I have an Ubuntu 22.04 LTS server that hasn't been restarted for more than 3 years. When I try to check the updates on the server using sudo apt-get update all the jammy repositories update without any issues, but when I run apt list --upgradable it's showing 0 updates. I thought it was a server restart issue, but after I restarted I still had the same issue. I tried to check the apt logs from /var/log/apt, but the folder isn't even there. What could be the possible cause of this?

I am incredibly new to Ubuntu so I know next to nothing about how it works. My issue is that after having my computer on for a bit the Wifi stops working and will will not connect to any other Wifi until after I restart my computer I have attempted to look online to try to find drivers but found nothing that works. I don't know what to do to fix this issue.

• Hardware model: HP HP ProBook 455 15.6 inch G9 Notebook PC
• Processor: AMD Ryzen™ 5 5625U with Radeon™ Graphics × 12
• Graphic: AMD Radeon™ Graphics
• Disk Capacity: 1.0 TB
• Firmware Version: U88 Ver. 01.20.00
• OS Type: 64-bit
• GNOME Version: 49
• Windowing System: Wayland
• Kernel Version: Linux 6.17.0-14-generic

This is what the terminal shows for my network controller:

02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8852BE PCIe 802.11ax Wireless Network Controller [10ec:b852]
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device [103c:88e3]
    Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
    Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort+ <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
    Latency: 0
    Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 80
    IOMMU group: 11
    Region 0: I/O ports at 2000 [size=256]
    Region 2: Memory at fb500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=1M]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: rtw89_8852be
    Kernel modules: rtw89_8852be

I have installed Ubuntu 22.04LTS. During installation I was asked to encrypt my hard disk and I selected that option. Every time I boot my machine, it ask me to put the encryption passkey. Now I want to remove the encryption of Hard Disk. I have passkey of my hard disk encryption. Please help me to remove it.
Thank you

Ubuntu version: 22.04 LTS

Machine: Lenovo IdeaPad

How to fix this problem ? A step by step process would be much appreciated.

Do anyone have pointer to get new version of passt and pasta (libvirt and docker network related) profiles for Apparmor? Current implementation of them causes error on aa-logprof like:

ERROR: Operation {'runbindable'} cannot have a source. Source = AARE('/')

That the bug report issued on advised to upgrade whole apparmor or manually remove empty mounts from profile. So anyone done manual mount cleaning for it?

SH

I wanted to add a program to the /bin directory with sudo mv said-program /bin, but I accidentally wrote sudo mv said-program /bin/bash due to shebang inertia.

As you can imagine, this broke the system shell, and I can no longer enter my system via ssh (it's a Raspberry Pi on a remote location). It just calls the program and exits.

Obviously direct root access is disabled for safety reasons, so I can't try that. The default ssh shell is bash, I've tried logging into ssh with sh and csh (which I use sometimes, so I'm sure it's installed), but it seems the ssh starts bash before the selected shell is executed.

I've tried sftp, but since it uses ssh itself it doesn't work.

I want to try ftp, but it'll take some days before someone is able to enable the port to try it.

Besides the obvious taking the storage device and replacing the /bin/bash file with a working version, which other solutions should I attempt?

I did see many posts regarding this topic, but none helped me to solve it.

I had an older PC with dual boot Ubuntu and Windows 7 running. both on different disks.

I moved the Ubuntu disk to another PC running Windows 10.
Starting Windows 10 worked as usual, but not Ubuntu, so I used Boot-Repair. On the first run Boot–Repair went through (including removing/installing grub) using the default settings. After restarting there was no grub on any disk (there are 4 internal disks and 2 USB disks with data and for backup). Running disk repair again, trying to define which disk should contain grub and also trying to use the default repair now always gave the following error message:

The current session is in BIOS-compatibility mode. 
Please disable BIOS-compatibility/CSM/Legacy mode in your UEFI firmware, 
and use this software from a live-CD (or live-USB) 
that is compatible with UEFI booting mode. 
For example, use a live-USB of Boot-Repair-Disk-64bit   
(www.sourceforge.net/p/boot-repair-cd), 
after making sure your BIOS is set up to boot USB in EFI mode.

Only BIOS is set to UEFI and I could not find the BIOS-compatibility settings.

Based on some thread in this forum I did the following:

• mount /dev/sda5 /mnt

• Then run the following to do a chroot to reinstall grub on the system:

• for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done

• chroot /mnt

  The later 2 steps threw an error message, /cow etc. I solved it by sudo apt-get install grub. It seems the Boot–Repair did not install grub properly.

  Then you should be at a $ prompt and see your Ubuntu installation. You should now be able to reinstall grub and update grub.

• sudo grub-install /dev/sda

• sudo update-grub

Only the Windows on disk /dev/sdh was not found

Searching through several threads did not solve it.

What I did:

• turned off Fast Boot and Windows power setting: no effect (still left it that way)

• trying 40_custom settings using the hd8,1 (for /dev/sdh) did get

  grub cannot get C/H/S values

• I tried several hdX settings, but none worked.

Next based on another thread:

menuentry "Windows 10" --class windows --class os {
   insmod ntfs
   search --no-floppy --set=root --fs-uuid 6A4C90714C9039B1
   ntldr /bootmgr
}

The uuid is the ntfs partition (/dev/sdh2), I also tried the efi partition uuid (/dev/sdh1)
This had no effect. Windows does not boot from the grub boot menu.

Do you have any other suggestions to get Windows to start from the grub boot menu?

i'm a kubuntu 24.04 user. i'm trying to install wine. i got to the part where i need to run sudo apt update, but whenever i do that, i get the error message:

W: GPG error: https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu noble InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 76F1A20FF987672F
E: The repository 'https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu noble InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

what should i do to fix this? running sudo apt update --allow-unauthenticated returns the exact same error, so i can't just skip adding the key. i'm getting the instructions directly from the wine gitlab page.

most of the results i get when googling the error are from 5+ years ago :(

I have 5 machines running ubuntu 24.04. After upgrading some packages and rebooting, wakeonlan doesn't seem to work on any of my machines.

The machines are plugged in, and the ethernet port has lights blinking, so the network card should be awake.

I'm not sure whether the problems are due to upgrading packages or something else. I presume that this is a software problem that resulted from package upgrades changing a configuration file / variable somewhere.

Router is TP-Link AX3000. I rebooted and upgraded my router when trying to diagnose the issues, although I'm pretty confident the router is not an issue. Wake On Lan has worked before I upgraded the router firmware, and it has been working for at least a couple years prior to this week. However, there did seem to be an issue with receiving the magic packets when broadcasting to the local network (documented below). Not sure if this is a new issue, or is simply expected behavior.

I have tried to follow the guide here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Wake-on-LAN. I'm out of ideas for what the problem is.

