I have Ubuntu Server installed. I want to add VMs for lab purposes. How do I go about installing a KVM?

I am unable to get sound from my wired Schneider earphones on Ubuntu 22.04. The system does not seem to recognize the physical connection of the 3.5mm jack.

The Issue:

In Gnome Sound Settings, the "Output Device" list is empty and the speaker test shows "Testing (null)".

AlsaMixer recognizes the card as HDA Intel PCH with a Realtek ALC1220 chip.

All channels (Master, PCM, Front, etc.) are unmuted and show "OO", but there is no dedicated "Headphone" slider appearing in the list.

What I have tried:

• I have checked alsamixer and ensured everything is unmuted.

• I attempted to edit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf by adding options snd-hda-intel dmic_detect=0, but this did not resolve the issue.

• I have explored the system information files in /proc/asound/, and the card is correctly listed by the kernel.

System Details:

• OS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS

• Audio Chip: Realtek ALC1220

• Device: Wired 3.5mm earphones

How can I force the system to detect the headphone jack or manually map the output to the 3.5mm port?

I'd like to be able to use more up-to-date LLVM packages provided by their apt repository, and also be able to run Steam on the same system.

After installing clang and some other tools, steam wont launch, when it comes up it complains about packages:

Steam needs to install these additional packages:
libc6:amd64 libc6:i386 libegl1:amd64 libegl1:i386 libgbm1:amd64 libgbm1:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:amd64 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 libgl1:amd64 libgl1:i386 libnvidia-gl-580:i386 steam-libs-i386:i386

Press return to proceed with the installation: 
.................
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
libc6 is already the newest version (2.39-0ubuntu8.6).
libc6:i386 is already the newest version (2.39-0ubuntu8.6).
libegl1 is already the newest version (1.7.0-1build1).
libgbm1 is already the newest version (25.0.7-0ubuntu0.24.04.2).
libgl1-mesa-dri is already the newest version (25.0.7-0ubuntu0.24.04.2).
libgl1 is already the newest version (1.7.0-1build1).
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 mesa-libgallium:i386 : Depends: libllvm20:i386 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Press return to continue: 

