I am trying to upgrade an old linux machine from Ubuntu 20.04 to the latest LTS. I am being blocked by a single package failing to update.

When upgrading via the Software Updater, the upgrade fails with the error:

The repository 'https://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org focal Release' does not have a Release file.

I get the same error when running sudo apt update from the command line.

I previously installed TOR by downloading a tar file. I have attempted to purge all remnants of the installation from my machine but nothing seems to work.

So far I have tried:

• removing all tor related packages by checking the output of sudo apt list --installed | grep tor
• removing all entries in "Other Software" on the software and updates GUI
• deleting the torbrowser directory in ~/.local/share (this is where it was originally unpacked to)
• running a find on "*torproject*" and deleting the only matching file (deleted a cache file)
• running a find on "start-tor-browser.desktop"and deleting the only matching file (deleted another cache file)

I have rebooted a few times as well for good measure but I can't get rid of this error.

Do I have to pay for Ubuntu pro key when i need it just for 1 virtual machine?

On the website https://ubuntu.com/pro/subscribe it says:

"Free, personal subscription for 5 machines for you or any business you own, or 50 machines for active Ubuntu Community members. If you need phone support or need to cover more than 5 machines, please select "My organization.""

But I've read elsewhere that I need the paid version of Ubuntu Pro.

I burned Ubuntu onto a 2TB SSD using balena etcher on a Mac. ubuntu-24.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso

When I ran Ubuntu the first time on a PC that had my Server installed it trashed it. Completely erased.

I only want to install Ubuntu on the single SSD where I flashed the iso

Was the SSD changed when I first ran Ubuntu such that I need to re-flash the Ubuntu iso onto it? I want to be able to take the Ubuntu SSD to another PC and run it without trashing that PC also.

What options should I choose running Ubuntu the first time so it doesnt trash the pre-existing OS that was installed (uncorrupted) on the HDD? So that I can choose either OS at bootup? I have no remembrance of what options I chose this time to cause it to trash the installed OS.

I am in the process of upgrading from Ubuntu 22.04 to Ubuntu 24.04, and I'm having a problem with recovering some 10 plus years of Firefox bookmarks. The last few months of 22.04 Firefox became prone to freezing so I would have to reboot to clear it. In frustration I tried Chromium, but found it only slightly less prone to freezing, so I decided to upgrade to Ubuntu 24.04 to see if it would be any better.

That's when I discovered that Chromium had without any notice to me converted all my HTML Firefox bookmarks to JSON formatted Chromium bookmarks.

Is there:

1. A way to turn JSON back into HTML
2. A way to get Firefox to accept JSON bookmarks
3. Do I have to accept the fact that I am permanently cursed with Chromium?

I am trying to connect to my Ubuntu 25.10 running on a Dell XPS15 9550 using Windows 11 (24H2) RDP. I cannot make it work. I have spent many, many hours working both with Gemini and Claude, but neither of them have succeeded making it work. Does anyone know how to do this?

So I've bought a JBL Quantum 100M2

I've tested it on windows and It works flawlesly when I select the option "Headset" when I plug it. (Illustation bellow)

⬆️ Realtek input type select selection.

When I try to do the same thing in Ubuntu 25.10 there's no option for selecting the mic from my headset, and the default mic selected (family 17h/19h/1ah HD Audio Controller), only outputs white noise.

I've tried adding these headset options, individually, to the alsa config in /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf:

options snd-hda-intel model=headset-mode
options snd-hda-intel model=alc287-acer
options snd-hda-intel model=dell-headset-multi

I've also tried disabling fast boot in combination with the configs above, but with no success.

I have no experience at all with this type of configuration, is there an easy solution for this? Is this a known bug?

Additional info:

• Motherboard model: Nitro AN515-46
• Using pulseaudio 1.4.7
• I've tried using Analog stereo Duplex and Pro audio. Neither of those worked

I just installed Ubuntu for the first time on my MacBook Pro 2023, and I didn't have the option to connect to wifi at all. I searched here and tried everything, but nothing worked. Here's my terminal output with the Broadcom stuff.

01:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcam Inc. And subsidiaries Device [14e4:4434] (rev 04)

And then right below it:

01:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcam Inc. And subsidiaries Device [14e4:5f72](rev 04)

I run Xubuntu version 25.10 with Nvidia driver enabled in system settings. After installing the latest updates the screen shows some flickering. When I try to change to Xorg X open source driver on next reboot I have a black screen. By entering into recovery console I can sort of 'purge' the nvidia settings but still I cannot enable the open source driver without black screen. What is going wrong here?

Thanks for any advice on resolving this issue.

Best regards jd

(venv) PS D:\workspace\project_db> ssh -i "karachi-server-key.pem" ubuntu@3.1XX.XXX.61

Load key "karachi-server-key.pem": Permission denied

ubuntu@3.109.184.61: Permission denied (publickey).

logs are above as follows

I am a long-time Ubuntu user, and have been using this laptop with Ubuntu as the only OS since I bought it six years ago. I am currently running Ubuntu 25.10. The laptop has always booted up in around a minute or so. Recently I added a second screen for my coding work so I can ssh to Arduinos, ESP32s and my new toy, a Jetson Orin Nano. At first booting was as before, but I noticed that sometimes the Ubuntu symbol appeared on the second screen but without the login box, so I had no way of logging in.