I can post additional files as necessary. Help is much appreciated!

Here is a sample from one of my machines:

The wakeonlan version I use is wakeonlan/noble,now 0.41-12.1 all [installed].

Ethernet should be nao3eth0.

sudo lshw -C network
  *-network                 
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: Ethernet Connection I217-LM
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 19
       bus info: pci@0000:00:19.0
       logical name: nao3eth0
       version: 04
       serial: 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af
       size: 1Gbit/s
       capacity: 1Gbit/s
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=6.8.0-100-generic duplex=full firmware=0.13-4 ip=192.168.237.103 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
       resources: irq:28 memory:f7c00000-f7c1ffff memory:f7c3d000-f7c3dfff ioport:f080(size=32)

ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: nao3eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname eno1
    altname enp0s25
    inet 192.168.237.103/24 brd 192.168.237.255 scope global noprefixroute nao3eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::3617:ebff:fece:b8af/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

It appears wake on lan is enabled: Wake-on: g.

ethtool nao3eth0
Settings for nao3eth0:
    Supported ports: [ TP ]
    Supported link modes:   10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Full
    Supported pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
    Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
    Supported FEC modes: Not reported
    Advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                            100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                            1000baseT/Full
    Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
    Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
    Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
    Link partner advertised link modes:  10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
                                         100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
                                         1000baseT/Full
    Link partner advertised pause frame use: Symmetric
    Link partner advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
    Link partner advertised FEC modes: Not reported
    Speed: 1000Mb/s
    Duplex: Full
    Auto-negotiation: on
    Port: Twisted Pair
    PHYAD: 1
    Transceiver: internal
    MDI-X: off (auto)
    Supports Wake-on: pumbg
    Wake-on: g
        Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
                               drv probe link
    Link detected: yes

/etc/netplan# cat 00-config.yaml 
network:
  ethernets:
    nao3eth0:
      match:
        macaddress: 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af
      addresses:
       - 192.168.237.103/24
      routes:
       - to: default
         via: 192.168.237.1
      nameservers:
        addresses:
         - 192.168.237.1
      wakeonlan: true
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

ufw status
Status: inactive

tlp is not installed:

sudo systemctl status tlp.service
Unit tlp.service could not be found.
root@nao3:~# apt list tlp
Listing... Done
tlp/noble 1.6.1-1ubuntu1 all

sudo netstat -tulpn
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name    
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:139             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      45445/smbd          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1/init              
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:445             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      45445/smbd          
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:631             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      45452/cupsd         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      2426/master         
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1133/systemd-resolv 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.54:53           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1133/systemd-resolv 
tcp6       0      0 :::139                  :::*                    LISTEN      45445/smbd          
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN      1/init              
tcp6       0      0 :::445                  :::*                    LISTEN      45445/smbd          
tcp6       0      0 :::631                  :::*                    LISTEN      45452/cupsd         
tcp6       0      0 :::7200                 :::*                    LISTEN      1663/java           
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN      2426/master         
tcp6       0      0 :::37705                :::*                    LISTEN      1663/java           
udp        0      0 127.0.0.54:53           0.0.0.0:*                           1133/systemd-resolv 
udp        0      0 127.0.0.53:53           0.0.0.0:*                           1133/systemd-resolv 
udp        0      0 192.168.237.255:137     0.0.0.0:*                           45438/nmbd          
udp        0      0 192.168.237.103:137     0.0.0.0:*                           45438/nmbd          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:137             0.0.0.0:*                           45438/nmbd          
udp        0      0 192.168.237.255:138     0.0.0.0:*                           45438/nmbd          
udp        0      0 192.168.237.103:138     0.0.0.0:*                           45438/nmbd          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:138             0.0.0.0:*                           45438/nmbd          
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:37707           0.0.0.0:*                           45658/avahi-daemon: 
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5353            0.0.0.0:*                           45658/avahi-daemon: 
udp6       0      0 :::48418                :::*                                45658/avahi-daemon: 
udp6       0      0 :::5353                 :::*                                45658/avahi-daemon: 

I can receive the magic packets with the machine address. The broadcast address seems to fail, which seems odd. Prior to the upgrade, wakeonlan 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af was sufficient to wakeonlan remotely. I believe this is a separate issue, because wakeonlan is not working whether I specify the ip_address or not.

SERVER:
tcpdump -i nao3eth0 -n -v -s0 udp port 9
tcpdump: listening on nao3eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), snapshot length 262144 bytes
13:59:16.935287 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 65130, offset 0, flags [DF], proto UDP (17), length 130)
    192.168.237.104.55723 > 192.168.237.103.9: UDP, length 102


CLIENT MACHINE:

no packets received:
wakeonlan -i 255.255.255.255 -p 9 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af
Sending magic packet to 255.255.255.255:9 with 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af

packets are received as shown above:
wakeonlan -i 192.168.237.103 -p 9 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af
Sending magic packet to 192.168.237.103:9 with 34:17:eb:ce:b8:af

sysctl -a | grep rp_filter
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.rp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.nao3eth0.arp_filter = 0
net.ipv4.conf.nao3eth0.rp_filter = 2

I was unable to provide all the variables for sysctl since it went over the character limit. I can provide further information upon request.

I believe the problems started occurring after the upgrade on last Friday, 2026-02-13.

/var/log/apt/history.log:

cat history.log

Start-Date: 2026-02-03  06:54:35
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libc6:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7), locales:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7), libc-dev-bin:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7), libc-bin:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7), libc-devtools:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7), libc6-dbg:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7), libc6-dev:amd64 (2.39-0ubuntu8.6, 2.39-0ubuntu8.7)
End-Date: 2026-02-03  06:54:57

Start-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:14
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: telnet:amd64 (0.17+2.5-3ubuntu4, 0.17+2.5-3ubuntu4.1), inetutils-telnet:amd64 (2:2.5-3ubuntu4, 2:2.5-3ubuntu4.1)
End-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:18

Start-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:20
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libmysqlclient21:amd64 (8.0.44-0ubuntu0.24.04.2, 8.0.45-0ubuntu0.24.04.1)
End-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:22

Start-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:25
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: openjdk-17-jre-headless:amd64 (17.0.17+10-1~24.04, 17.0.18+8-1~24.04.1)
End-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:31

Start-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:52
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libpng16-16t64:amd64 (1.6.43-5ubuntu0.3, 1.6.43-5ubuntu0.4)
End-Date: 2026-02-03  06:55:54