If I try to manually install that package I get this:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  apg cups-pk-helper docbook-xml evolution-data-server-common gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-gck-2 gir1.2-gcr-4 gir1.2-gdm-1.0 gir1.2-geoclue-2.0 gir1.2-gnomeautoar-0.1 gir1.2-gnomebg-4.0
  gir1.2-gnomebluetooth-3.0 gir1.2-gnomedesktop-3.0 gir1.2-gweather-4.0 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-4.1 gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-6.0 gir1.2-nm-1.0 gir1.2-nma4-1.0 gir1.2-notify-0.7 gir1.2-polkit-1.0
  gir1.2-rsvg-2.0 gir1.2-snapd-2 gir1.2-soup-3.0 gir1.2-totem-1.0 gir1.2-totemplparser-1.0 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gkbd-capplet gnome-control-center-faces gnome-online-accounts gnome-session-common
  gnome-shell-common grilo-plugins-0.3-base gstreamer1.0-libcamera gstreamer1.0-pipewire icu-devtools libass9 libavfilter9 libb2-1 libbs2b0 libcamel-1.2-64t64 libcamera0.2 libclang-common-20-dev
  libclang-rt-20-dev libcolord-gtk4-1t64 libdc1394-25 libdecor-0-0 libdecor-0-plugin-1-gtk libdouble-conversion3 libdrm-amdgpu1 libdrm-nouveau2 libdrm-radeon1 libdvdnav4 libdvdread8t64
  libebackend-1.2-11t64 libebook-1.2-21t64 libebook-contacts-1.2-4t64 libecal-2.0-3 libedata-book-1.2-27t64 libedata-cal-2.0-2t64 libedataserver-1.2-27t64 libei1 libeis1 libfftw3-double3 libflite1
  libfreerdp-server3-3 libgc1 libgdm1 libglu1-mesa libgnome-bluetooth-ui-3.0-13 libgnome-rr-4-2t64 libgnomekbd-common libgnomekbd8 libgoa-backend-1.0-2 libgom-1.0-0t64 libgrilo-0.3-0 libgsound0t64
  libgssdp-1.6-0 libgupnp-1.6-0 libgupnp-av-1.0-3 libgupnp-dlna-2.0-4 libicu-dev libinput-bin libinput10 libjack-jackd2-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-4.1-0 libjavascriptcoregtk-6.0-1 liblilv-0-0
  liblttng-ust-common1t64 liblttng-ust-ctl5t64 liblttng-ust1t64 libmalcontent-0-0 libmanette-0.2-0 libmd4c0 libmediaart-2.0-0 libminizip1t64 libmtdev1t64 libmujs3 libmysofa1 libnvidia-cfg1-580
  libnvidia-common-580 libnvidia-compute-580:i386 libnvidia-decode-580:i386 libnvidia-decode-580 libnvidia-egl-wayland1 libnvidia-encode-580:i386 libnvidia-encode-580 libnvidia-extra-580
  libnvidia-fbc1-580:i386 libnvidia-fbc1-580 libobjc-13-dev libobjc4 libopenal-data libopenal1 libopengl0 libpfm4 libphonenumber8 libplacebo338 libpocketsphinx3 libpostproc57 libprotobuf32t64
  libqt6core5compat6 libqt6core6t64 libqt6dbus6t64 libqt6network6t64 libqt6qml6 libqt6qmlmodels6 librest-1.0-0 librubberband2 librygel-core-2.8-0 librygel-db-2.8-0 librygel-renderer-2.8-0
  librygel-server-2.8-0 libserd-0-0 libsixel1 libsndio7.0 libsord-0-0 libsphinxbase3t64 libspice-server1 libsratom-0-0 libsysmetrics1 libtotem0 libts0t64 libtss2-tcti-libtpms0t64
  libtss2-tcti-spi-helper0t64 libtss2-tctildr0t64 libunibreak5 libva-wayland2 libvidstab1.1 libwoff1 libx11-6:i386 libxau6:i386 libxcb-damage0 libxcb-dri2-0 libxcb-glx0 libxcb-icccm4 libxcb-image0
  libxcb-keysyms1 libxcb-present0 libxcb-randr0 libxcb-render-util0 libxcb-res0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-sync1 libxcb-xfixes0 libxcb-xkb1 libxcb-xv0 libxcb1:i386 libxcvt0 libxdmcp6:i386 libxext6:i386
  libxfont2 libxkbcommon-x11-0 libxklavier16 libxml2-dev libxnvctrl0 libxpresent1 libxshmfence1 libxss1 libxvmc1 libxxf86dga1 libzimg2 libzix-0-0 mobile-broadband-provider-info mutter-common
  mutter-common-bin network-manager-gnome nvidia-compute-utils-580 nvidia-kernel-source-580-open nvidia-prime nvidia-settings nvidia-utils-580 ocl-icd-libopencl1:i386 pocketsphinx-en-us
  policykit-1-gnome power-profiles-daemon python3-cups python3-cupshelpers python3-distupgrade python3-mutagen python3-pycryptodome python3-update-manager python3-websockets qt6-translations-l10n rygel
  screen-resolution-extra sgml-data switcheroo-control system-config-printer-common system-config-printer-udev tecla totem-common ubuntu-release-upgrader-core update-manager-core update-notifier-common
  x11-apps x11-session-utils x11-xkb-utils xbitmaps xcvt xdg-dbus-proxy xfonts-base xfonts-scalable xinit xinput xserver-common xserver-xorg-legacy yelp-xsl yt-dlp
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libatomic1:i386 libedit2:i386 libffi8:i386 libicu74:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libxml2:i386
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  clang-20 clang-tools-20 code evolution-data-server gdm3 gir1.2-mutter-14 gir1.2-webkit-6.0 gir1.2-webkit2-4.1 gnome-calendar gnome-control-center gnome-initial-setup gnome-remote-desktop
  gnome-session-bin gnome-shell gnome-shell-extension-appindicator gnome-shell-extension-desktop-icons-ng gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-tiling-assistant gnome-snapshot
  gnome-startup-applications gnome-user-docs google-chrome-stable gstreamer1.0-gl gstreamer1.0-gtk3 libavdevice60 libclang-cpp20 libclang1-20 libedataserverui-1.2-4t64 libedataserverui4-1.0-0t64
  libegl-mesa0 libegl1 libgbm1 libgl1 libgl1-mesa-dri libglx-mesa0 libglx0 libgstreamer-gl1.0-0 libgtk-4-media-gstreamer libllvm20 libmutter-14-0 libnvidia-gl-580 libqt6gui6t64 libqt6multimedia6
  libqt6opengl6t64 libqt6printsupport6t64 libqt6quick6 libqt6svg6 libqt6waylandclient6 libqt6waylandcompositor6 libqt6waylandeglclienthwintegration6 libqt6waylandeglcompositorhwintegration6
  libqt6widgets6t64 libqt6wlshellintegration6 libsdl2-2.0-0 libva-glx2 libvirglrenderer1 libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0 libwebkitgtk-6.0-4 libxatracker2 libyelp0 llvm-20 llvm-20-dev llvm-20-linker-tools
  llvm-20-runtime llvm-20-tools mesa-libgallium mesa-vulkan-drivers mpv nvidia-driver-580-open qemu-system-gui qemu-system-modules-opengl qemu-system-modules-spice qt6-gtk-platformtheme qt6-qpa-plugins
  qt6-wayland steam-libs-amd64 totem totem-plugins ubuntu-desktop ubuntu-desktop-minimal ubuntu-docs ubuntu-release-upgrader-gtk ubuntu-session update-manager update-notifier wireshark x11-utils xorg
  xserver-xephyr xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-all xserver-xorg-input-libinput xserver-xorg-input-wacom xserver-xorg-video-all xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu xserver-xorg-video-ati
  xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-intel xserver-xorg-video-nouveau xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-580 xserver-xorg-video-qxl xserver-xorg-video-radeon xserver-xorg-video-vesa
  xserver-xorg-video-vmware xwayland yelp
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libatomic1:i386 libedit2:i386 libffi8:i386 libicu74:i386 libllvm20:i386 libstdc++6:i386 libxml2:i386
0 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 107 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 48.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 2421 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] ^C

Any tips on how best to solve this? or maybe what is going on here? it seems strange that the 32bit version would conflict with the 64bit version

EDIT:

$ cat /etc/lsb-release 
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=24.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=noble
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS"

This may not be the right place for this, but is there no way to tell ubuntu "upgrades" to leave my software the 'ell alone?! "upgrading" from 22.04 wants to REMOVE kicad, gimp, darktable, dvdstyler, libreoffice, obs-studio and playonlinux. I don't WANT my software removed. This why I DESPISE "upgrading." Is there no way I can override that?

I reinstalled Ubuntu 24.04.2 on my Laptop.

I have 2 SSD disks each containing 3 partitions (1GB-/boot, 2GB-/boot/efi, 417GB-/)

I installed Ubuntu on Sabrent drive (2nd Toshiba drive should be empty).

I have noticed that symbolic links /dev/nvme0n1 and /dev/nvme0n1 are randomly associated to '/' path on reboots.

I start getting 'Failed to spawn executor - Input/output error' errors every time system comes back up after suspend, it goes to command line mode and stops responding with the error message printing for all services.