I held down the power switch (I should have ran Alt-Print-reisub, but I forgot about that until now), and then powered it back on. This time both screens remained blank. I powered down again by holding down the power switch (bad I know) removed the second screen and powered back up. Nothing was happening on the screen, but the HDD LED was flashing now and then and sometimes the fan started up, but the screen remained blank for several minutes.

After a while I left the laptop to go and do something else. When I returned the login screen was there and everything worked as normal. I intend to shutdown properly now without the second screen connected to see if I can logon in a reasonable time frame next time, but I thought I'd ask if anyone here has had experienced this first.

Recently, I have been noticing that for Ubuntu 24.04.4, whenever the computer resumes from an automatic suspend mode, it actually did not suspend and resume. Rather, the computer logout and I was required to login again. I say this because a resume screen does not appear but the GDM login screen appears. Also, after login, I have to restart all my apps again.

Below are some info I can gather about the system, GPU and suspend log related to the suspend and resume event.

$ uname -a
Linux MACHINE 6.17.0-19-generic #19~24.04.2-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Mar  6 23:08:46 UTC 2 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 24.04.4 LTS
Release:    24.04
Codename:   noble

$ nvidia-smi --query-gpu=gpu_name,driver_version --format=csv,noheader   
NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5060 Ti, 590.48.01

$ journalctl -b | grep -i suspend
Apr 01 10:25:52 MACHINE systemd-logind[1659]: The system will suspend now!
Apr 01 10:25:52 MACHINE ModemManager[1793]: <msg> [sleep-monitor-systemd] system is about to suspend
Apr 01 10:25:56 MACHINE systemd[1]: Starting nvidia-suspend.service - NVIDIA system suspend actions...
Apr 01 10:25:56 MACHINE suspend[260828]: nvidia-suspend.service
Apr 01 10:25:56 MACHINE logger[260828]: <13>Apr  1 10:25:56 suspend: nvidia-suspend.service
Apr 01 10:25:58 MACHINE systemd[1]: nvidia-suspend.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr 01 10:25:58 MACHINE systemd[1]: Finished nvidia-suspend.service - NVIDIA system suspend actions.
Apr 01 10:25:58 MACHINE systemd[1]: nvidia-suspend.service: Consumed 1.280s CPU time.
Apr 01 10:25:58 MACHINE systemd[1]: Starting systemd-suspend.service - System Suspend...
Apr 01 10:25:58 MACHINE systemd-sleep[260850]: Performing sleep operation 'suspend'...
Apr 01 10:25:58 MACHINE kernel: PM: suspend entry (deep)

Apr 01 11:25:15 MACHINE kernel: printk: Suspending console(s) (use no_console_suspend to debug)
Apr 01 11:25:15 MACHINE kernel: PM: suspend exit
Apr 01 11:25:15 MACHINE systemd-sleep[260850]: System returned from sleep operation 'suspend'.
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE systemd[1]: systemd-suspend.service: Deactivated successfully.
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE systemd[1]: Finished systemd-suspend.service - System Suspend.
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE systemd[1]: systemd-suspend.service: Consumed 1.087s CPU time.
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE systemd[1]: Reached target suspend.target - Suspend.
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE systemd[1]: Stopped target suspend.target - Suspend.
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE suspend[261267]: nvidia-resume.service
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE logger[261267]: <13>Apr  1 11:25:16 suspend: nvidia-resume.service
Apr 01 11:25:16 MACHINE systemd-logind[1659]: Operation 'suspend' finished

The system used to be able to suspend and resume.

How to fix this issue?

Update: I noticed this gdm log for the Automatic Suspend event. These are its final few lines.

$ journalctl -b | grep -i gdm
....
Apr 01 10:25:35 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[261646]: (II) NVIDIA(GPU-0): Deleting GPU-0
Apr 01 10:25:35 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[261646]: (II) Server terminated successfully (0). Closing log file.
Apr 01 10:25:35 MACHINE gdm-launch-environment][261486]: pam_unix(gdm-launch-environment:session): session closed for user gdm
Apr 01 10:25:35 MACHINE gdm3[2357]: Gdm: Child process -261639 was already dead.
Apr 01 10:25:35 MACHINE gdm3[2357]: Gdm: on_display_removed: assertion 'GDM_IS_REMOTE_DISPLAY (display)' failed

I use fzf to searched for error and session at the timestamp of the automatic suspend event, and found a fatal server error.

