I did a clean installation of Ubuntu, removing the former Windows 10 OS. However, the laptop is stuck in a loop at booting. Via Esc > F9 I can start up from the EFI files. I checked GRUB and removed the former BOOT folder, but still "OS Boot Manager" keeps being the first option. No possibilities to put "Boot from EFI file" or "Ubuntu" as first option. Any suggestions? I want to get rid of the F9-detour.

I started to test Geforce Now Linux native app and in the game what I play I have an important keybinding on Alt+0 unfortunately I cannot use it, because this is also the shortcut for changing windows. Also unfortunately Alt+0 shortcut does not appear in the Keyboard/View and Customize shortcuts option.

Is there any way to delete or change this shortcut?

I have a Mac Mini 2014 running Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS. It has a combo audio jack (analog/digital) output. After installing Ubuntu on it, the audio output is just complete silence whenever S/PDIF is selected, but the Cirrus Logic SPDIF output (IEC958) appears in the devices list and the audio graph also dances whenever an audio is played. It looks like this is a codec issue as even my soundbar is unable to display the format.

I'm also unable to upload the image of aplay -l due to image size restrictions on this site.

$ ./rotatescreen.sh -r
90° to the right
X Error of failed request:  BadMatch (invalid parameter attributes)
  Major opcode of failed request:  139 (RANDR)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  7 (RRSetScreenSize)
  Serial number of failed request:  22
  Current serial number in output stream:  23

I’m new to Ubuntu, and I've been using Ubuntu 24.04 for the past week. Everything seemed OK except for an occasional glitch, but after one week, and some physical damage to the screen, the system seems to be lagging, glitching, acting “independently” (i.e. the system will rapidly click through webpages on its own/open up different tabs, etc.), and it's generally just working very poorly. I don’t know how else to describe it besides this.

I'll provide the system info and hardware info for further context.

I recently cleared my laptop of Windows and installed Ubuntu Budgie 24.04.3 LTS. It is a 2018 Razer Blade 15 Adv. I have two problems.

1. I installed OpenRazer, which also includes enrolling a MOK. It seems to randomly forget the MOK. It cannot load OpenRazer until I re-enroll the MOK again. Is there something that would remove the MOK automatically?

2. Sometimes the system will lock up tight and I have to force reboot. The special key (PrtSc) to talk directly to the kernel doesn't work to reboot. I have to force power off. The special key works when not frozen. Also with this comes the MOK being removed from the boot and OpenRazer not loading. Where would I look to figure out what is causing these lock ups? I have checked the logs, but nothing jumps out.

Do I miss out on functionality of the Software Updater if I use sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade for updating my laptop? What do I need to do extra in the terminal for everyday updating or once in a while updating?

I'm using my laptop for my university studies, and I often just keep it in sleep mode instead of shutting it down.

In Brave, with more than one tab in a window, I cannot select a tab without the selection moving to that to the left and eventually moving to the leftmost tab. Similarly in Ubuntu 24.04 when using "Show Apps," it always returns to the first screen of apps after clicking on the right-pointing arrow.

How do I correct both of these these?

how to check in the bash file dialog existence of the file "File Name", and if not. to open a new file "File Name" (in the w-r mode)?

Trying to put a background on my logon screen (the one that pops up after you logout, or bootup) - tried 'login window' but it doesn't work, and seems to only mess with lock-screen (which 'lockscreen extension' does a great job with the lock-screen background) causing suspend to logout instead.

'GDM settings' has no option to put a background on the login screen, only the GRUB screen, but I use 'Grub Customizer' for that...

My old 18.04lts did it so easy... any ideas how to do this?

I've been using Dia for my diagrams in linux for 20 years or so. It's always been fast and responsive. However since I updated to Ubuntu 24.04, the editing windows of Dia are not responsive at all.

After digging a bit, I found that Dia uses GTK2. Could this be an issue of Ubuntu having worse support for them? Could it be a windows manager issue (i.e. X vs Wayland) ?

What the title says. Is there a way to know if a USB device is registered as oldschool/original USB, USB2, or USB3 etc? I'd guess either from virtual files under /sys or maybe dmesg/kernel logs?