Here are the disk related logs when system boots up:

2026-01-05T14:30:04.512494-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Started systemd-udevd.service - Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512541-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[674]: nvme1n1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme1n1' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512546-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Finished systemd-udev-trigger.service - Coldplug All udev Devices.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512553-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[680]: nvme1n1p3: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme1n1p3' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512559-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[693]: nvme0n1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512568-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[679]: dm-0: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/dm-0' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512579-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[689]: nvme1n1p2: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme1n1p2' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512590-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[674]: nvme1n1p1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme1n1p1' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512597-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[698]: nvme0n1p3: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p3' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512602-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[679]: nvme0n1p2: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p2' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512610-08:00 my-laptop (udev-worker)[693]: nvme0n1p1: Process '/usr/bin/unshare -m /usr/bin/snap auto-import --mount=/dev/nvme0n1p1' failed with exit code 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512617-08:00 my-laptop mtp-probe: checking bus 1, device 2: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb1/1-9"
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512624-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Found device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-f3f87ad3\x2dac8f\x2d4053\x2db82c\x2d494469cda71b.device - Sabrent 3.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512636-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Found device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-8404e1e3\x2dc267\x2d4fe7\x2d9d02\x2db97d065d7e2a.device - Sabrent 2.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512643-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Found device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-C581\x2dA86F.device - Sabrent 1.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512677-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: systemd-fsck-root.service - File System Check on Root Device was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionPathExists=!/run/initramfs/fsck-root).
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512685-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Starting systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-8404e1e3\x2dc267\x2d4fe7\x2d9d02\x2db97d065d7e2a.service - File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/8404e1e3-c267-4fe7-9d02-b97d065d7e2a...
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512702-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Starting systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-C581\x2dA86F.service - File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/C581-A86F...
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512720-08:00 my-laptop kernel: Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.11.0-17-generic root=/dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv ro quiet splash vt.handoff=7
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512722-08:00 my-laptop kernel: Unknown kernel command line parameters "splash BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-6.11.0-17-generic", will be passed to user space.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512837-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Started systemd-fsckd.service - File System Check Daemon to report status.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512860-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[752]: /dev/nvme1n1p2: recovering journal
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512923-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[752]: /dev/nvme1n1p2: clean, 317/131072 files, 52274/524288 blocks
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512931-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: fsck.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512939-08:00 my-laptop kernel: devtmpfs: initialized
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512940-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: There are differences between boot sector and its backup.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512952-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: This is mostly harmless. Differences: (offset:original/backup)
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512964-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]:   Not automatically fixing this.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512972-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512977-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]:  Automatically removing dirty bit.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512983-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: *** Filesystem was changed ***
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512990-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: Writing changes.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.512996-08:00 my-laptop systemd-fsck[753]: /dev/nvme1n1p1: 11 files, 1571/274658 clusters
2026-01-05T14:30:04.513002-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Finished systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-8404e1e3\x2dc267\x2d4fe7\x2d9d02\x2db97d065d7e2a.service - File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/8404e1e3-c267-4fe7-9d02-b97d065d7e2a.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.513007-08:00 my-laptop systemd[1]: Finished systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-C581\x2dA86F.service - File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/C581-A86F.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514015-08:00 my-laptop kernel: nvme nvme1: missing or invalid SUBNQN field.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514016-08:00 my-laptop kernel: nvme nvme1: D3 entry latency set to 10 seconds
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514016-08:00 my-laptop kernel: nvme nvme1: 8/0/0 default/read/poll queues
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514017-08:00 my-laptop kernel: nvme nvme1: ctrl returned bogus length: 16 for NVME_NIDT_EUI64
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514018-08:00 my-laptop kernel: nvme nvme1: Ignoring bogus Namespace Identifiers
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514019-08:00 my-laptop kernel:  nvme1n1: p1 p2 p3
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514019-08:00 my-laptop kernel: nvme nvme0: 12/0/0 default/read/poll queues
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514020-08:00 my-laptop kernel:  nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514021-08:00 my-laptop kernel: usb 1-9: New USB device found, idVendor=27c6, idProduct=538d, bcdDevice= 1.00
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514067-08:00 my-laptop kernel: EXT4-fs (dm-1): mounted filesystem c526b0fa-431c-458a-918b-fca78d75efa6 ro with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514076-08:00 my-laptop kernel: systemd[1]: Set up automount proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount - Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514077-08:00 my-laptop kernel: systemd[1]: Expecting device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-8404e1e3\x2dc267\x2d4fe7\x2d9d02\x2db97d065d7e2a.device - /dev/disk/by-uuid/8404e1e3-c267-4fe7-9d02-b97d065d7e2a...
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514077-08:00 my-laptop kernel: systemd[1]: Expecting device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-C581\x2dA86F.device - /dev/disk/by-uuid/C581-A86F...
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514078-08:00 my-laptop kernel: systemd[1]: Expecting device dev-disk-by\x2duuid-f3f87ad3\x2dac8f\x2d4053\x2db82c\x2d494469cda71b.device - /dev/disk/by-uuid/f3f87ad3-ac8f-4053-b82c-494469cda71b...
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514172-08:00 my-laptop kernel: EXT4-fs (dm-1): re-mounted c526b0fa-431c-458a-918b-fca78d75efa6 r/w. Quota mode: none.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514177-08:00 my-laptop kernel: systemd[1]: Finished systemd-remount-fs.service - Remount Root and Kernel File Systems.
2026-01-05T14:30:04.514229-08:00 my-laptop kernel: systemd[1]: Starting systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service - Create Static Device Nodes in /dev...

Lazarus Version: 4.4 build date: 2025-07-20 FPC version: 3.2.2 x86_64-linux-gtk2 ubuntu 25.10

This gui project was initially created in Windows 11. I built my ubuntu app in the same folder as the initial project. It builds just fine (in ubuntu) resulting in a few hints but nothing more. Running with the debugger, it exits the program at the first begin in the lpr file. No message.

I have been trying every single solution the WWW has to offer, I would appreciate if someone could please help.