Start-Date: 2026-02-04  15:33:11
Commandline: apt-get -y upgrade
Upgrade: va-driver-all:amd64 (2.20.0-2build1, 2.20.0-2ubuntu0.1), libldap2:amd64 (2.6.7+dfsg-1~exp1ubuntu8.2, 2.6.10+dfsg-0ubuntu0.24.04.1), libldap-common:amd64 (2.6.7+dfsg-1~exp1ubuntu8.2, 2.6.10+dfsg-0ubuntu0.24.04.1), libfwupd2:amd64 (1.9.31-0ubuntu1~24.04.1, 1.9.33-0ubuntu1~24.04.1ubuntu1), libqpdf29t64:amd64 (11.9.0-1.1build1, 11.9.0-1.1ubuntu0.1), libva-x11-2:amd64 (2.20.0-2build1, 2.20.0-2ubuntu0.1), libboost-iostreams1.83.0:amd64 (1.83.0-2.1ubuntu3.1, 1.83.0-2.1ubuntu3.2), ldap-utils:amd64 (2.6.7+dfsg-1~exp1ubuntu8.2, 2.6.10+dfsg-0ubuntu0.24.04.1), python-apt-common:amd64 (2.7.7ubuntu5.1, 2.7.7ubuntu5.2), libboost-thread1.83.0:amd64 (1.83.0-2.1ubuntu3.1, 1.83.0-2.1ubuntu3.2), python3-apt:amd64 (2.7.7ubuntu5.1, 2.7.7ubuntu5.2), libboost-locale1.83.0:amd64 (1.83.0-2.1ubuntu3.1, 1.83.0-2.1ubuntu3.2), libva-wayland2:amd64 (2.20.0-2build1, 2.20.0-2ubuntu0.1), libva-drm2:amd64 (2.20.0-2build1, 2.20.0-2ubuntu0.1), mesa-vdpau-drivers:amd64 (25.0.7-0ubuntu0.24.04.2, 25.2.8-0ubuntu0.24.04.1), libva2:amd64 (2.20.0-2build1, 2.20.0-2ubuntu0.1), fwupd:amd64 (1.9.31-0ubuntu1~24.04.1, 1.9.33-0ubuntu1~24.04.1ubuntu1)
End-Date: 2026-02-04  15:33:32

Start-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:01
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Install: linux-tools-6.8.0-94-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic), linux-modules-extra-6.8.0-94-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic), linux-tools-6.8.0-94:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic), linux-modules-6.8.0-94-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic), linux-headers-6.8.0-94:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic), linux-image-6.8.0-94-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic), linux-headers-6.8.0-94-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, automatic)
Upgrade: linux-headers-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91, 6.8.0-94.96), linux-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91, 6.8.0-94.96), linux-image-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91, 6.8.0-94.96)
End-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:42

Start-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:49
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-tools-6.8.0-88-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89), linux-tools-6.8.0-88:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89)
End-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:50

Start-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:52
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-modules-extra-6.8.0-88-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89)
End-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:55

Start-Date: 2026-02-05  06:27:57
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-modules-6.8.0-88-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89), linux-image-6.8.0-88-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89)
End-Date: 2026-02-05  06:28:04

Start-Date: 2026-02-05  06:28:06
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-headers-6.8.0-88-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89)
End-Date: 2026-02-05  06:28:07

Start-Date: 2026-02-05  06:28:10
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-headers-6.8.0-88:amd64 (6.8.0-88.89)
End-Date: 2026-02-05  06:28:12

Start-Date: 2026-02-06  06:13:40
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: python3.12:amd64 (3.12.3-1ubuntu0.10, 3.12.3-1ubuntu0.11), libpython3.12-minimal:amd64 (3.12.3-1ubuntu0.10, 3.12.3-1ubuntu0.11), libpython3.12t64:amd64 (3.12.3-1ubuntu0.10, 3.12.3-1ubuntu0.11), python3.12-minimal:amd64 (3.12.3-1ubuntu0.10, 3.12.3-1ubuntu0.11), libpython3.12-stdlib:amd64 (3.12.3-1ubuntu0.10, 3.12.3-1ubuntu0.11)
End-Date: 2026-02-06  06:13:52

Start-Date: 2026-02-06  06:13:56
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libglib2.0-bin:amd64 (2.80.0-6ubuntu3.7, 2.80.0-6ubuntu3.8), gir1.2-glib-2.0:amd64 (2.80.0-6ubuntu3.7, 2.80.0-6ubuntu3.8), libglib2.0-data:amd64 (2.80.0-6ubuntu3.7, 2.80.0-6ubuntu3.8), libglib2.0-0t64:amd64 (2.80.0-6ubuntu3.7, 2.80.0-6ubuntu3.8)
End-Date: 2026-02-06  06:14:03

Start-Date: 2026-02-06  06:14:24
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: tracker-miner-fs:amd64 (3.7.1-1build1, 3.7.1-1ubuntu0.1), tracker-extract:amd64 (3.7.1-1build1, 3.7.1-1ubuntu0.1)
End-Date: 2026-02-06  06:14:29

Start-Date: 2026-02-06  14:43:27
Commandline: apt-get -y upgrade
Upgrade: linux-tools-common:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, 6.8.0-100.100), linux-libc-dev:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, 6.8.0-100.100)
End-Date: 2026-02-06  14:43:32

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:15:31
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Install: linux-image-6.8.0-100-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic), linux-tools-6.8.0-100-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic), linux-tools-6.8.0-100:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic), linux-headers-6.8.0-100-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic), linux-modules-6.8.0-100-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic), linux-headers-6.8.0-100:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic), linux-modules-extra-6.8.0-100-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-100.100, automatic)
Upgrade: linux-headers-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, 6.8.0-100.100), linux-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, 6.8.0-100.100), linux-image-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-94.96, 6.8.0-100.100)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:12

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:18
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libsoup-3.0-0:amd64 (3.4.4-5ubuntu0.6, 3.4.4-5ubuntu0.7), libsoup-3.0-common:amd64 (3.4.4-5ubuntu0.6, 3.4.4-5ubuntu0.7), gir1.2-soup-3.0:amd64 (3.4.4-5ubuntu0.6, 3.4.4-5ubuntu0.7)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:21

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:25
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-modules-extra-6.8.0-90-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:28

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:30
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-headers-6.8.0-90-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:31

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:33
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-tools-6.8.0-90-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:34

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:37
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-modules-6.8.0-90-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91), linux-image-6.8.0-90-generic:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:44

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:46
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-tools-6.8.0-90:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:47

Start-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:49
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Remove: linux-headers-6.8.0-90:amd64 (6.8.0-90.91)
End-Date: 2026-02-10  06:16:52

