908)
      Manufacture year:     2022,  Week: 37
   VCP version:         2.2

Display 2
   I2C bus:  /dev/i2c-4
   DRM connector:           card1-DP-1
   EDID synopsis:
      Mfg id:               AOC - UNK
      Model:                Q27B36X
      Product code:         9987  (0x2703)
      Serial number:        XI7RCHA015899
      Binary serial number: 15899 (0x00003e1b)
      Manufacture year:     2025,  Week: 51
   VCP version:         2.2

Results of ubuntu-drivers devices:

erzatz@erzatz-All-Series:~$ ubuntu-drivers devices
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
udevadm hwdb is deprecated. Use systemd-hwdb instead.
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:03.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001B06sv00001043sd000085E2bc03sc00i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GP102 [GeForce GTX 1080 Ti]
driver : nvidia-driver-580-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - third-party non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-565 - third-party non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-580 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-535 - distro non-free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-535-server - distro non-free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

It was working fine before I tried to connect it through a KVM dock.
This one: https://www.avaccess.com/products/idock-b23/ Then I remove it from my setup.

But since then, my monitor is no longer showing any signal, but is well detected:
My screen showing the displays connected, we can see that both screen are connected

I've tried:

  • Changed my cable.
  • Changed the monitor.
  • Unplugged and re-plug the monitor's power.
  • Update my NVIDIA's drivers
  • Visual check of the GPUs Display-port integrity (no apparent issues)

Does anyone have any idea how to fix this problem?

Broken Links - Many broken links on a fresh install of Ubuntu Server 26.04LTS https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568129/broken-links-many-broken-links-on-a-fresh-install-of-ubuntu-server-26-04lts

I just did a fresh install of Ubuntu Server 26.04LTS, and am seeing loads of broken links already.

Since installing the OS, I have done an apt upgrade, added one additional user, and a static MoTD, so almost nothing really.

Yet, when I run:

sudo find / -xtype l -ls

I get scores (at least) of broken links showing up (I can post a complete list if it would help). If I exclude some paths thus:

find / -xdev -xtype l \
-not -path "/proc/*" \
-not -path "/sys/*" \
-not -path "/run/*" \
-not -path "/dev/*" \
2>/dev/null

it reduces the number of broken links listed to this list, which is still surprising (at least to me!)

/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-27/scripts/kernel-doc
/usr/src/linux-headers-7.0.0-27-generic/rust
/usr/share/locale/it/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/be/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ia/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/af/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/el/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/lt/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ka/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/eo/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sv/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/gl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/et/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/cs/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/hu/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/uk/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/fi/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/bg/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_TW/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ru/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ja/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ms/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ga/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/id/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ko/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/hr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/vi/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/lg/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/da/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/nl/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/fr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt_BR/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/es/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ca/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/pt/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/sk/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ro/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/nb/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/ta/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/kk/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/tr/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/eu/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/zh_CN/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/locale/de/LC_TIME/coreutils.mo
/usr/share/man/man1/hashsum.1.gz
/usr/share/doc/libxml2-16/NEWS.gz
/usr/share/doc/xfsprogs/changelog.gz
/usr/share/doc/perl/Changes.gz
/usr/share/doc/python3-wadllib/NEWS.rst.gz

Is it expected that there would be a load of broken links on a fresh install? If not, perhaps something went wrong when I installed, and I should wipe and start from scratch, or perhaps the disk is knackered (although I did run the built-in disk diagnostic from the boot menu, and it found no issues).

Any suggestions welcome, and given I have almost nothing invested, I am also happy to use this for any tests that might be useful to understand what is happening.

Synergy package broken - Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568100/synergy-package-broken-sub-process-usr-bin-dpkg-returned-an-error-code-1

Something went wrong when updating Synergy app and now it's impossible to do anything with the package: the dreaded (at least for me) "Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)". I copy the log when trying to purge it:

(Reading database… 250720 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing synergy (3.6.1)…
production build
[dotenv@17.2.4] injecting env (0) from root/.config/Synergy/.env -- tip: 🛠️  run anywhere with `dotenvx run -- yourcommand`
loaded .env from: /root/.config/Synergy/.env
.env file parsed:  {}
[env] SYNERGY_LOGGER: not set
[env] SYNERGY_FORCE_CORE_LOG_LEVEL: not set
[env] SYNERGY_FORCE_SERVICE_LOG_LEVEL: not set
using log level: INFO
using logger: /root/.local/state/Synergy/synergy.log
skipping node version check in production (current: v22.22.2)
exiting process with code: 1
dpkg: error processing package synergy (--remove):
 old synergy package prerm maintainer script subprocess failed with exit status 1
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
production build
[dotenv@17.2.4] injecting env (0) from root/.config/Synergy/.env -- tip: ⚙️  write to custom object with { processEnv: myObject }
loaded .env from: /root/.config/Synergy/.env
.env file parsed:  {}
[env] SYNERGY_LOGGER: not set
[env] SYNERGY_FORCE_CORE_LOG_LEVEL: not set
[env] SYNERGY_FORCE_SERVICE_LOG_LEVEL: not set
using log level: INFO
using logger: /root/.local/state/Synergy/synergy.log
skipping node version check in production (current: v22.22.2)
exiting process with code: 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 synergy
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
Error: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I tried all the basic troubleshooting stuff like dpkg --configure -a, sudo apt -f install, apt-clean and several forms of deletion without success.
Thank you in advance.