# https://pythonspeed.com/articles/base-image-python-docker-images/
# https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/11502#issuecomment-3461332624
# Warning: Python >= 13 might cause compilation errors
FROM ubuntu:22.04

LABEL Description="Build environment"

WORKDIR /root

SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]

## Protobuf and cMake & ESP-IDF
RUN apt-get update && apt-get -y --no-install-recommends install \
    cmake \
    build-essential \
    protobuf-compiler \
    git \
    wget \
    flex \
    bison \
    gperf \
    python3 \
    python3-pip \
    python3-venv \
    ninja-build \
    ccache \
    libffi-dev \
    libssl-dev \
    dfu-util \
    libusb-1.0-0 \
    zlib1g-dev \
    libcgal-dev \
    g++-10 \
    gcc-10

RUN mkdir -p /root/esp; \
    cd /root/esp; \
    git clone -b v5.5.2 --recursive https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf.git

RUN cd /root/esp/esp-idf; \
    ./install.sh esp32
    
RUN . /root/esp/esp-idf/export.sh

COPY awsmqttclinet.cpp /root
COPY CMakeLists.txt /root

ARG IDF_PATH=/root/esp/esp-idf

RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-10 10
RUN update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-10 10

RUN gcc --version
RUN g++ --version

RUN mkdir -p /root/build; \
    cd /root/build; \
    cmake -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER=/usr/bin/gcc -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/usr/bin/g++ .. # I have tried as well: cmake -D CMAKE_C_COMPILER=gcc -D CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=g++ ..

# RUN cmake --build . -j

# sudo systemctl start | stop docker
# sudo docker build --pull --no-cache -t smart-thing .
# sudo docker build .

gcc --version

gcc (Ubuntu 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~22.04.2) 10.5.0

g++ --version

g++ (Ubuntu 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~22.04.2) 10.5.0

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10.2)
# https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/tools/cmake/project.cmake
include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
# https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc#comment-743958
set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "-nostdlib -u call_user_start_cpu0 -Wl,--gc-sections -static -lgcc -lstdc++ -lgcov")

project(smart-thing-lib)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)

# Remove for compiler-specific features
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)

string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -Wall")
string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -Wbuiltin-macro-redefined")
string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -pedantic")
string(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS " -Werror")

# clangd completion
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)

include(FetchContent)
FetchContent_Declare(
        avr-libc
        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/avrdudes/avr-libc.git
        GIT_TAG avr-libc-2_3_0-release

)
FetchContent_Declare(
        arduino-core
        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/arduino/ArduinoCore-avr.git
)
FetchContent_Declare(
        arduino-esp32
        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32.git
)
FetchContent_Declare(
        arduino-wifi
        GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/arduino-libraries/WiFi.git
)
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(avr-libc arduino-core arduino-esp32 arduino-wifi)
add_library(avr-libc INTERFACE)
configure_file(${avr-libc_SOURCE_DIR}/include/avr/version.h.in ${avr-libc_SOURCE_DIR}/include/avr/version.h)
configure_file(${avr-libc_SOURCE_DIR}/include/util/delay.h.in ${avr-libc_SOURCE_DIR}/include/util/delay.h)
target_include_directories(avr-libc
        SYSTEM INTERFACE
        ${avr-libc_SOURCE_DIR}/include
        ${avr-libc_SOURCE_DIR}/include/avr
)
add_library(arduino-core INTERFACE)
target_include_directories(arduino-core
        SYSTEM INTERFACE
        ${arduino-core_SOURCE_DIR}/cores/arduino
        ${arduino-core_SOURCE_DIR}/variants/standard
)
add_library(arduino-esp32 INTERFACE)
target_include_directories(arduino-esp32
        SYSTEM INTERFACE
        ${arduino-esp32_SOURCE_DIR}/libraries/WiFiClientSecure/src
)
add_library(arduino-wifi INTERFACE)
target_include_directories(arduino-wifi
        SYSTEM INTERFACE
        ${arduino-wifi_SOURCE_DIR}/src
)
add_library(smart-thing-lib SHARED ./awsmqttclinet.cpp)
set_target_properties(smart-thing-lib PROPERTIES CXX_STANDARD 17)

set(Boost_USE_STATIC_LIBS        ON) # only find static libs
set(Boost_USE_MULTITHREADED      ON)
set(Boost_USE_STATIC_RUNTIME    OFF) # do not look for boost libraries linked against static C++ std lib

target_link_libraries(smart-thing-lib
        PRIVATE
        avr-libc
        arduino-core
        arduino-wifi
        -llog
)

## Install ESP-IDF: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/v3.3/get-started-cmake/index.html#step-1-set-up-toolchain
## To Run: cmake --build .

Error

-- IDF_TARGET not set, using default target: esp32
-- Found Git: /usr/bin/git (found version "2.34.1") 
-- Minimal build - OFF
-- The C compiler identification is unknown
-- The CXX compiler identification is unknown
-- The ASM compiler identification is unknown
-- Found assembler: xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc
CMake Error at esp/esp-idf/tools/cmake/project.cmake:589 (__project):
  The CMAKE_C_COMPILER:

    xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc

  is not a full path and was not found in the PATH.

  Tell CMake where to find the compiler by setting either the environment
  variable "CC" or the CMake cache entry CMAKE_C_COMPILER to the full path to
  the compiler, or to the compiler name if it is in the PATH.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:7 (project)


CMake Error at esp/esp-idf/tools/cmake/project.cmake:589 (__project):
  The CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER:

    xtensa-esp32-elf-g++

  is not a full path and was not found in the PATH.

  Tell CMake where to find the compiler by setting either the environment
  variable "CXX" or the CMake cache entry CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER to the full path
  to the compiler, or to the compiler name if it is in the PATH.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:7 (project)


CMake Error at esp/esp-idf/tools/cmake/project.cmake:589 (__project):
  The CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER:

    xtensa-esp32-elf-gcc

  is not a full path and was not found in the PATH.

  Tell CMake where to find the compiler by setting either the environment
  variable "ASM" or the CMake cache entry CMAKE_ASM_COMPILER to the full path
  to the compiler, or to the compiler name if it is in the PATH.
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  CMakeLists.txt:7 (project)

I have set up a laptop with two equal drives, both having exact same partition table:

/dev/nvme0n1
  /dev/nvme0n1p1 luks opal
    /dev/mapper/root0
  /dev/nvme0n1p2 swap
  ...            unused
  /dev/nvme0n1p3 fat32 /boot/efi
/dev/nvme1n1
  /dev/nvme1n1p1 luks opal
    /dev/mapper/root1
  /dev/nvme1n1p2 swap
  /dev/nvme1n1p3 fat32 efi

/dev/mapper/root0 and /dev/mapper/root1 are encrypted independently and formatted as btrfs in raid1 configuration. Works great. Both swap partitions are also quite straightforward, aside from entries in /etc/crypttab. I have some doubts however what to do with the bootloader. Currently, UEFI has only an entry for /dev/nvme0n1p3, which gets mounted on /boot/efi.