Start-Date: 2026-02-13  17:51:35
Commandline: apt-get -y upgrade
Upgrade: initramfs-tools-core:amd64 (0.142ubuntu25.5, 0.142ubuntu25.8), initramfs-tools-bin:amd64 (0.142ubuntu25.5, 0.142ubuntu25.8), alsa-ucm-conf:amd64 (1.2.10-1ubuntu5.8, 1.2.10-1ubuntu5.9), motd-news-config:amd64 (13ubuntu10.3, 13ubuntu10.4), base-files:amd64 (13ubuntu10.3, 13ubuntu10.4), initramfs-tools:amd64 (0.142ubuntu25.5, 0.142ubuntu25.8), libpng16-16t64:amd64 (1.6.43-5ubuntu0.4, 1.6.43-5ubuntu0.5)
End-Date: 2026-02-13  17:52:02

Start-Date: 2026-02-16  06:31:21
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libfreerdp3-3:amd64 (3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.1, 3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.2), libwinpr3-3:amd64 (3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.1, 3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.2), libfreerdp-server3-3:amd64 (3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.1, 3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.2), libfreerdp-client3-3:amd64 (3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.1, 3.5.1+dfsg1-0ubuntu1.2)
End-Date: 2026-02-16  06:31:33

Start-Date: 2026-02-17  06:31:08
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libatopology2t64:amd64 (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.1, 1.2.11-1ubuntu0.2), libasound2t64:amd64 (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.1, 1.2.11-1ubuntu0.2), libasound2-data:amd64 (1.2.11-1ubuntu0.1, 1.2.11-1ubuntu0.2)
End-Date: 2026-02-17  06:31:11

Start-Date: 2026-02-17  06:31:15
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libgnutls30t64:amd64 (3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.4, 3.8.3-1.1ubuntu3.5)
End-Date: 2026-02-17  06:31:17

Start-Date: 2026-02-17  06:31:23
Commandline: /usr/bin/unattended-upgrade
Upgrade: libexpat1:amd64 (2.6.1-2ubuntu0.3, 2.6.1-2ubuntu0.4)
End-Date: 2026-02-17  06:31:25

When I boot from my installation flash drive and go with "try ubuntu" pointer is responding fine. I run Asus Vivobook. I have power max 3 hours a day in between long shutdowns. I have a job interview on Thursday. Your help is badly needed.

I have "Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS"

I don't use the desktop very much, it's been months since I've tried to launch Firefox. This time, it failed. When I try to launch from the cli, I get

cannot set memlock limit to 524288:524288: Operation not permitted

Same error with chromium-browser. I have no idea what that means.
When I look at the installed version, I see:
apt list firefox

firefox/jammy,now 1:1snap1-0ubuntu2 amd64 [installed]

This surprises me, I did not think firefox has anything to do with snap. But whatever, I just want it to work again. What should I do?

I have been trying to create a simple router for a very simple website with PHP and apache2, but I keep getting 404 messages.
Before you go through this lengthy post, I did add DocumentRoot in nt2.conf in sites-available. I have not added it anywhere else.

I created a new directory called /var/www/nt2 (on Ubuntu 25.10). In there I created this

/var/www/nt2  
   index.php (contains the router)  
   .htaccess  
   views  
      home.php  
      contact.php  
      users.php  
      404.php  

Apache runs fine. PHP has been installed successfully, I have version 8.4.11. I can get any page if I fill in the full path. For example : localhost/views/contact.php. That works, but localhost/contact does not work at all and produces a 404 error.
I'm quite the beginner, but this is not complicated code and I just don't see what I'm not doing right.

This is index.php, I copied it from an article.

<?php  
$request = $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];  
$viewDir = __DIR__ . '/views';  
switch ($request) {  
    case '':  
    case '/':  
        require  $viewDir . 'home.php';  
        break;  
    case '/users':  
        require  . 'users.php';  
        break;  
    case '/contact':  
        require $viewDir . 'contact.php';  
        break;  
    default:  
        http_response_code(404);  
        require $viewDir . '404.php';  
}  
?\>  
  

The files in the views folder are all like this:

<?php   
echo "<h1>Contact me</h1>  
<p>Email me: memyselfandI@hotmail.com</p>"  
?>  

Nothing fancy.

I adjusted apache2.conf:
I added the ServerName at the bottom to get rid of a message: (AH00558 - could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain.

ServerName  
127.0.0.1  

I also added this :

<Directory /var/www/nt2/>  
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks  
        AllowOverride None  
        Require all granted  
</Directory>  

I tried changing AllowOverride to All (I did the same thing for <Directory /var/www/> which exists in the default version. Nothing changed so I changed it back to None in both directories.

I created a configuration file in sites-available called nt2.conf and entered these commands: (The domain doesn't really exist btw.)

ServerName www.nt2.com  
ServerAlias nt2  
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost  
DocumentRoot /var/www/nt2  

Then I ran:
a2ensite nt2.conf
a2dissite 000-default.conf

I also ran:

ufw allow http    
ufw allow https # I don't remember why I did that.      
ufw allow ssh    
ufw allow 'Apache Full' # I found that in an article. 

There's an .htaccess which I got from the same article.

RewriteEngine On  
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f  
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d  
RewriteRule  . /index.php [L]  

I more or less understand what it means, but I did just copy it. I've also tried commenting everything out, but it makes no difference.

I ran a2enmod rewrite

In mods-available I made changes in userdir.conf

UserDir nt2  
UserDir disabled root  
  
<Directory /var/www/nt2>  
        AllowOverride All  
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks  
        Require all granted  
</Directory>  

I ran a2enmod userdir :

I adjusted php.init and added /var/www/nt2 to include_path (I had an error message).

I looked at all the permissions. /var/www/nt2 is owned by me, $USER. The default folder html is owned by root. All files and directories inside the folder are owned by me.

I added myself to www-data group. (I read that somewhere.)

Nothing works. I'm at the end of my tether and I really cannot figure this out.

I commented out the following in mods-available/php8.4.conf

#<IfModule mod_userdir.c>  
#    <Directory /home/*/public_html>  
#        php_admin_flag engine Off  
#    </Directory>  
#</IfModule>  

I ran a2enmod php8.4

I'm not getting any other error messages. Just the 404.
I reloaded and restarted apache2 a million times.
I ran all the a2blabla commands again and again.

Nope.
I am so tired. I tried ChatGPT. It assured me that my router logic was wrong, gave me more complicated code. It doesn't work at all. I have the impression I don't know what the right question is because I don't know what I don't know. If I do know what I don't know, I can ask good questions and figure it out. I agree this is flimsy code, but I do intend to replace it with classes and a router.php and everything spic and span. I just feel if I understand this bit well, the more complicated stuff will be easier to digest.

I have 6 VLANS and a WiFi connection. None of the networks interact. They can connect to things on their network and the public Internet. I was trying to use iproute2 source based routing and I guess I am not understanding something. The SSH session connects and its traffic flows correctly but anything try goes out the default network. Any assistance or direction to documents would be appreciated.