$ journalctl -b |  grep 10:25 | fzf -m > error_session.log

$ cat error_session.log
Apr 01 10:25:34 MACHINE gnome-session[262658]: gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262985: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:34 MACHINE gnome-session[262658]: gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262939: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE gnome-session[262658]: gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262690: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE gnome-session[262658]: gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262687: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE gnome-session[262658]: gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262672: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:17 MACHINE gnome-session[244008]: gnome-session-binary[244008]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Failed to acquire idle monitor proxy: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Message recipient disconnected from message bus without replying
Apr 01 10:25:34 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262985: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:34 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262939: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262690: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262687: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[262658]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Could not create transient scope for PID 262672: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.UnixProcessIdUnknown: Failed to set unit properties: No such process
Apr 01 10:25:17 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[244008]: GnomeDesktop-WARNING: Failed to acquire idle monitor proxy: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Message recipient disconnected from message bus without replying
Apr 01 10:25:21 MACHINE gnome-session[261742]: gnome-session-binary[261742]: WARNING: Could not check if unit gnome-session-x11@gnome-login.target is active: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.freedesktop.systemd1: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Apr 01 10:25:21 MACHINE gnome-session-binary[261742]: WARNING: Could not check if unit gnome-session-x11@gnome-login.target is active: Error calling StartServiceByName for org.freedesktop.systemd1: Process org.freedesktop.systemd1 exited with status 1
Apr 01 10:25:30 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[262381]:         (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
Apr 01 10:25:19 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[261646]:         (WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
Apr 01 10:25:17 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.
Apr 01 10:25:34 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[262753]: Errors from xkbcomp are not fatal to the X server
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[262415]: Errors from xkbcomp are not fatal to the X server
Apr 01 10:25:23 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[261978]: Errors from xkbcomp are not fatal to the X server
Apr 01 10:25:22 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[261826]: Errors from xkbcomp are not fatal to the X server
Apr 01 10:25:21 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[261732]: Errors from xkbcomp are not fatal to the X server
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: Fatal server error:
Apr 01 10:25:32 MACHINE user-session-migration[262632]: Exited with an error

The lines after the Fatal server error at timestamp 10:25:16 are:

Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: Fatal server error:
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: (EE) EnterVT failed for screen 0
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: (EE)
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: (EE)
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]:          at http://wiki.x.org
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]:  for help.
Apr 01 10:25:16 MACHINE /usr/libexec/gdm-x-session[243731]: (EE) 

In response to @DanielT comment. I ran the command. These last 3 lines appears in yellow color. However, they don't seem related to my issue.

$ journalctl --user -b0
---
Apr 01 12:25:19 MACHINE gnome-shell[262700]: Can't update stage views actor unnamed [MetaWindowActorX11] is on because it needs an allocation.
Apr 01 12:25:19 MACHINE gnome-shell[262700]: Can't update stage views actor unnamed [MetaSurfaceActorX11] is on because it needs an allocation.
Apr 01 12:26:38 MACHINE gnome-text-edit[269410]: Broken accounting of active state for widget 0x576f6476e830(GtkPopoverMenu)

I rent two virtual servers at Strato. A few days ago I upgrade both machines via do-release-upgrade to Ubuntu 24.04 coming from 22.04. On one machine everything works fine, on the other one I have DNS name resolution problems. I found this question: DNS at systemd's 127.0.0.53 is ignoring some lookups and tried following the answer to that. I also had a look at https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/systemd/systemd-resolved/

As far as I could say, the systemd-resolved looked like it should. /etc/resolv.conf was a symlink to /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf I had the same content as on the other server where it works fine:

[Resolve]
DNS=85.214.154.81
DNS=2620:fe::fe
FallbackDNS=85.215.236.86

But after the upgrade to 24.04 name resolution was just impossible. I changed DNS server addresses, I removed the symlink und recreated it. I checked if there is any other software triing to make dns, but there wasn't. If I try to ping a domain like google.com I only get Temporary failure in name resolution

The only possibility I found to be able to have name resolution is to remove the symlink and instead make a plain file /etc/resolv.conf with nameserver 8.8.8.8 as the only content, other strato nameservers don't work there.

Then I can do apt update and upgrade and ping domains. But after a while without touching (I am not yet sure how long it takes, but it is less then 12 hours) name resolution again doesn't work. Even though systemd-resolved status says it runs, without failures. A restart of the service makes name resolution functioning again.

If I google for my problem, beneath the resolved things I mentioned above, most likely it is suggested I should check my netplan configuration. But there is no netplan configuration, beacuse netplan is not installed (on the other server, that doesn't have any problems, it is not installed either).

I checked local firewall, if there is anything outgoing blocked, but there isn't. I reinstalled systemd-resolved.

On this server I am only hosting a nextcloud, nothing else happens on this server.

I am pretty sure I forgot some information you would need to help me and also forget to write soemthin I already tried as I invested multiple hours in this till now. I appreciate any hint and help with this.

The weirdest part for me is, that 8.8.8.8 as nameserver in /etc/resolv.conf works, other servers, that are reachable by there IP don't. And if I set the symlink and write 8.8.8.8 as nameserver in /etc/systemd/resolved.conf it doesn't work either. I sure miss somethin here, but I don't get what...

Thanks in advance.

Okay, again I did now:

resolvectl log-level debug
resolvectl query example.com
journalctl -u systemd-resolved -b0

The output of uname -a is (behind the hostname):

5.4.0 #1 SMP Mon Sep 30 15:36:27 MSK 2024 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

I have a tower running Ubuntu server and I had it configured to always display the motd on ssh login. It has been doing so without error for months and it suddenly stopped displaying today. Went through the pam.d to see if the lines were there for it and they are. The sshd_config is set to use PAM and the print motd is uncommented and set to yes. The run-parts command prints the expected results of the motd as well, no errors. I don't know what could have caused this. tried rebooting to see if it was something odd with startup and it still wasn't working. All the files have execute privileges as well

Any ideas?