As EFI partitions have to be FAT for UEFI to be able to read them, I can't connect them in raid1. This is not much of a problem, because /boot does not get updated that often and I could just sync the data with a script. However, I would like the system to still boot even if /dev/nvme0n1 fries, so the boot partitions probably shouldn't really be mirrors. I originally envisioned /dev/nvme1n1p3 to have a separate entry in the boot manager, and simply boot in a single disk configuration, relying on failover in the firmware. I hoped that if /dev/nvme0n1 fails, the firmware would behave as if the drive simply wasn't there, like putting an usb drive before the hard drive in the boot order. Now that I get down to it, I am not sure if drive failure would cause the system to behave the same way as if taking the ssd out completely. In case someone can provide insight into that, the computer is a 'corporate' (i.e. RAID and encryption support in the firmware) Thinkpad. Therefore, problem 1 is ensuring proper failover - if my idea won't work, what are alternative options?

Problem 2 is actually properly initializing the EFI partition on /dev/nvme1n1. The manual root would be unmounting /dev/nvme0n1p3 from /boot/efi, mounting /dev/nvme1n1p3 and reinitializing the boot process the same way as when adding a new kernel to the options. The issue here is that it would require a temporary change in bootloader configuration and mount table, so that root kernel parameter is set to /dev/mapper/roo1 rather than /dev/mapper/root0 (or a change in crypttab remapping /dev/mapper/root0 to /dev/nvme1n1p1. This is something I don't like at all - it's one thing to apply changes to config files in /boot/efi when syncing to /dev/nvme1n1p3, but completely another to modify central config files in the system for the sole benefit of update-initramfs and such. I am on Pop! OS and use default kernelstub with systemd, but I can switch to grub if it will suit the situation better. I tried the naive approach of modifying the kernel parameters directly in /boot/efi/loader/entries/Pop_OS-current.conf, but the system did not boot. I guess it could be done by hijacking filesystem merging of flatpak and such in order to provide overrides for those config files without actually writing to them, but I never did anything like that and I am not sure where to start, and if isn't even a stupid idea.

The common factor for both issues is making the system boot even if some entries in crypttab and fstab. cryptswap0 in fstab can be safely ignored on errors in fstab, but I don't see a similar option for crypttab (i.e, the system boots without entering the repair mode).

FWTIW, I tried ChatGPT and Gemini and both had really bad suggestions. I gave up on them when ChatGPT insisted that putting a swap file in btrfs raid1 makes it magically work as raid0 which, while theoretically possible, is definitely not the case.

What would be the most robust way of achieving such graceful failover? What are best practices? Sadly, almost all tangentially relevant documentation is for Arch which has its prioprietary solution.

I'm too dim-witted to fool around with the Ubuntu multiple workspaces setup and want the old style workspace pager utility that Linux used for years. Please tell me if there is an alternative workspace pager utility that can be installed in Ubuntu.

I have a Lenovo IdeaPad Pro 5 and installed Ubuntu 24.04 yesterday. I jut realized, that YouTube has really bad quality (compared to other devices using the same WLAN Router). This means that video and audio do not always match and the frames are almost constantly lagging. Is there a way to improve this, e.g. by updating some drivers or firmware...? If yes, how can I do that?

$sudo lshw .class network
  *-network                 
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: MEDIATEK Corp.
       vendor: MEDIATEK Corp.
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:c1:00.0
       logical name: wlp193s0
       version: 00
       serial: 84:9e:56:ea:7c:a1
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pciexpress msi pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=mt7925e driverversion=6.17.0-1008-oem firmware=____000000-20251015213023 ip=192.168.178.200 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes
       resources: irq:138 memory:b0600000-b07fffff memory:b0800000-b0807fff

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 5986:2174 Bison Electronics Inc. Integrated RGB Camera
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 0489:e111 Foxconn / Hon Hai Wireless_Device
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub

$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1122
00:00.2 IOMMU: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1123
00:01.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1124
00:01.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1125
00:01.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1125
00:02.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1124
00:02.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1126
00:02.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1126
00:02.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1126
00:03.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1124
00:08.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1124
00:08.1 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1110
00:08.2 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1111
00:08.3 PCI bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1112
00:14.0 SMBus: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller (rev 71)
00:14.3 ISA bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge (rev 51)
00:18.0 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1248
00:18.1 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1249
00:18.2 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 124a
00:18.3 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 124b
00:18.4 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 124c
00:18.5 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 124d
00:18.6 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 124e
00:18.7 Host bridge: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 124f
bf:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: SK hynix Device 1f69
c0:00.0 SD Host controller: O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller (rev 01)
c1:00.0 Network controller: MEDIATEK Corp. Device 7925
c2:00.0 Display controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Device 1114 (rev c2)
c2:00.1 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Rembrandt Radeon High Definition Audio Controller
c2:00.2 Encryption controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 17e0
c2:00.4 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1128
c2:00.5 Multimedia controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] ACP/ACP3X/ACP6x Audio Coprocessor (rev 71)
c2:00.6 Audio device: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Family 17h/19h HD Audio Controller
c3:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1116
c3:00.1 Signal processing controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 17f0 (rev 20)
c4:00.0 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1118
c4:00.3 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 111c
c4:00.4 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 111e
c4:00.5 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1120
c4:00.6 USB controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device 1121

I wanted to stop using Windows completely, but main problem with Linux I have is no way to change file creation date.

On Windows I use it everyday. It allows me to know when I started working on file. In file manager I can sort file copies by creation date or modified date depending on what I need. When I move file from ramdisk to SSD it preserves original file creation date. On Linux when I move a file from one partition to another, creation date is refreshed so it loses any meaning to me. And there's no way to change it to a date that I means something to me.