Setup: Ubuntu 24.04 IPROUTE2 tables I connect to 192.168.202.245 and I need all traffic my session generates to use 192.168.202.1 as a gateway But you will see from the ping it is using the WiFi network. If I down the WiFi, I can still connect and my session works, but I can not send any other traffic out.

testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ echo $SSH_CONNECTION
67.218.213.186 63029 192.168.202.245 22
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ ping -c 2 -R 67.218.213.161
PING 67.218.213.161 (67.218.213.161) 56(124) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 67.218.213.161: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=13.0 ms
NOP
RR:     192.168.10.101
        67.218.213.186
        67.218.213.161
        192.168.10.1
        192.168.10.101

64 bytes from 67.218.213.161: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=10.0 ms
NOP     (same route)

testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Release:        24.04
Codename:       noble

cat /etc/iproute2/rt_tables
#
# reserved values
#
255     local
254     main
253     default
0       unspec
#
# local
#
#1      inr.ruhep
1 enp1s0
2 V2
3 V3
5 V5
10 V10
40 V40
90 WiFi

testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ nmcli
wlp2s0: connected to wlp2s0
        "Realtek RTL8822CE"
        wifi (rtw_8822ce), 48:8F:4C:D4:A9:16, hw, mtu 1500
        ip4 default
        inet4 192.168.10.101/24
        route4 192.168.10.0/24 metric 600
        route4 default via 192.168.10.1 metric 0

enp1s0: connected to enp1s0
        "Realtek RTL8111/8168/8411"
        ethernet (r8169), 00:E0:9D:85:8A:2C, hw, mtu 1500
        inet4 172.27.0.245/16
        route4 default via 172.27.0.1 metric 10
        route4 172.27.0.0/16 metric 100

enp1s0.10: connected to VLAN10
        "enp1s0.10"
        vlan, 12:12:12:02:01:10, sw, mtu 1500
        inet4 172.28.64.245/19
        route4 default via 172.28.64.1 metric 10
        route4 172.28.64.0/19 metric 403

enp1s0.2: connected to VLAN2
        "enp1s0.2"
        vlan, 12:12:12:02:01:02, sw, mtu 1500
        inet4 192.168.202.245/24
        route4 default via 192.168.202.1 metric 10
        route4 192.168.202.0/24 metric 400

enp1s0.3: connected to VLAN3
        "enp1s0.3"
        vlan, 12:12:12:02:01:03, sw, mtu 1500
        inet4 192.168.203.245/24
        route4 default via 192.168.203.1 metric 10
        route4 192.168.203.0/24 metric 401

enp1s0.40: connected to VLAN40
        "enp1s0.40"
        vlan, 12:12:12:02:01:40, sw, mtu 1500
        inet4 172.29.0.245/16
        route4 default via 172.29.0.1 metric 10
        route4 172.29.0.0/16 metric 404

enp1s0.5: connected to VLAN5
        "enp1s0.5"
        vlan, 12:12:12:02:01:05, sw, mtu 1500
        inet4 172.28.32.245/19
        route4 default via 172.28.32.1 metric 10
        route4 172.28.32.0/19 metric 402

lo: connected (externally) to lo
        "lo"
        loopback (unknown), 00:00:00:00:00:00, sw, mtu 65536
        inet4 127.0.0.1/8
        inet6 ::1/128

DNS configuration:
        servers: 192.168.10.1
        interface: wlp2s0

        servers: 192.168.203.1
        interface: enp1s0.3

        servers: 172.28.64.1
        interface: enp1s0.10

        servers: 172.27.0.1
        interface: enp1s0

        servers: 192.168.202.1
        interface: enp1s0.2

        servers: 172.28.32.1
        interface: enp1s0.5

        servers: 172.29.0.1
        interface: enp1s0.40

Use "nmcli device show" to get complete information about known devices and
"nmcli connection show" to get an overview on active connection profiles.

Consult nmcli(1) and nmcli-examples(7) manual pages for complete usage details.
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ ip rule list
0:      from all lookup local
10:     from 172.27.0.245 lookup enp1s0 proto static
10:     from 192.168.202.245 lookup V2 proto static
10:     from 192.168.203.245 lookup V3 proto static
10:     from 172.28.32.245 lookup V5 proto static
10:     from 172.28.64.245 lookup V10 proto static
10:     from 172.29.0.245 lookup V40 proto static
32766:  from all lookup main
32767:  from all lookup default
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ ip route
default via 192.168.10.1 dev wlp2s0
172.27.0.0/16 dev enp1s0 proto kernel scope link src 172.27.0.245 metric 100
172.28.32.0/19 dev enp1s0.5 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.32.245 metric 402
172.28.64.0/19 dev enp1s0.10 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.64.245 metric 403
172.29.0.0/16 dev enp1s0.40 proto kernel scope link src 172.29.0.245 metric 404
192.168.10.0/24 dev wlp2s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.101 metric 600
192.168.202.0/24 dev enp1s0.2 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.245 metric 400
192.168.203.0/24 dev enp1s0.3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.203.245 metric 401
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ ip route list table 2
default via 192.168.202.1 dev enp1s0.2 proto static metric 10
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$
*****
the other vlans are the same with their gateway and device

I am not sure how local is created.   here it is:
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$ ip route list table local
local 127.0.0.0/8 dev lo proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1
local 127.0.0.1 dev lo proto kernel scope host src 127.0.0.1
broadcast 127.255.255.255 dev lo proto kernel scope link src 127.0.0.1
local 172.27.0.245 dev enp1s0 proto kernel scope host src 172.27.0.245
broadcast 172.27.255.255 dev enp1s0 proto kernel scope link src 172.27.0.245
local 172.28.32.245 dev enp1s0.5 proto kernel scope host src 172.28.32.245
broadcast 172.28.63.255 dev enp1s0.5 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.32.245
local 172.28.64.245 dev enp1s0.10 proto kernel scope host src 172.28.64.245
broadcast 172.28.95.255 dev enp1s0.10 proto kernel scope link src 172.28.64.245
local 172.29.0.245 dev enp1s0.40 proto kernel scope host src 172.29.0.245
broadcast 172.29.255.255 dev enp1s0.40 proto kernel scope link src 172.29.0.245
local 192.168.10.101 dev wlp2s0 proto kernel scope host src 192.168.10.101
broadcast 192.168.10.255 dev wlp2s0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.101
local 192.168.202.245 dev enp1s0.2 proto kernel scope host src 192.168.202.245
broadcast 192.168.202.255 dev enp1s0.2 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.202.245
local 192.168.203.245 dev enp1s0.3 proto kernel scope host src 192.168.203.245
broadcast 192.168.203.255 dev enp1s0.3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.203.245
testuser@pcr-svr2:~$


I had also tried:
ip route add default via 192.168.202.1 dev enp1s0.2 table V2 src 192.168.202.245
but it did not appear to make any difference

I have installed Ubuntu 24.04 on a MacBook Air. The WiFi doesn't work.