This was an active issue and incident as of March 21, 2026, with resolution on or about March 24, 2026.

This issue recurred on April 1, 2026.

I am seeing a question mark on my networking in Desktop and Network Manager but my network is functioning with internet. Sometimes I am told to 'sign in' to my network even though I am already connected. (Or in some cases, people are being asked to sign into Wi-Fi when they don't have Wi-Fi.)

Why is this?

Playing audio like Spotify playlist doesn't keep Ubuntu from suspending, when "suspend after [] minutes" is turned on. I tried to find a solution for a good long while in the process of switching to Ubuntu before giving up and turning off 'suspend automatically' entirely.

Playing videos, on the other hand, works just fine and will keep my PC's screen from turning off or my PC from suspending. It also doesn't suspend while downloading files.

To be clear: I don't want to prevent my screen from sleeping while there's only audio (no video) playing.

I tried this script but I'm not sure if I installed it correctly, or if there's some other issue. It didn't work when I tested it with Spotify and it in fact seemed to stop me from manually turning off my PC by clicking 'power off' (it froze on a half dimmed screen until I clicked the physical power button).

Of course, I'd like to suspend automatically after a set time when my PC is not playing audio, to save power. Is there any way to do this? Is it maybe Spotify itself that's the problem, and if I play my music in another app it won't automatically suspend?

I want to stop my PC from suspending while Spotify is playing, even when it's playing in the background (which is why the programs that keep your PC awake when there's a full-screen application aren't suitable).

I've been trying to get an HP Omnibook X 14" 2-in-1 to work with Kubuntu 25.04 for a while now. While I've found great success, I've recently run into an issue where the touchscreen stops responding after using the stylus.

The only error that shows up in the system journal is the following, which shows up whenever the stylus is used:

i2c_hid_acpi i2c-ELAN2514:00: i2c_hid_get_input: incomplete report (67/5631)

A few things of note:

• This only occurs when the input from the stylus is used, such as by Xournal++ or Konsole, but not when libinput debug-gui is observing input.
• When using libinput debug-events, the touchscreen appears to respond normally.
• When using libinput debug-gui, the blue rectangle representing the screen tracks input properly. However, the red dot representing the cursor itself does not move when the issue is presenting.
• The stylus continues to work.
• The touchscreen works again after logout, including sleep.
• Sometimes this temporarily resolves itself.

Specs:

• Kubuntu 25.04
• KDE 6.3.4
• Kernel: 6.14.0-28-generic
• HP Omnibook x 14"

I'm happy to share log files, given you tell me where to look.

Any help is appreciated. Thank you in advance.

To force Ubuntu 24.10 to use Wayland with Nvidia driver 565, I followed these steps:

1. Check and Set GDM Configuration: Edit the GDM configuration file to ensure Wayland is enabled:

   • Open a terminal and run: sudo nano /etc/gdm3/custom.conf
   • Make sure the line WaylandEnable=true is present and uncommented. Save and exit.
   • Restart GDM with: sudo systemctl restart gdm3.

2. Verify Nvidia Driver: Confirm the Nvidia driver is installed and functional:

   • Run nvidia-smi to check if the GPU is recognized and ensure the version is 565.

3. Kernel Parameter: If Wayland doesn’t work, add the kernel parameter nvidia-drm.modeset=1:

   • Edit /etc/default/grub with sudo nano /etc/default/grub,
   • Add nvidia-drm.modeset=1 to GRUB_DEFAULT_OPTIONS, via GRUB_DEFAULT_OPTIONS="quiet splash nvidia-drm.modeset=1"
   • Then run sudo update-grub and reboot.

This $XDG_SESSION_TYPE always outputs x11:

echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE -> x11

I verified the display server using the loginctl command at the login screen to check the GDM session. These are the couple of active sessions - TX 2070

If I install via Software & Updates - 560.35.x defaults to Wayland on Ubuntu 24.10 via the open kernel metapackage from nvidia-driver-560-open(proprietary, tested)

If I do a run method installation the 565.77 & 570.86.16 beta defaults to x11 and I can't switch to Wayland

I am getting the below error. I can boot into the older kernel, but am unable to do so into the newer one. I have a loaded server with information on it that I cannot lose, so I am hoping that someone can help me with a step-by-step guide on how to fix this.