Another example. Sometimes I download videos from YouTube using yt-dlp. Modification timestamp tells me when the video has appeared on YT, creation timestamp tells me when I downloaded it. I can archive it with WinRAR and preserve these timestamps in archive, restore them later, move files to another disk without losing them. There are even GUI tools that allow changing timestamps of files and directories.

On Linux file creation timestamp is completely useless for me. I don't understand why Linux can't just allow me to change timestamps how I want. The only two reasons I can think about it debugging filesystem (but that's not something every user is doing) or investigating filesystem on a hacked server to see what has been changed, but that's probably not a good reason because when files are missing or modified they need to be restored from backup anyway so any new files could be compared to backup.

I would be very grateful if you could tell me how I can use these timestamps like on Windows or at least explain to me why Linux kernel is not allowing to change file creation timestamp. Filesystem I want to use is BTRFS if that helps.

GeoGebra silently dropped Linux installation support between versions 5 and 6. How to install GeoGebra 6 in Ubuntu 22.04?

I'm trying to setup Nvidia drivers on my headless ubuntu server box for my GeForce 9800 GT but I'm obviously missing something and need assistance.

I've tried following this guide https://ubuntu.com/server/docs/nvidia-drivers-installation but was stuck instantly as neither sudo ubuntu-drivers list --gpgpu or sudo ubuntu-drivers devices is returning any output.

Other guides https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-linux-install-nvidia-driver-latest-proprietary-driver/ suggested installing the nvidia-driver-550 nvidia-dkms-550 packages and rebooting, which I did without success.

My understanding is that I would need the matching kernel module (nvidia-kernel-common-550-server) as well as the correct driver version (nvidia-driver-550-server) which are both installed. I rebooted several times just to be sure without any luck so far.

Any help is greatly appreciated.

$ sudo lshw -C display
  *-display UNCLAIMED       
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: G92 [GeForce 9800 GT]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:05:00.0
       version: a2
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f4000000-f5ffffff ioport:d000(size=128) memory:c0000-dffff
  *-graphics
       product: VESA VGA
       physical id: 1
       logical name: /dev/fb0
       capabilities: fb
       configuration: depth=32 resolution=640,480

$ uname -r
5.15.0-113-generic

$ dkms status
nvidia-srv/550.90.07, 5.15.0-113-generic, x86_64: installed

$ nvidia-smi
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver. Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

$ lspci | grep -i nvidia
05:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation G92 [GeForce 9800 GT] (rev a2)

$ dpkg -l | grep nvidia
ii  libnvidia-cfg1-550-server:amd64        550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
ii  libnvidia-common-550-server            550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
rc  libnvidia-compute-390:amd64            390.157-0ubuntu0.22.04.2                    amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
rc  libnvidia-compute-525:amd64            525.147.05-0ubuntu2.22.04.1                 amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package (transitional package)
rc  libnvidia-compute-535:amd64            535.183.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                 amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
rc  libnvidia-compute-550:amd64            550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
ii  libnvidia-compute-550-server:amd64     550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
ii  libnvidia-container-tools              1.15.0-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library (command-line tools)
ii  libnvidia-container1:amd64             1.15.0-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA container runtime library
ii  libnvidia-decode-550-server:amd64      550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
ii  libnvidia-encode-550-server:amd64      550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
ii  libnvidia-extra-550-server:amd64       550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA Server Driver
ii  libnvidia-fbc1-550-server:amd64        550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
ii  libnvidia-gl-550-server:amd64          550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
rc  nvidia-compute-utils-390               390.157-0ubuntu0.22.04.2                    amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
rc  nvidia-compute-utils-550               550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
ii  nvidia-compute-utils-550-server        550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA compute utilities
ii  nvidia-container-toolkit               1.15.0-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA Container toolkit
ii  nvidia-container-toolkit-base          1.15.0-1                                    amd64        NVIDIA Container Toolkit Base
rc  nvidia-dkms-390                        390.157-0ubuntu0.22.04.2                    amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
rc  nvidia-dkms-535                        535.183.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                 amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
rc  nvidia-dkms-550                        550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
ii  nvidia-dkms-550-server                 550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
ii  nvidia-driver-550-server               550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA Server Driver metapackage
ii  nvidia-firmware-550-server-550.90.07   550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        Firmware files used by the kernel module
rc  nvidia-kernel-common-390               390.157-0ubuntu0.22.04.2                    amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
rc  nvidia-kernel-common-525               525.147.05-0ubuntu2.22.04.1                 amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module (transitional package)
rc  nvidia-kernel-common-535               535.183.01-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                 amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
rc  nvidia-kernel-common-550               550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
ii  nvidia-kernel-common-550-server        550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
ii  nvidia-kernel-source-550-server        550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
ii  nvidia-prime                           0.8.17.1                                    all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
ii  nvidia-settings                        510.47.03-0ubuntu1                          amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
ii  nvidia-utils-550-server                550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA Server Driver support binaries
ii  screen-resolution-extra                0.18.2                                      all          Extension for the nvidia-settings control panel
ii  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-550-server   550.90.07-0ubuntu0.22.04.1                  amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver

$ neofetch
            .-/+oossssoo+/-.               user@host 
        `:+ssssssssssssssssss+:`           --------- 
      -+ssssssssssssssssssyyssss+-         OS: Ubuntu 22.04.4 LTS x86_64 
    .ossssssssssssssssssdMMMNysssso.       Host: B450 AORUS M 
   /ssssssssssshdmmNNmmyNMMMMhssssss/      Kernel: 5.15.0-113-generic 
  +ssssssssshmydMMMMMMMNddddyssssssss+     Uptime: 24 mins 
 /sssssssshNMMMyhhyyyyhmNMMMNhssssssss/    Packages: 1277 (dpkg), 6 (flatpak), 5 (snap) 
.ssssssssdMMMNhsssssssssshNMMMdssssssss.   Shell: bash 5.1.16 
+sssshhhyNMMNyssssssssssssyNMMMysssssss+   Terminal: /dev/pts/0 
ossyNMMMNyMMhsssssssssssssshmmmhssssssso   CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 1600 (12) @ 3.200GHz 
ossyNMMMNyMMhsssssssssssssshmmmhssssssso   GPU: NVIDIA GeForce 9800 GT 
+sssshhhyNMMNyssssssssssssyNMMMysssssss+   Memory: 2875MiB / 15931MiB 
.ssssssssdMMMNhsssssssssshNMMMdssssssss.
 /sssssssshNMMMyhhyyyyhdNMMMNhssssssss/                            
  +sssssssssdmydMMMMMMMMddddyssssssss+                             
   /ssssssssssshdmNNNNmyNMMMMhssssss/
    .ossssssssssssssssssdMMMNysssso.
      -+sssssssssssssssssyyyssss+-
        `:+ssssssssssssssssss+:`
            .-/+oossssoo+/-.

I am currently using Ubuntu 24.04. When I turn on my PC and log in using my password, it lands on a black screen with only the mouse cursor visible. I am unable to perform any actions, including turning off my PC.

I found that pressing Ctrl+Alt+F4 allows me to switch to a terminal where I can log in using my username and password. After logging in, I can reboot my PC using the command line, and it works fine temporarily. However, the issue persists after some time, and I have to repeat the same steps again.

I am looking for a permanent solution to this problem.

Thank you!

I having problem with opening videos using vlc player so I removed it completely using many commands such as

1. sudo apt-get remove vlc
2. sudo apt-get purge vlc
3. sudo apt-get remove vlc-data
4. sudo apt-get autoremove
5. sudo aptitude remove vlc

Now vlc command shows vlc not installed even vlc not listed in dpkg --l results. I tried all possible commands, rebooting computer but still vlc media player visible to me in computer search and recommended application for video. I thought by installing new vlc will overcome problem of opening video but problem as it is. How can overcome this issue? I'm using ubuntu 16.04LTS

When I run blueman-manager in terminal, I get this error:

blueman-manager version 2.1.2 starting  
blueman-manager 12.42.28 ERROR    Manager:118 on_dbus_name_appeared: Default adapter not found, trying first available.  
blueman-manager 12.42.28 ERROR    Manager:122 on_dbus_name_appeared: No adapter(s) found, exiting

Any help is greatly appreciated.

I've installed Ubuntu 20 LTS from official site with Rufus. And then I downloaded Google Chrome from google.com/chrome 64 bit.deb for Ubuntu The first time I open, Chrome works nomally but after that time I can't manage to open it, I tried to launch it from terminal/gnome it yeilds: NaCl helper process running without a sandbox! Most likely you need to configure your SUID sandbox correctly This also happens on Ubuntu 18.04 Any help is appreciated!

I want to use NTFS on a shared partition between Windows and Linux (dual-boot). However, if I mount it using ntfs-3g, it becomes case-sensitive. If I mount it using lowntfs-3g with windows_names and ignore_case, all filenames become lowercase. How do I mount an NTFS partition on Linux in a case-insensitive yet case-preserving mode, like on Windows, where you can see the file's real (cased) name while maintaining case insensitivity?

Using Kubuntu 20.04

I cannot print anything using epson L355 printer. I have laptop and PC. On PC everything works ok, but my laptop cannot print anything, but scanner works.

I have installed the driver: epson-inkjet-printer-201207w/now 1.0.0-1lsb3.2 amd64 [installed,local]

In /var/log/cups/error_log I found following logs:

E [04/Mar/2020:21:38:58 +0100] L355: Directory \"/opt/epson-inkjet-printer-201207w/cups/lib/filter\" has insecure permissions (040755/uid=1000/gid=1000).
E [04/Mar/2020:21:38:58 +0100] [Job 55] Unable to start filter "/opt/epson-inkjet-printer-201207w/cups/lib/filter/epson_inkjet_printer_filter" - Success.
E [04/Mar/2020:21:38:58 +0100] [Job 55] Stopping job because the scheduler could not execute a filter.

Could someone give me a hint how to make it work?

It's easy to extract subtitles from mkv (Matroska) videos but if extracted subtitles are not in text format, they need to be converted using OCR software. Is there any program in Ubuntu available to convert mks or pgs subtitles to srt?

I have already installed Python 3.7.3 version via command line and cross-checked it by typing

python3 -V

command but still, my Python IDLE is set to 3.5.2 version. I need to know how to update it even though Python 3.7.3 latest version is already installed on my system. I'm using Ubuntu 16.04.

I create an Android device in Genymotion : Custom Phone Android 4.4-API 19, and the device run well.

But when I try 'adb devices, it is empty below 'List of devices attached'

'Use custom Android SDK tools' is already set

the device's Developer Options and USB debugging is enabled.

I have tried

• adb kill-server adb start-server adb devices

but the adb still can not detect the Genymotion device.

virtualbox as follow

Runing on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

Does anybody have the same problem ? Please help, many thanks!

My friend said everything is fine, but I just think those levels look a bit weird.

Here is the output of sensors:

coretemp-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
Package id 0:  +36.0°C  (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 0:        +35.0°C  (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)
Core 1:        +33.0°C  (high = +100.0°C, crit = +100.0°C)

iwlwifi-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1:        +43.0°C

acpitz-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1:        +37.0°C  (crit = +128.0°C)

thinkpad-isa-0000
Adapter: ISA adapter
fan1:           0 RPM

pch_skylake-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1:        +31.5°C

I want to install CUDA 8.0, but I got CUDA 7.5 when using the Nvidia provided *.deb file instead of the *.run installer.