If I try one of the solutions available on the internet it doesn't work because the WiFi doesn't work to download what is needed to have it work. The device doesn't have an Ethernet port.

How do I overcome this problem?

I have the following situation:

and need to resize my /boot partition at the very beginning of the drive. Now, unfortunately for some poor design when I installed Ubuntu I set my EFI partition in between the /boot and the root partition (/) of roughly 1TB.

My goal would be to shrink the / for ~650MB to add to the /boot; however, it appears this would necessarily pass through the EFI – which is something I'm aware should not be touched...

So, my question is it safe to do it or I should leave things as they are? I'm asking since I haven't allocated enough space for multiple updates at the same time, and I'm always forced to promptly removed unsed headers in order to update/upgrade the system. Thanks in advance!

Following along the steps below, this is where I'm at: and then

in the image above it appears I'm unable to edit the /boot/efi partition size...

I have a Razor Blade Stealth ultrabook gaming laptop with an Intel Core i7-8565U processor, 16 GB memory and 2 TB hard drive running Ubuntu 24.04. In the middle of last week Ubuntu self-updated and had a reboot required notification up top. I decided to finish updating and go about my business. The next day I tried to boot up my laptop and that is when the problems started.

The screen to decrypt the partition shows up. I can type in my password and the booting process will continue, but just before the login screen should show up the BIOS logo will appear for a split second, the screen will glitch out and then go black. The screen backlight is on, the keyboard backlight is on, and the fan is running at full blast. I can force a boot by going into Recovery mode and force Ubuntu to boot into recovery. The laptop will work for the most part. I don't think all the drivers are getting loaded properly. Videos on YouTube have a very slow frame rate and the cooling fan has to run at full throttle just to watch a YouTube video. While using the computer the mouse cursor will glitch on screen and "ghost" occasionally, but a few seconds later the "ghost" will clear out.

All the research I have done says there is an issue with the grub boot file. I have attempted to fix the filesystem from the recovery screen without success. I ran a test on the memory from the recovery screen, and I got a bad shim signature error when attempting to do that. I have no idea what that means. I'm not sure what else to try from that route.

I have created an Ubuntu live boot USB drive. I changed the BIOS settings and can start the boot from the USB drive, but after selecting the "Try Ubuntu" option the same issue occurs. Once the boot process begins eventually it stalls at a completely blank screen. No cursor, no options do to anything, no keyboard inputs recognized, nothing.

What other things can I try without doing a complete reinstall of Ubuntu and losing all my data? I'm still a Linux noob, and have a lot to learn.

What does that command do that was posted?

sudo apt install linux-image-generic && sudo apt remove linux-image-6.17 linux-image-generic-hwe-24.04

So I've read the comprehensive Broadcom installation article. I ran lspci -nn -d 14e4:
which gave me:

lspci -nn -d 14e4:
02:00.0 Multimedia controller [0480]: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries 720p FaceTime HD Camera [14e4:1570]
03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Inc. and subsidiaries BCM4360 802.11ac Dual Band Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:43a0] (rev 03)

based on the list, I figured I needed to install bcmwl-kernel-source, which then gave me:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bcmwl-kernel-source
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/8,516 B of archives.
After this operation, 22.5 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package bcmwl-kernel-source.
(Reading database ... 223028 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.271+bdcom-23ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.271+bdcom-23ubuntu1.1) ...
Setting up broadcom-sta-dkms (6.30.223.271-23ubuntu1.1) ...
Removing old broadcom-sta-6.30.223.271 DKMS files...
Module broadcom-sta-6.30.223.271 for kernel 6.8.0-100-generic (x86_64).
Before uninstall, this module version was ACTIVE on this kernel.

wl.ko:
 - Uninstallation
   - Deleting from: /lib/modules/6.8.0-100-generic/updates/dkms/
 - Original module
   - No original module was found for this module on this kernel.
   - Use the dkms install command to reinstall any previous module version.
depmod...
Deleting module broadcom-sta-6.30.223.271 completely from the DKMS tree.
Loading new broadcom-sta-6.30.223.271 DKMS files...
Building for 6.17.0-14-generic
Building initial module for 6.17.0-14-generic
ERROR: Cannot create report: [Errno 17] File exists: '/var/crash/broadcom-sta-dkms.0.crash'
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 6.17.0-14-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/broadcom-sta/6.30.223.271/build/make.log for more information.
dpkg: error processing package broadcom-sta-dkms (--configure):
 installed broadcom-sta-dkms package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 10
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of bcmwl-kernel-source:
 bcmwl-kernel-source depends on broadcom-sta-dkms (= 6.30.223.271-23ubuntu1.1); however:
  Package broadcom-sta-dkms is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package bcmwl-kernel-source (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                          Errors were encountered while processing:
 broadcom-sta-dkms
 bcmwl-kernel-source
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I don't know what to do with this error, and I'm too afraid to mess around because I'm a beginner. Anyone have an obvious fix for this? Help me, AskUbuntu, you're my only hope!

I have a very interesting question. My video card is an nvidia gt 730 and it supports 3 monitors. One VGA, 1 DVI and 1 HDMI. I have 2 monitors and both VGA. My second monitor's VGA cable at my computer is plugged in with an DVI changer. I keep having this Unknown display.

I suffer from the (apparently) widespread problem of Ubuntu 22.04 freezing completely after locking my screen. This is my system:

Thinkpad Laptop E480

• 64 bit system
• 8GB RAM
• Intel i5-8250 CPU @1.60 GHz
• Intel UHD Graphics 620
• Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
• Kernel: Linux 5.15.0-58-generic

This happens either if I lock it via Super + L or if the Laptop goes to auto-lock after a certain time. Meanwhile, I have de-activated the auto-lock. Funny enough, this started happening on Ubuntu 20.04, which is why I updated to 22.04, hoping the issue would be gone. Yet, it stayed.

Running echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE yields x11.

I have checked all related stuff here on Ask Ubuntu and elsewhere on the web, but no solution has helped so far. There is a lot of stuff going on regarding NVIDIA drivers, yet I am running an onboard Intel graphics card.