Software being run is:

Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Kernel Linux 5.15.0.122-generic (but the version .124 is the one with the problem 122 is the one that is working)

Kernel panic:

on unknown-block(0,0)
[    2.426796] CPU: 30 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.15.0-124-generic #13
4-Ubuntu
[    2.426864] Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop
Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 09/17/2015
[    2.426950] Call Trace:
[    2.426983]  <TASK>
[    2.427012]  show_stack+0x52/0x5c
[    2.427052]  dump_stack_lvl+0x4a/0x63
[    2.427093]  dump_stack+0x10/0x16
[    2.427130]  panic+0x15c/0x33b
[    2.427168]  mount_block_root+0x144/0x1dd
[    2.427212]  mount_root+0x10c/0x11c
[    2.427251]  prepare_namespace+0x13f/0x191
[    2.427293]  kernel_init_freeable+0x18c/0x1b5
[    2.427337]  ? rest_init+0x100/0x100
[    2.427378]  kernel_init+0x1b/0x150
[    2.427415]  ? rest_init+0x100/0x100
[    2.427452]  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
[    2.427492]  </TASK>
[    2.427617] Kernel Offset: 0x3a200000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation ran
ge: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
[    2.427709] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs
on unknown-block(0,0) ]---
_

I have an AWS EC2 FIPS compliant 20.04 instance, I have applied the DISA STIGS to this instance, except for one. Every time I set the password for Single User mode I am no longer able to boot the server. Is this not possible on AWS? I have discovered some new information, this is only an issue with systems that are in FIPS mode. It seems like the prompt for the username and password comes up before TTYS0 is available for input. If I grab a screenshot of the machine it shows the prompt for a username, but the EC2 serial console is not available. For reference the instructions are below:

Discussion: To mitigate the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive information by entities that have been issued certificates by DoD-approved PKIs, all DoD systems (e.g., web servers and web portals) must be properly configured to incorporate access control methods that do not rely solely on the possession of a certificate for access.

Successful authentication must not automatically give an entity access to an asset or security boundary. Authorization procedures and controls must be implemented to ensure each authenticated entity also has a validated and current authorization. Authorization is the process of determining whether an entity, once authenticated, is permitted to access a specific asset. Information systems use access control policies and enforcement mechanisms to implement this requirement.

Access control policies include identity-based policies, role-based policies, and attribute-based policies. Access enforcement mechanisms include access control lists, access control matrices, and cryptography. These policies and mechanisms must be employed by the application to control access between users (or processes acting on behalf of users) and objects (e.g., devices, files, records, processes, programs, and domains) in the information system.

Check Text: Run the following command to verify the encrypted password is set:

$ sudo grep -i password /boot/grub/grub.cfg 

password_pbkdf2 root grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.MFU48934NJA87HF8NSD34493GDHF84NG 

If the root password entry does not begin with password_pbkdf2, this is a finding.

Fix Text: Configure the system to require a password for authentication upon booting into single-user and maintenance modes. 
 
Generate an encrypted (grub) password for root with the following command: 
 
$ grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 
Enter Password: 
Reenter Password: 
PBKDF2 hash of your password is grub.pbkdf2.sha512.10000.MFU48934NJD84NF8NSD39993JDHF84NG 

Using the hash from the output, modify the /etc/grub.d/40_custom file with the following command to add a boot password:

$ sudo sed -i '$i set superusers=\"root\"\npassword_pbkdf2 root <hash>' /etc/grub.d/40_custom 

where <hash> is the hash generated by grub-mkpasswd-pbkdf2 command.

Generate an updated "grub.conf" file with the new password by using the following command:

$ sudo update-grub

Origanally I have posted this question on stackoverflow, due to the fact it is the wrong forum. I'm asking the question again here with some extra information I have gathered.

I'm looking into creating a script in bash for automating my update-u^grade process for all my virtual machiens as a homelabber.

I'm a developer but currently not have that good knowledge of bash:

My current script is pretty simple:

#!/bin/sh

apt update -y
apt upgrade -y
apt autoremove -y

After some answers on Stack Overflow and some research on this forum I missed the DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive part, so I tested with this command: sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt upgrade -y but still without good results.

The problem is that all my virtual machines have the sh config file edited with a /etc/issue.net included since this is a standard security practice founded on every information I could gather. Due to the fact that this file has been edited, while upgrading the ssh-server package it asks what I want to do. By default it will take the local edited version but it requires the user to press Enter When trying the command above I still had to press Enter, however after the upgrade was done I discovered in the terminal NEEDRESTART DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive service.

Is it possible after env variable change it need a restart to take affect? Due to the fact that the ssh package does not always have an upgrade available is there something I can do to test this?

And/or as last question: Does the env variable not change the effect for the user input?

I haven't tested my script on cron tab to see if it's is working or not due to the fact again that there is not always an upgrade available.

2,896 kB]
Get:45 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 linux-headers-generic amd64 5.15.0.79.76 [2,346 B]
Get:46 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.15.0-79.86 [1,338 kB]
Get:47 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 modemmanager amd64 1.20.0-1~ubuntu22.04.2 [1,094 kB]
Get:48 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 python3-debian all 0.1.43ubuntu1.1 [107 kB]
Get:49 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 thermald amd64 2.4.9-1ubuntu0.3 [222 kB]
Get:50 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 ubuntu-server amd64 1.481.1 [2,736 B]
Get:51 http://be.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 cloud-init all 23.2.2-0ubuntu0~22.04.1 [533 kB]
Fetched 986 MB in 30s (32.8 MB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 125436 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../motd-news-config_12ubuntu4.4_all.deb ...
Unpacking motd-news-config (12ubuntu4.4) over (12ubuntu4.3) ...
Preparing to unpack .../base-files_12ubuntu4.4_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking base-files (12ubuntu4.4) over (12ubuntu4.3) ...
Setting up base-files (12ubuntu4.4) ...
Installing new version of config file /etc/issue ...