Follow up. Sorry for the delay. I ended up leaving the city for several days. I got this:

~$ export SYNERGY_LOGGER=DEBUG ~$ cat /var/lib/dpkg/info/synergy.prerm #!/usr/bin/env sh

sudo ./opt/Synergy/synergy-service --uninstall

I don't know if this is of help. Thank you.

GTK File chooser dialog box doesn't save on <Enter> https://askubuntu.com/questions/1568020/gtk-file-chooser-dialog-box-doesnt-save-on-enter

I just upgraded my Ubuntu 24.04-4 MATE install to the latest version. I noticed that in Firefox the save dialog box refuses to save a file on the proposed location when hitting [Enter] like it always did. I first blamed Firefox but it is system-wide. Any GTK app has this unwanted behavior. Other PCs, a fully up-to-date Linux Mint 22.3 workstation and a fresh test install of Ubuntu 24.04 MATE on an HP USDT (Ultra Small Desktop) save just fine on [Enter].

But not only that, I also noticed files being overwritten without any warning when clicking Save (or using [Alt]+s). Barring a complete system re-install, how can I fix this?

How to make the screen grayscale in non-GNOME Ubuntu flavors (KDE, Cinnamon, MATE, XFCE and others)? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1546984/how-to-make-the-screen-grayscale-in-non-gnome-ubuntu-flavors-kde-cinnamon-mat

I want to make the screen grayscale because

  1. It reduces strain on the eye
  2. It is more effective than a regular blue light filter
  3. It helps reduce unnecessary screen time

How to make the screen grayscale in KDE, Cinnamon, XFCE, MATE, Cosmic desktop and possibly other desktop environments?

The effect should work in both X11 and Wayland. It should work with all kinds of Intel/NVidia/AMD graphics cards.

how do i fix error fdisk:cannot open /dev/sdb: Input/output error https://askubuntu.com/questions/1469218/how-do-i-fix-error-fdiskcannot-open-dev-sdb-input-output-error

i am trying to create a partition but am unable due to error:

enter image description here

Mouse / Touchpad Buttons above touchpad not working https://askubuntu.com/questions/1417059/mouse-touchpad-buttons-above-touchpad-not-working

I have a rather new Lenovo P14s running Ubuntu-MATE 21.10.

enter image description here

How can I activate the left and right „mouse“ button on the touchpad (marked red). Currently they are completely inactive. (under Linux, not (dual boot) under Windows so not a hardware issue)

The green corners on the touchpad itself do work as mouse buttons, even hold and drag (i.e dragging around Windows on screen).

(under MATE there is no such thing as gnome-tweak, only a mate-tweak with nothing specific into this direction)

Removing cloud-init from Minimized Server marks important network packages for removal https://askubuntu.com/questions/1407248/removing-cloud-init-from-minimized-server-marks-important-network-packages-for-r

I have tested removing cloud-init using this guide on Ubuntu Server 22.04 and Ubuntu Server 22.04 (minimized) installed with the default settings. Uninstalling cloud-init from full Ubuntu Server does not mark important packages for removal, but doing it from the minimized version did so. See the screenshot below. If I execute sudo apt autoremove after that, and restart the server, the Internet is no longer accessible and all Internet-related commands are not found.

Is that a bug? If not, can I remove cloud-init from the minimized version without destroying network access? I am not using cloud. I just wanted a bare-minimum Ubuntu desktop (I add Xfce to this).

test@test:~$ sudo apt purge cloud-init
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  cloud-guest-utils eatmydata fdisk gdisk gir1.2-packagekitglib-1.0 groff-base iproute2 isc-dhcp-client isc-dhcp-common
  libappstream4 libatm1 libbpf0 libcap2-bin libcurl3-gnutls libdns-export1110 libdw1 libeatmydata1 libfdisk1 libglib2.0-bin
  libgstreamer1.0-0 libisc-export1105 libman10 libnetplan0 libpackagekit-glib2-18 libpam-cap libstemmer0d libuchardet0
  libunwind8 libxmlb2 libxtables12 netplan.io packagekit packagekit-tools python3-babel-localedata python3-attr python3-babel
  python3-certifi python3-chardet python3-configobj python3-idna python3-jinja2 python3-json-pointer python3-jsonpatch
  python3-jsonschema python3-markupsafe python3-netifaces python3-pyrsistent python3-requests python3-serial
  python3-software-properties python3-tz python3-urllib3 software-properties-common tzdata
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  cloud-init* ubuntu-server-minimal*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 2 to remove and 10 not upgraded.
After this operation, 2608 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] _
What is the equivalent of xkill on wayland in KDE Plasma? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1378412/what-is-the-equivalent-of-xkill-on-wayland-in-kde-plasma

Xkill is a utility program distributed with the X Window System that instructs the X server to forcefully terminate its connection to a client, thus "killing" the client.[1] When run with no command line arguments, the program displays a special cursor (usually a crosshair or a skull and crossbones) and displays a message such as

Select the window whose client you wish to kill with button 1 ...