Things I tried so far that have not helped:

• Switching between gdm3 and lightdm
• Switching from Weyland ("Ubuntu") to "Ubuntu on Xorg" (using the settings wheel upon login)
• Newly installing all drivers (sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall)
• Made my swapfile significantly bigger (from 2GB to 11GB)
• Not a single keyboard combination worked so far (not Ctrl + Alt + F1 and not Ctrl + Alt + F2)

Any help is duly appreciated, I'm desperate. Next step would be to step away from Ubuntu and try some Ubuntu flavour or abandoning Ubuntu altogether, but that I really would like to avoid. Thanks!

If you need any further info on my system, please let me know.

after a reboot my Acer Laptop is stuck on a boot loop, in the upper left corner also appear the message "Reset System", I tried reinstalling ubuntu but this didn't solve the problem. I used boot-repair and pasted the log here:

https://paste.ubuntu.com/p/n8x8SBwpS9/

What can I do? Thank you in advance

I recently installed steam on my Kubuntu 20.04 LTS machine using the .deb from their website, and on launch, it opens a terminal asking me to install other Nvidia drivers.

I run Nvidia-driver-470 proprietary drivers on my 1660ti. (also tried nvidia-driver-495)

Other specs in my PC are:

• Core i7 8700
• 16GB RAM

The terminal shows this output when Steam opens at startup:

Steam needs to install these additional packages:
libc6:amd64 libc6:i386 libegl1:amd64 libegl1:i386 libgbm1:amd64 libgbm1:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1:amd64 libgl1:i386 libnvidia-gl-470:i386

Press return to proceed with the installation:
..............................W: An error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: [http://deb.anydesk.com]() all InRelease: The following signatures were invalid: EXPKEYSIG 18DF3741CDFFDE29 philandro Software GmbH [info@philandro.com]()
E: The repository '[http://ppa.launchpad.net/webupd8team/java/ubuntu]() focal Release' does not have a Release file.

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libc6 is already the newest version (2.31-0ubuntu9.2).
libegl1 is already the newest version (1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1).
libgl1 is already the newest version (1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1).
libc6:i386 is already the newest version (2.31-0ubuntu9.2).
libegl1:i386 is already the newest version (1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1).
libgl1:i386 is already the newest version (1.3.2-1~ubuntu0.20.04.1).
libgbm1 is already the newest version (21.3.3+git2112292205.a65ad66c47f~f~mesarc5).
libgl1-mesa-dri is already the newest version (21.3.3+git2112292205.a65ad66c47f~f~mesarc5).
libgbm1:i386 is already the newest version (21.3.3+git2112292205.a65ad66c47f~f~mesarc5).
libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 is already the newest version (21.3.3+git2112292205.a65ad66c47f~f~mesarc5).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libnvidia-cfg1-470 libnvidia-decode-470 libnvidia-encode-470 libnvidia-extra-470 libnvidia-fbc1-470 libxnvctrl0
nvidia-compute-utils-470 nvidia-dkms-470 nvidia-kernel-common-470 nvidia-kernel-source-470 nvidia-prime nvidia-settings nvidia-utils-470
python-is-python2 python3-pyudev screen-resolution-extra xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-470
Use 'apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libnvidia-gl-470 libnvidia-ifr1-470 nvidia-driver-470
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libnvidia-gl-470:i386
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
E: Packages need to be removed but remove is disabled.

Press return to continue: █

I press Enter after the 1st prompt, and it asks for the root password, then prints out what is seen in picture 1. After the second prompt pressing Enter closes the terminal window and opens steam immediately. It does this for every startup.

I have tried:

sudo apt-get remove --purge steam steam-launcher
rm -rf ~/.local/share/Steam && rm -rf ~/.steam
sudo apt clean && sudo apt -f install

Installing steam after that fixes nothing.

The worst of all is, most of the games don't even work. They either freeze or crash at startup or midway. And it is not only the games that use Proton (i use 6.3), games like Portal 2, which run natively I believe also crash.

I have googled and found no solutions so please help.

Results of sudo ubuntu-drivers devices:

└─[$] sudo ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00002182sv00001462sd0000375Abc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : TU116 [GeForce GTX 1660 Ti]
driver   : nvidia-driver-455 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-460 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-460-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-470-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-495 - third-party non-free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-450 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-465 - third-party non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

Results of apt list --installed | grep libnvidia:

apt list --installed | grep libnvidia                                                                                               [3:59:44]

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

libnvidia-cfg1-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-common-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 all [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-compute-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-decode-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-encode-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-extra-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-fbc1-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-gl-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]
libnvidia-ifr1-470/unknown,now 470.82.01-0ubuntu1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

Results of sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall                                                                                                     [4:18:44]
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-modules-nvidia-495-generic-hwe-20.04 : Depends: linux-modules-nvidia-495-5.11.0-43-generic (= 5.11.0-43.47~20.04.2) but it is not going to be installed
                                              Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-495 (>= 495.44) but 495.29.05-0ubuntu1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

All PPAs connected to Nvidia:

/etc/apt/sources.list:deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64/ /
/etc/apt/sources.list:# deb-src https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu2004/x86_64/ /

All PPAs connected to Steam:

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam.list:deb [arch=amd64,i386] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ stable steam
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam.list:deb-src [arch=amd64,i386] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ stable steam
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam.list:
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam.list:# Uncomment these lines to try the beta version of the Steam launcher
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam.list:#deb [arch=amd64,i386] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ beta steam
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/steam.list:#deb-src [arch=amd64,i386] https://repo.steampowered.com/steam/ beta steam

I just installed Kubuntu 20.04 and I have an Nvidia GTX 1050TI. Now I installed Ubuntu Studio 20.04 a year ago, and I was able to use the "Software Sources" application to install proprietary drivers for my graphics card without any issues, but now that I just switched Kubuntu 20.04 (dame computer, Fresh Install, No files from Ubuntu Studio's home folder were preserved), All the options in the Additional Drivers section of Software Sources are greyed out, and the only selected option is "Continue using a manually installed driver". Which is weird, since I didn't manually install any drivers.

How do I use a proprietary driver now (Like nvidia-390)?

Additional Drivers:

I have dual booted both the Windows 10 and Ubuntu 20.04 in a 512GB SSD. I have noticed that while using Ubuntu fan speed is very high & system gets overheated even when only a few applications are running, but while using Windows I did not notice much heat or any of these issues. Battery usage is much lower in Windows compared to Ubuntu.