Configuration file '/etc/issue.net'
==> Modified (by you or by a script) since installation.
==> Package distributor has shipped an updated version.
  What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
   Y or I  : install the package maintainer's version
   N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
     D     : show the differences between the versions
     Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
The default action is to keep your current version.
*** issue.net (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ?
Progress: [  1%] [#............................................................]

On my lubuntu 22.04 I need to change the file /etc/hosts. To do that I would to execute the command:

> /usr/bin/cp /path/to/new_hosts /etc/hosts

by a non root user without the sudo command. To do this I have add the following line to the file /etc/sudoers:

<username> ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/cp /path/to/new_hosts /etc/hosts

By previous directive the user can replace the file /etc/hosts by the file new_hosts without inserting the root password.

I have checked the correct syntax of /etc/sudoers by the command:

> sudo visudo -c /etc/sudoers

The output of the command is:

/etc/sudoers: parsed OK
/etc/sudoers.d/10-installer: parsed OK
/etc/sudoers.d/README: parsed OK
/etc/sudoers.d/kdesu-sudoers: parsed OK

The message /etc/sudoers: parsed OK assures me that the syntax of /etc/sudoers is correct.

When I execute the cp command by a terminal the result is Permission denied.

Where is the mistake?

I just installed Ubuntu Server 20.04.2 LTS and have a situation where it 'hangs' after booting up.

It gets to (what I guess is) the end of the boot process, and hangs on a line saying:

cloud-init [1781]: YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS,182 - cc_final_message.py[WARNING]: Used fallback datasource

The date and time changes with each boot - not sure if the '182' is part of the timestamp - I think it is, since it also changes each time.

Initially, I could press 'Enter' and it would go to login, but now it is just hanging there, and never gets to login.

I can access the server over SSH no problem, and I cannot see anything that is not working once I am in.

I found these from a while back:

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2446855 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/64486060/cloud-init-not-executing-vra-cloud-config-script

which imply that it is not an issue, but pressing Enter does not get me to the login prompt now.

I have a "HP ZBook 15v G5" which I'm trying to get the "recommended" Nvidia graphics drivers working with.

Running the following suggests nvidia-driver-455 are the recommended ones:

➜  ~ ubuntu-drivers devices           
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001CBCsv0000103Csd0000847Bbc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GP107GLM [Quadro P600 Mobile]
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-418-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-455 - third-party free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-440-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-450-server - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-450 - distro non-free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

But when I try to install them automatically I get:

➜  ~ sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall            
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies.
 linux-modules-nvidia-455-generic-hwe-20.04 : Depends: nvidia-kernel-common-455 (<= 455.38-1) but 455.45.01-0ubuntu0.20.04.1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Not sure if it's worth noting I did upgrade from Ubuntu 18.04 but hadn't got them working on that either.

Apologies if this is obvious, don't have much experience with graphics drivers on Ubuntu yet.

Appears I'm using the Nouveau display drivers at the moment, and I'm trying to update them to the Nvidia ones because occasionally my second monitor will go black for 10 or 15 seconds when switching applications, and then come back again:

A certain cellphone maker has changed the default format of taking pictures to HEIF (.HEIC, High Efficiency Image File Format), without asking the users (although there is still the option to use jpeg/jpg).

Is there an app/program on Ubuntu that can open and/or convert HEIF-pictures and even let them be edited?

I recently bought a new laptop (Acer Aspire One Cloudbook 14) and wanted to install Ubuntu (14.04.3) on it. I put it on a USB following this guide: http://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop/create-a-usb-stick-on-windows

I erased Windows 10 and installed Ubuntu. I honestly don't remember how the installation initially went as I have been trying to fix this issue for over 12 hours, I know it didn't go too smoothly, as I remember the screen showed a few errors during installation but it eventually loaded, and other than the touch pad not working, it seemed fine.

On the reboot however, I was unable to even log in.

Boot mode: Legacy:

If I have the boot mode set to Legacy, it takes me to a GNU Grub thing if my hard drive is highest priority in boot order, listing a few options (see the picture bellow).

If I select Ubuntu, that is when I get the messed up screen and Kernel panic - not syncing: IO-APIC + timer doesn't work error.

If I have USB as highest priority (again in Legacy mode) it takes me to the installation menu, though I suspect it doesn't look the way it is suppose to, but that's how it looked when I first installed it, the difference now is whether I select install Ubuntu or try without installing I get the same kernel panic error that I mentioned earlier.