If a non-root window is then selected, the server will close its connection to the client that created that window, and the window will be destroyed.

I would like to achieve the same behavior for wayland windows, if possible.

PS: I am on Kubuntu 21.10 running a wayland session, but would prefer something DE agnostic.

How to list packages manually installed by snap? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1261242/how-to-list-packages-manually-installed-by-snap

I'd like to get a list of packages installed manually by snap and be able to find out whether a foobar package was installed manually by system installer.

For example:

$ snap list
Name                 Version                     Rev   Tracking         Publisher     Notes
canonical-livepatch  9.5.5                       95    latest/stable    canonical✓    -
core                 16-2.45.2                   9665  latest/stable    canonical✓    core
core18               20200707                    1880  latest/stable    canonical✓    base
discord              0.0.10                      109   latest/stable    snapcrafters  -
gnome-3-28-1804      3.28.0-17-gde3d74c.de3d74c  128   latest/stable    canonical✓    -
gnome-3-34-1804      0+git.3009fc7               36    latest/stable/…  canonical✓    -
gtk-common-themes    0.1-36-gc75f853             1506  latest/stable/…  canonical✓    -
ripgrep              12.1.0                      9     latest/stable    icey          classic
simplenote           1.20.0                      368   latest/stable    snapcrafters  -
slack                4.7.0                       25    latest/stable    slack✓        classic
snap-store           3.36.0-80-g208fd61          467   latest/stable/…  canonical✓    -
snapd                2.45.2                      8542  latest/stable    canonical✓    snapd
zoom-client          5.1.422789.0705             92    latest/stable    ogra          -

Here, core, core18 were not manually installed by me (at least not explicitly), so my try was:

$ snap list | grep -v Publisher | grep -v canonical | awk '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ' '
discord ripgrep simplenote slack zoom-client

However, I'm not sure if this is the right way to exclude automatically installed packages. Is there any neat way of doing that from the command line?

How do I add ~/bin to PATH for a systemd service? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1014480/how-do-i-add-bin-to-path-for-a-systemd-service

I have a systemd service which calls a PHP script that creates a tmux session on boot.

Globally I have the most current tmux for the distro (V>=2.5).
The script's USER has a $HOME/bin/tmux of 2.0

What I need is for this systemd to use the tmux binary in the user's $HOME.
I have set the USER & GROUP variables in the systemd service file but it seems to call the globally installed binary.

Is it possible to explicitly set the binary that should be called for this service invocation?

If possible I'd rather not start to hardcode the path in the PHP file itself.

Many thanks.

image + audio = mp4: how to make video smaller? https://askubuntu.com/questions/868283/image-audio-mp4-how-to-make-video-smaller

I'm using ffmpeg to add a JPG to an MP4 to make an MP4.

As there is only one image to make the video I'm wondering if there is a way to reduce the video size?

Command:

$ ffmpeg -loop 1 -i image.jpg -i audio.mp3 -shortest -c:a copy output.mp4

Results:

  • image.jpg = 26.7K (image not so clear)
  • audio.mp3 = 64.6M (54 minutes)
  • output.mp4 = 80.6M (video result is not so clear, music still good)

Is it a reasonable size for MP4?

nofile ulimit -n on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS https://askubuntu.com/questions/462112/nofile-ulimit-n-on-ubuntu-14-04-lts
➜ sudo sysctl -a|grep file

fs.file-max = 2037581
fs.file-nr = 2784   0   2037581

➜ ~ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-max
2037581

➜ ~ cat /proc/sys/fs/file-nr
2720    0   2037581

/etc/security/limits.conf

* hard nofile 2037581
* soft nofile 2037581
root hard nofile 2037581
root soft nofile 2037581

/etc/pam.d/su

session required pam_limits.so

/etc/pam.d/common-session

session required pam_limits.so

then reboot.

but ulimit -n got 1024 again.

only can ulimit -n 4096 as max value

or got error

 ulimit: value exceeds hard limit
Do I need to set a "location" for a printer in Ubuntu? https://askubuntu.com/questions/258745/do-i-need-to-set-a-location-for-a-printer-in-ubuntu

I am trying to install the printer onto my ubuntu system and after having installed the driver, it simply wont install. It shows me the actual printer, but I click print and nothing happens. Everything is filled out in the printer properties, but the "location" field. Is that where the printer's IP address goes?

Mouse scroll not working on Oracle VirtualBox https://askubuntu.com/questions/166447/mouse-scroll-not-working-on-oracle-virtualbox

I have Windows7x64 and Oracle VirtualBox 4.1.18 installed on it.I installed Ubuntu 12.04x64 and when I use it, mouse scrolling(Logitech M175) is not working. What I should do to make it work?