I followed the instructions to install on the Nvidia website:

https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-80-ga2-download-archive

I installed: ./cuda-repo-ubuntu1604-8-0-local-ga2_8.0.61-1_amd64-deb

Instructions listed on website:

`sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1604-9-2-local_9.2.88-1_amd64.deb`
`sudo apt-key add /var/cuda-repo-<version>/7fa2af80.pub`
`sudo apt-get update`
`sudo apt-get install cuda`

I performed the "Verify CUDA Installation" step from this answer: https://askubuntu.com/a/799185

Results of running nvcc --version:

$ nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2015 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Tue_Aug_11_14:27:32_CDT_2015
Cuda compilation tools, release 7.5, V7.5.17

Results from when I run the installer step a second time:

$ sudo apt install cuda
[sudo] password for USER: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
cuda is already the newest version (8.0.61-1).
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic
  linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 61 not upgraded.

Definitely Something is incorrect because when I use the *.run version of the installer from the same page, it gives me the following nvcc output:

$ nvcc --version
nvcc: NVIDIA (R) Cuda compiler driver
Copyright (c) 2005-2016 NVIDIA Corporation
Built on Tue_Jan_10_13:22:03_CST_2017
Cuda compilation tools, release 8.0, V8.0.61

Both machines have the same Nvidia Drivers installed:

$ nvidia-smi 
Wed Jun 27 08:20:03 2018       
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 384.130                Driver Version: 384.130                   |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

But the GPU's are different which should not matter because the machine giving issues has a newer graphics card in it. Nvidia GeForce GTX 1050 Ti versus 960M

To avoid conflicts and trouble with finding compatible drivers with Ubuntu 16.04, I just used the additional drivers tab on software-properties-gtk

How do I remove snap? apt pretends it's not there, but I can still call commands with it.

Trying to remove it says read only file system

# apt remove snap
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package 'snap' is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
# snap whoami
email: -

I have 2x Seagate Barracuda 1TB 1000GB 7200RPM 64MB SATA3 HDs in an ubuntu 16.04 server (Dell Poweredge 400SC).

When copying files using rsync from one disk to another I'm getting speeds of 25-30 Mb/s. From reading it would appear I should be able to achieve double that.

How should I go about optimising this setup to increase the transfer speed?

// lsblk

sda      8:0    0 931.5G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0   931G  0 part /
├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part 
└─sda5   8:5    0   509M  0 part [SWAP]
sdb      8:16   0 931.5G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0    20G  0 part 
└─sdb2   8:18   0 910.5G  0 part /mnt

I've read about enabling DMA, but it appears I don't seem to be able to do this on the system.

// hdparm -Tt /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
 Timing cached reads:   1098 MB in  2.00 seconds = 548.31 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 346 MB in  3.02 seconds = 114.69 MB/sec

Trying to enable DMA on sdb does the following.

// hdparm -d1 /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:
 setting using_dma to 1 (on)
 HDIO_SET_DMA failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device
 HDIO_GET_DMA failed: Inappropriate ioctl for device

// hdparm -i /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:

 Model=ST1000DM003-1SB102, FwRev=CC43, SerialNo=Z9A4EEL4
 Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs RotSpdTol>.5% }
 RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=0
 BuffType=unknown, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=off
 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=1953525168
 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120}
 PIO modes:  pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 
 DMA modes:  mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 
 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 
 AdvancedPM=yes: unknown setting WriteCache=enabled
 Drive conforms to: unknown:  ATA/ATAPI-4,5,6,7

// dmesg | grep SATA

[    2.074207] ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xfe00 ctl 0xfe10 bmdma 0xfea0 irq 18
[    2.080635] ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xfe20 ctl 0xfe30 bmdma 0xfea8 irq 18

// lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 82875P/E7210 Memory Controller Hub (rev 02)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82875P Processor to AGP Controller (rev 02)
00:06.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation 82875P/E7210 Processor to I/O Memory Interface (rev 02)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #1 (rev 02)
00:1d.1 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #2 (rev 02)
00:1d.2 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #3 (rev 02)
00:1d.3 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB UHCI Controller #4 (rev 02)
00:1d.7 USB controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) USB2 EHCI Controller (rev 02)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev c2)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) LPC Interface Bridge (rev 02)
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) IDE Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.2 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82801EB (ICH5) SATA Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) SMBus Controller (rev 02)
00:1f.5 Multimedia audio controller: Intel Corporation 82801EB/ER (ICH5/ICH5R) AC'97 Audio Controller (rev 02)
02:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Rage XL PCI (rev 27)
02:0c.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 02)

// SATA version

// smartctl -a /dev/sdb | grep SATA
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 1.5 Gb/s)

Im trying to install pygame on spyder but i tried everything and nothing works. Anaconda is installed i have tried pip, conda but every time when i import it i get the error no module named pygame. When i try conda install -c https://conda.binstar.org/tlatorre pygame the following error appears:

UnsatisfiableError: The following specifications were found to be in conflict:
  - pygame -> python 2.7* -> openssl 1.0.1*
  - python 3.6**

I have tried other addresses as well but i get the same error. How do i do it? Use conda info <package> to see the dependencies for each package.

So I want this to work specidically in the newest version of spyder(spyder3)(maybe with pythonpathmanager).

i'dont understand about migrate operation on ubuntu, and i have this error, please help me to solve this problem

I'm new to Ubuntu, just installed Mythbuntu 12.04.3 (64-bit) from an iso (single fontend/backend combo). Seemed to instal fine, rebooted my machine only to find I was faced with a screen asking for country and language information (fine; UK, English).

However, the next screen says 'MythTV cannot connect to database' and I am presented with a form (one of two), which already contains data (hostname, password...) so change nothing. I click next (to get to screen two of two) again change nothing (both check boxes are left unticked) and click finish. This sends me back to the original country/language screen.

Is there a fault with the install? Have I missed something in the install/instructions? Is there a way of fixing this?

Appreciate your answers.

I've installed Ubuntu Server Edition and setup open ssh,samba and lamp on my home desktop just to work on LAN. I also want setup a GUI on it for daily use.

I've already performed the following

sudo apt-get install gnome-session-fallback
sudo apt-get install lightdm-gtk-greeter
sudo apt-get install xinit

I don't want to install Unity or the Gnome3 Shell on my system. Also I haven't found instructions to installing gnome-classic on a server edition(although it shouldn't make a difference).How do I get it to work?