[    0.320288] Call Trace:
[    0.320860]  [<c16c1244>] dump_stack+0x41/0x52
[    0.320936]  [<c16bc403>] panic+0x87/0x1a5
[    0.321013]  [<c1a76103>] check_timer+0x3a9/0x537
[    0.321089]  [<c1a76e30>] setup_IO_APIC+0x170/0x182
[    0.321164]  [<c1a70872>] ? enable_IO_APIC+0xc0/0xcf
[    0.321241]  [<c1a72f50>] native_smp_prepare_cpus+0x323/0x366
[    0.321319]  [<c16a02d4>] ? packet_rcv_spkt+0x124/0x160
[    0.321396]  [<c1a60d40>] kernel_init_freeable+0xa8/0x1eb
[    0.321473]  [<c16b51a0>] kernel_init+0x10/0xe0
[    0.321549]  [<c16c7881>] ret_from_kernel_thread+0x21/0x30
[    0.321637]  [<c16b5190>] ? rest_init+0x70/0x70
[    0.321728] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: IO-APIC + timer doesn't work.
with apic=debug and send a report.  Then try booting with the 'noapic' option.
[    0.321728]

Boot mode: UEFI:

If I run it in UEFI mode, it says "No bootable device" whether my hard drive (or whatever the equivalent is on this laptop) or USB is priority.

I believe I installed Ubuntu in Legacy mode by accident, which maybe caused this issue?

I have been searching online for many hours, but could not find an issue that was close enough to mine, and already tried many of the solutions of problems that were similar. Like disabling secure boot, trying different boot modes, and nothing is listed if I try to select a trusted UEFI file when hard drive is priority, if USB is priority, it just lists files that are on the USB, none of which can be selected.

Laptop Specs:

   Intel Celeron N3050 processor Dual-core 1.60 GHz
   Intel HD Graphics with Shared Memory
   2 GB, DDR3L SDRAM
   32 GB Flash Memory

I'm looking for a graphics program that will permit me to make a watermark on photographs. Can anyone advise me on this? Thank you.

I own a new Lenovo S20-30 laptop which came with Windows 8.1 preinstalled with the hard drive partitioned. I want to convert this laptop to Ubuntu 15.4. with NO dual boot. I want it to be an exclusive Linux machine. This laptop can boot off the E Drive with a USB Drive.

I used a brand new Kingston 4 GB USB Drive. I followed Ubuntu installation instructions to the letter

1. I went to Pendrivelinux.com and downloaded the Universal USB Installer V1.9.5.9 to my USB Drive.

2. I went to Ubuntu and downloaded Ubuntu Linux V15.04 to my USB Drive.

3. Using The Universal USB Installer I installed Ububtu Linux 5.4 on my USB Drive.

4. My BIOS is updated to the latest BIOS from Lenovo's Website, which was posted on March 9, 2015, Filename/BIOS Version: accn22ww(v2.08&v1.1).

5. My BIOS is configured to boot from the USB Drive first

6. When I reboot the USB Drive is not recognized as a boot drive and the system still boots into Windows.

Again, I want to boot up and install Ubuntu Linux 15.04 and have the system be an exclusive LINUX machine. I have an identical Lenovo S20-30 rynning the standard Windows 8.1 and want to compare functionality and performance running the same applications on identical machines.

Has anyone installed Ubuntu Linux on a Lenovo S20-30 before?

What do I need to troubleshoot and check?

I am an experienced Windows person but new to Linux so please be gentle and don't assume I know much about Linux. That's what this is all about, I want to become Linux expert and hope I can one day soon be fully on Ubuntu Linux and never look back

I went back in to my BIOS and look at the configuration very carefully setting by setting. I was finally able to find the best combination of BIOS settings to get my Lenovo S20-30 to boot up from my USB Drive and Ubuntu 15.4 is fully installed now as the ONLY operating system on myS20-30.

I have painstakingly documented every BIOS setting below along with the settings I changed to sucessfully boot up from my Ubuntu Boot USB.

So now its time tolearn learn learn Ubuntu. I hope my post below proves helpful to others.

Here is some additional BIOS Information

Information: Product Name: LenovoS20-20 BIOS Version (Mostcurrent): ACCN22WW(V2.0) EC Version:ACEC22WW(V1.1) CPU: Intel CeleronCPU N2830 @ 2.16GHz Windows License: WIN

Configuration: USB XHCI Controller: Enabled Wireless: Enabled SATA ControllerMode: AHCI Power Beep: Disabled BIOS Back Flashisabled Hotkey Mode: Enabled

Security: Supervisor Password:Not Installed User Password: NotInstalled HDD Password: NotSet Secure Boot: Enabled Secure Boot Status:Enabled Platform Mode: UserMode Reset to Setup Mode: Enter Restore FactoryKeys: Enter

Boot: Boot Mode: UEFI is set now. The only other option to select is Legacy SupportSee the note below USB Boot: Enabled

Note for Boot Mode:the information window states: Windows 8 or 8.1 64 Bit please useUEFI Boot Mode. Other Legacy OS please use Legacy Support Mode

Additionally I havereset the Bios to Legacy Support with the same result whenbooting up

When selecting BootMode of Legacy First I am presented with two choices for“Boot Priority”. 1. Legacy First 2. UEFI First

Withthe following note: Determine EFI Device first or LegacyDevice first. If Enable it is the EFI Device first,If Disable it is the Legacy Device First

I did cold boots with each combination selected: UnsuccessfulBoot configuration to boot from the USB Drive: LegacySupport UEFI First

Successful Bootconfiguration to boot from the USB Drive: Legacy Support

Legacy Device First

I installed Ubuntu as a dual boot on a Lenovo X1 Carbon 3rd gen (with Windows 8.1, UEFI etc.; let's call it "Machine A"). I had some issue with Ubuntu there, so I removed like 3 partitions (from Windows tool) - one had 1MB, the other was main, the other was seemingly Lord fix this partition. I did not remove any other partitions that looked like the ones aimed at dealing with some internal stuff (such as deep sleep or recovery).