My Ubuntu server doesn't seem to be getting it's DNS settings from the DHCP service on my router.

root@dios:/etc/netplan# cat 01-netcfg.yaml
    network:
      version: 2
      renderer: networkd
      ethernets:
        enp3s0:
          dhcp4: true

It's getting it's IP address from the DHCP server, but the DNS settings seem to be being left out.

root@dios:/run/systemd/network# nslookup www.google.com

root@dios:/run/systemd/network# nslookup www.google.com 192.168.2.1
    Server:         192.168.2.1
    Address:        192.168.2.1#53

    Non-authoritative answer:
    Name:   www.google.com
    Address: 142.250.80.68
    Name:   www.google.com
    Address: 2607:f8b0:4006:80c::2004

My windows PC is working fine, which leads me to believe there's an issue with my Ubuntu server.

I've tried manually setting the DNS server settings in my netplan file:

   network:
     version: 2
     renderer: networkd
     ethernets:
       enp3s0:
         dhcp4: true
         dhcp4-overrides:
           use-dns: false
         nameservers:
           addresses: [192.168.2.1, 8.8.8.8]

But that doesn't help either.

Where am I going wrong?

I upgraded my lenovo thinkstation P920 from 20.04LTS to 22.04LTS. When I update, I get messages like

W: Skipping acquire of configured file 'sutton.bachman/binary-amd64/Packages' as repository 'http://lenovo.archive.canonical.com jammy InRelease' doesn't have the component 'sutton.bachman' (component misspelt in sources.list?)

I don't know what is in these repositories or if there is an equivalent one for 22.04 jammy. How would I fix this?

I'm new to linux and I'm trying to install wine so I can play Hearthstone. I following this tutorial: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-battle-net-on-ubuntu-22-04-linux-desktop

I run winetricks and everything is OK until Step 3. Then, I get some errors that even if I press OK, they keep reappering and nothing else happens - until I stop the terminal.

Below you can see both images that show up (somewhere between Step 3 and 4)

image1

image2

And here a paste of the terminal while the errors are happening:

guin0x@guin0x-server:~$ winetricks
Executing mkdir -p /home/guin0x
------------------------------------------------------
warning: You are using a 64-bit WINEPREFIX. Note that many verbs only install 32-bit versions of packages. If you encounter problems, please retest in a clean 32-bit WINEPREFIX before reporting a bug.
------------------------------------------------------
Using winetricks 20210206 - sha256sum: 0f21da98811e0bfda16a7d6d6b8e860a9cedbd4e836c7dd9b02f068d3092ee2e with wine-6.0.3 (Ubuntu 6.0.3~repack-1) and WINEARCH=win64
winetricks GUI enabled, using zenity 3.42.1
Executing w_do_call corefonts
Executing mkdir -p /home/guin0x
------------------------------------------------------
warning: You are using a 64-bit WINEPREFIX. Note that many verbs only install 32-bit versions of packages. If you encounter problems, please retest in a clean 32-bit WINEPREFIX before reporting a bug.
------------------------------------------------------
Executing load_corefonts 
Executing w_do_call andale
Executing mkdir -p /home/guin0x
------------------------------------------------------
warning: You are using a 64-bit WINEPREFIX. Note that many verbs only install 32-bit versions of packages. If you encounter problems, please retest in a clean 32-bit WINEPREFIX before reporting a bug.
------------------------------------------------------
Executing load_andale 
Executing cabextract -q -d /home/guin0x/.wine/dosdevices/c:/windows/temp /home/guin0x/.cache/winetricks/corefonts/andale32.exe
------------------------------------------------------
warning: Running /usr/bin/wineserver -w. This will hang until all wine processes in prefix=/home/guin0x/.wine terminate
------------------------------------------------------
Executing wine regedit C:\windows\Temp\_register-font.reg
Executing wine64 regedit C:\windows\Temp\_register-font.reg
0100:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
0100:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
00f8:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
00f8:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
Executing cp /home/guin0x/.wine/dosdevices/c:/windows/temp/_register-font.reg /tmp/winetricks.WeeZhyWc/_reg_90ad6a9f_10400.reg
Executing wine regedit C:\windows\Temp\_register-font.reg
Executing wine64 regedit C:\windows\Temp\_register-font.reg
0120:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
0120:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
0118:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
0118:fixme:font:get_name_record_codepage encoding 20 not handled, platform 1.
Executing cp /home/guin0x/.wine/dosdevices/c:/windows/temp/_register-font.reg /tmp/winetricks.WeeZhyWc/_reg_f6204652_10400.reg
Executing w_do_call arial
Executing mkdir -p /home/guin0x
------------------------------------------------------
warning: You are using a 64-bit WINEPREFIX. Note that many verbs only install 32-bit versions of packages. If you encounter problems, please retest in a clean 32-bit WINEPREFIX before reporting a bug.