Laptop specs:

Acer Aspire 5 Thin And Light Laptop Intel Core I5 11th Gen (8GB/512Gb SSD/Windows 10 Home/NVIDIA® GeForce® MX350 ) A515-56G With 39.6cm FHD Display/1.7kgs

top screenshot:

i7z is a real-time reporting tool for Intel Core i3, i5, and i7 processors. It displays CPU frequency, temperature, turbo boost states, and power management information in a console-based interface.

i7z:

Cpu speed from cpuinfo 2417.00Mhz
cpuinfo might be wrong if cpufreq is enabled. To guess correctly try estimating via tsc
Linux's inbuilt cpu_khz code emulated now
True Frequency (without accounting Turbo) 2419 MHz
CPU Multiplier 24x || Bus clock frequency (BCLK) 100.79 MHz

Socket [0] - [physical cores=4, logical cores=8, max online cores ever=4]
TURBO ENABLED on 4 Cores, Hyper Threading ON
Max Frequency without considering Turbo 2519.79 MHz (100.79 x [25])
Max TURBO Multiplier (if Enabled) with 1/2/3/4 Cores is  42x/42x/38x/38x
Real Current Frequency 1452.77 MHz [100.79 x 14.41] (Max of below)

[]      Core [core-id]  :Actual Freq (Mult.)      C0%   Halt(C1)%  C3 %   C6 %  Temp      VCore
Core 1 [0]:       1314.89 (13.05x)          1    99.5      0      0     56      0.6499
Core 2 [1]:       1303.81 (12.94x)          1    99.7      0      0     60      0.6349
Core 3 [2]:       1297.00 (12.87x)       1.59    99.1      0      0     57      0.6499
Core 4 [3]:       1452.77 (14.41x)          1    99.5      0      0     55      0.6525

C0 = Processor running without halting
C1 = Processor running with halts (States >C0 are power saver modes with cores idling)
C3 = Cores running with PLL turned off and core cache turned off
C6, C7 = Everything in C3 + core state saved to last level cache, C7 is deeper than C6
Above values in table are in percentage over the last 1 sec
[core-id] refers to core-id number in /proc/cpuinfo
'Garbage Values' message printed when garbage values are read
Ctrl+C to exit

I am fairly new to bash. I want to call a script located on a remote linux machine, passing some normal arguments and one array. The array contains string elements which may have spaces.

I wrote a minimal example:

on the server side: copyFiles.sh

#!/bin/bash

msg=$1  
msg2=$2
shift           
shift
arr=("$@") # Rebuild the array with rest of arguments
for ((i = 0; i < ${#arr[@]}; i++))
do
    echo $msg $msg2 "${arr[$i]}"
done

On the host side:

first="first"
second="second"
array=("arra y1" "array2" "array3")

plink -ssh username@hostname -pw mypwd -batch  " bash scripts/copyFiles.sh $first $second "${array[@]}" "

Output:

first second arra
first second y1
first second array2
first second array3

What I want:

first second arra y1
first second array2
first second array3

Thanks

I am looking for a translator from Spanish and Portuguese to english that can be used to translate thousand of texts automatically. I used to use google translator, but the recently it has presented several issues that are not consistently solvable (it seems that google changed his policy). Is there any good offline option for ubuntu?

The translation need not to be as good as the one of google, since I am working with natural language processing and a model that considers the idea of "bags of words". So, the most important is to translate well the keywords.

I created and enabled a service:

$ sudo systemctl enable /path/to/imaservice.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/imaservice.service → /path/to/imaservice.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/imaservice.service → /path/to/imaservice.service.

It exists and persists in both:

/etc/systemd/system/imaservice.service
/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/imaservice.service

I can now start/stop/status it happily. When I reboot, I can't start it. I get the following:

$sudo systemctl is-enabled imaservice
enabled

However:

$sudo systemctl start imaservice
Failed to start imaservice.service: Unit imaservice.service not found.

Every time I reboot, I have to re-enable with:

$sudo systemctl enable imaservice
$sudo systemctl daemon-reload

And after this it's back to normal.

What am I doing wrong?

How I can find my eth0 on my Ubuntu VPS?

$ ifconfig -a
  lo        
  Link encap:Local Loopback
  inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
  inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
  UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
  RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
  TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
  collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
  RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

  venet0
  Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
  inet addr:127.0.0.2  P-t-P:127.0.0.2  Bcast:0.0.0.0  
  Mask:255.255.255.255
  inet6 addr: 2a05:8b81:1000:180::e6a2/64 Scope:Global
  UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1500  Metric:1
  RX packets:85107 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
  TX packets:9331 errors:0 dropped:8 overruns:0 carrier:0
  collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
  RX bytes:125961662 (125.9 MB)  TX bytes:943045 (943.0 KB)

  venet0:0  
  Link encap:UNSPEC  HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
  inet addr:185.82.22.101  P-t-P:185.82.22.101  Bcast:185.82.22.101  
  Mask:255.255.255.255
  UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP  MTU:1500  Metric:1

Ubuntu 16 04 device descriptor read/64 error 110
login:

After an upgrade to 16.04, this is what I get when starting up. This is a dual boot system and win 8 starts fine but I cannot get past this on Ubuntu. At the beginning of the start up I get a message that it failed to load the kernel modules.

I'm new to Ubuntu. How can I fix it?

My apache root /var/www/html/ contains the following folders.

1. myapp
2. test
3. testapp

I want to create a new user to access only testapp folder (read/write). Other folders shouldn't be read.

I created a new user for for the group www-data (as www-data is the owner of the /var/www/html/) and I'm able to login via ssh as well. Now the problem is the new user is having access to all the 3 folders above. I need to restrict the user to have access only to testapp folder. (Other folders shouldn't be read by the new user)

Some people suggested to use chroot but it is unclear for me. Is there any way to restrict the www-data user only to a specific folder?

I'm trying to reconfigure some network kernel settings at /proc/sys/net/core in my container. But it seems some options are missing in docker ubuntu:14.04 so that i can't configure them. example:

$ sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=262144
sysctl: cannot stat /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max: No such file or directory

There're just a few options in my docker:

In my Host's Ubuntu:

$ ls /proc/sys/net/core/
bpf_jit_enable         message_burst           rmem_default           xfrm_acq_expires
busy_poll              message_cost            rmem_max               xfrm_aevent_etime
busy_read              netdev_budget           rps_sock_flow_entries  xfrm_aevent_rseqth
default_qdisc          netdev_max_backlog      somaxconn              xfrm_larval_drop
dev_weight             netdev_rss_key          warnings
flow_limit_cpu_bitmap  netdev_tstamp_prequeue  wmem_default
flow_limit_table_len   optmem_max              wmem_max

In my docker's Ubuntu:

$ ls /proc/sys/net/core/
somaxconn  xfrm_acq_expires  xfrm_aevent_etime  xfrm_aevent_rseqth  xfrm_larval_drop

I attempted to run docker with --net=none/default (I don't wanna use host) or --v /proc/sys/net:/proc/sys/net but nothing changes.

I read this from kernel.org: "/proc/sys/net ... You may see only some of them, depending on your kernel's configuration."

So is there any way to get fully options?

Thanks!