When I created startup disk (USB) on some other Ubuntu machine (let's call it "Machine B"), and restarted Machine A to boot from USB stick, then selected custom boot source (the mentioned USB), I saw boot loader (GRUB?) with option to Install Ubuntu, but when I selected it, I saw the following boots screen:

[    0.329678] Error parsing PCC subspaces from PCCT
[    0.329694] ACPI PCC probe failed.
[    0.477876] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[    0.477900] CPU: 1 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.19.0-15-generic #15-Uuntu
[    0.477919] Hardware name: LENOVO 20BS0068PB/20BS0068PB, BIOS N14ET26W (1.04 ) 01/23/2015
[    0.477939]  fffea000313a480 ffff8802241efdb8 ffffffff817c2205 0000000000002892
(...)
[    0.478009] Call Trace:
(...)
[    0.478155]  [<ffffffff817b6ae0>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
[    0.478175] Kernel Offset: 0x0 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
[    0.478200] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)

As you can see, there is a kernel panic related to this installation, and I am not sure what could I do to debug the issue.

Windows 8.1 is starting properly when selected as boot source, but I have some issues with virtual machines running Ubuntu (they look like they're experiencing the same issue that my machine had with that first Ubuntu installation).

Do you have any ideas on how to fix the problem, or at least can you fetch more information on it?

Kernel panic:

[    0.342449] Error parsing PCC subspaces from PCCT
[    0.342466] ACPI PCC probe failed.
[    0.489803] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[    0.489826] CPU: 2 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 3.19.0-15-generic #15-Ubuntu
[    0.489845] Hardware name: LENOVO 20BS0068PB/20BS0068PB, BIOS N14ET26W (1.04 ) 01/23/2015
[    0.489865]  ffffca000313c480 ffff8802241efdb8 ffffffff817c2205 0000000000002888
[    0.489887]  ffff880181a81d28 ffff8802241efe38 ffffffff817bf75d ffff8802241efe28
[    0.489910]  ffff880200000010 ffff8802241efe48 ffff8802241efde8 000000000000ffff
[    0.489932] Call Trace:
[    0.489942]  [<ffffffff817c2205>] dump_stack+0x45/0x57
[    0.489956]  [<ffffffff817bf75d>] panic+0xc1/0x1f5
[    0.489970]  [<ffffffff81d4d534>] mount_block_root+0x296/0x2a5
[    0.489986]  [<ffffffff81d4e143>] initrd_load+0xd1/0x2f9
[    0.490000]  [<ffffffff81d4d7bc>] prepare_namespace+0xdf/0x1a6
[    0.490015]  [<ffffffff81d4d1bf>] kernel_init_freeable+0x1e4/0x1f9
[    0.490032]  [<ffffffff817b6ae0>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
[    0.490046]  [<ffffffff817b6aee>] kernel_init+0xe/0xf0
[    0.490060]  [<ffffffff817c9298>] ret_from_fork+0x58/0x90
[    0.490074]  [<ffffffff817b6ae0>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
[    0.490110] Kernel Offset: 0x0 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range: 0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
[    0.490135] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
_

I've been trying to search for solutions for days now but still to no avail. It's really starting to frustrate me.

See I have this gamepad (DragonRise Inc. Generic USB Joystick) which is functioning great except the rumble effect.

I've tried installing in on a Windows system through VM and another in a Windows PC and at both times, the rumble effect worked.

But the thing is, even on the Windows systems, the rumble effect needed a driver for it to work which I also installed on my Ubuntu using Wine. (I'm not sure if THAT's the issue)

And on another note, when I was on Windows, the emulator I was using to test the rumble effect (Dolphin) there were two choices on the dropdown menu for installed joystick devices. One of which is "DInput/0/USB Vibration Stick" and the other one is "SDL/0/USB Vibration Stick". Both of them are my DragonRise Joystick BUT if I chose the DInput, the rumble effect works, and if I chose the SDL it WONT WORK.

Screenshot:

When I went to try on the Dolphin Emulator in Ubuntu, and clicked the dropdown menu, ONLY the "SDL" appeared and there is no "DInput" on the choices.

Screenshot:

My question, how do I install my gamepad on Ubuntu so that the DInput WILL appear together with the SDL? I have a feeling the rumble effect will work once it's installed.

Sorry for the long post. I hope I will get a response soon. I'm really getting frustrated.

P.S. What are DInput and SDL anyway?

Today I installed:

1. Ubuntu 12.04
2. Oracle JDK 7 and 8
3. IntelliJ 11.1.4

I setup my JAVA_HOME path to point to JDK 7.

When I run IntelliJ I get this message:

Gtk-Message: Failed to load module "canberra-gtk-module"

Is this a problem or can I over look this?