Thanks a lot in advance!

I have a Ryzen 5800u HP laptop without a graphics card. I made an Ubuntu 20.04 live USB. I get to the grub thing and then select Ubuntu. It then performs some kind of file integrity check, which passes without errors. Then nothing happens. I have been staring at a black screen with the Ubuntu logo, the HP logo and a spinning loading circle. For 5 min.

ISSUE

Originally my motherboard was working fine with only Windows. After adding a separate Ubuntu SSD, my ethernet LAN port has stopped being recognised, both by Windows and by Ubuntu. I don't think it is a duplicate of the many driver issues seen on askubuntu, as I explored that, but I can't confirm if it's a problem with the board itself or something else I don't understand.

If you need ANY more information, either from Windows or from Ubuntu, will share whatever's needed.

PC Specs:

• OSs - Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS x86_64 + Windows 10
• Kernel - 5.8.0-50-generic
• CPU - Ryzen 7 5800x
• Mobo - Gigabyte Aorus B550 Elite AX V2 - link here
• Disks - 1 Samsung 980 PRO 1 TB PCIe 4.0 (Windows 10), 1 Samsung 970 EVO Plus 1 TB PCIe 3.0 (Ubuntu 20.04)
• GPU - Nvidia RTX 3080 FE
• RAM - 32GB (2x16GB) Corsair DDR4 Vengeance LPX

Steps Taken:

1. Other similar posts have said it might be a driver issue. Following posts similar to this one here I manually installed Realtek drivers on Ubuntu and Windows. This did not solve the problem.
2. sudo lshw -C network does not show the Ethernet as being available. I think what I should see here is something like: *-network UNCLAIMED description: Ethernet controller product: RTL8125 2.5GbE Controller but that doesn't show:

   ~ ❯ sudo lshw -C network                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
     *-network                 
      description: Wireless interface
      product: Wi-Fi 6 AX200
      vendor: Intel Corporation
      physical id: 0
      bus info: pci@0000:06:00.0
      logical name: wlp6s0
      version: 1a
      serial: c8:b2:9b:a1:1a:3a
      width: 64 bits
      clock: 33MHz
      capabilities: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
      configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=5.8.0-50-generic firmware=55.d9698065.0 cc-a0-55.ucode ip=192.168.0.22 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
      resources: irq:38 memory:fc500000-fc503fff
   

3. Tested the ethernet cable from my router on a Mac, worked perfectly fine, so it's not a cable issue.
4. Disabled all sorts of FastBoot, Wake-From-LAN etc etc in both Windows and BIOS, no changes
5. cat /etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml:

   # Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system
   network:
     version: 2
     renderer: NetworkManager
   

6. sudo ip a

   ~ ❯ sudo ip a
   1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
   link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
   inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
   inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
   2: wlp6s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
   link/ether c8:b2:9b:a1:1a:3a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
   inet 192.168.0.22/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute wlp6s0
      valid_lft 84463sec preferred_lft 84463sec
   inet6 fe80::63a6:76c2:cb97:be14/64 scope link noprefixroute 
      valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
   

7. cat /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf

   ~ ❯ cat /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf 
   [main]
   plugins=ifupdown,keyfile
   
   [ifupdown]
   managed=true
   
   [device]
   wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no
   

8. lspci -knn:

   ~ ❯ lspci -knn
   00:00.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Root Complex [1022:1480]
           Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Root Complex [1022:1480]
   00:00.2 IOMMU [0806]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse IOMMU [1022:1481]
           Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse IOMMU [1022:1481]
   00:01.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:01.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse GPP Bridge [1022:1483]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   00:01.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse GPP Bridge [1022:1483]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   00:02.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:03.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:03.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse GPP Bridge [1022:1483]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   00:04.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:05.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:07.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:07.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Internal PCIe GPP Bridge 0 to bus[E:B] [1022:1484]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   00:08.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Host Bridge [1022:1482]
   00:08.1 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Internal PCIe GPP Bridge 0 to bus[E:B] [1022:1484]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   00:14.0 SMBus [0c05]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH SMBus Controller [1022:790b] (rev 61)
           Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd FCH SMBus Controller [1458:5001]
           Kernel modules: i2c_piix4, sp5100_tco
   00:14.3 ISA bridge [0601]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] FCH LPC Bridge [1022:790e] (rev 51)
           Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd FCH LPC Bridge [1458:5001]
   00:18.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 0 [1022:1440]
   00:18.1 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 1 [1022:1441]
   00:18.2 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 2 [1022:1442]
   00:18.3 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 3 [1022:1443]
           Kernel driver in use: k10temp
           Kernel modules: k10temp
   00:18.4 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 4 [1022:1444]
   00:18.5 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 5 [1022:1445]
   00:18.6 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 6 [1022:1446]
   00:18.7 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse Device 24: Function 7 [1022:1447]
   01:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Device [144d:a80a]
           Subsystem: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Device [144d:a801]
           Kernel driver in use: nvme
           Kernel modules: nvme
   02:00.0 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device [1022:43ee]
           Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device [1b21:1142]
           Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
           Kernel modules: xhci_pci
   02:00.1 SATA controller [0106]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device [1022:43eb]
           Subsystem: ASMedia Technology Inc. Device [1b21:1062]
           Kernel driver in use: ahci
           Kernel modules: ahci
   02:00.2 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device [1022:43e9]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   03:04.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device [1022:43ea]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   03:08.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device [1022:43ea]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   03:09.0 PCI bridge [0604]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Device [1022:43ea]
           Kernel driver in use: pcieport
   04:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller [0108]: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM981/PM981/PM983 [144d:a808]
           Subsystem: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM981/PM981/PM983 [144d:a801]
           Kernel driver in use: nvme
           Kernel modules: nvme
   06:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6 AX200 [8086:2723] (rev 1a)
           Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wi-Fi 6 AX200 [8086:0084]
           Kernel driver in use: iwlwifi
           Kernel modules: iwlwifi
   07:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:2206] (rev a1)
           Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:1467]
           Kernel driver in use: nvidia
           Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
   07:00.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:1aef] (rev a1)
           Subsystem: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:1467]
           Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
           Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
   08:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Function [1022:148a]
           Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse PCIe Dummy Function [1022:148a]
   09:00.0 Non-Essential Instrumentation [1300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Reserved SPP [1022:1485]
           Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Reserved SPP [1022:1485]
   09:00.1 Encryption controller [1080]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Cryptographic Coprocessor PSPCPP [1022:1486]
           Subsystem: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse Cryptographic Coprocessor PSPCPP [1022:1486]
           Kernel driver in use: ccp
           Kernel modules: ccp
   09:00.3 USB controller [0c03]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Matisse USB 3.0 Host Controller [1022:149c]
           Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Matisse USB 3.0 Host Controller [1458:5007]
           Kernel driver in use: xhci_hcd
           Kernel modules: xhci_pci
   09:00.4 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1022:1487]
           DeviceName: Realtek ALC1220
           Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd Starship/Matisse HD Audio Controller [1458:a0cf]
           Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
           Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel
   ~ ❯ lspci -knn | grep eth
   ~ ❯ 
   

9. Reached out to Gigabyte Technical Support. They suggested to upgrade BIOS from F12 to F13h. This did not solve the problem.

Conclusions

I am not familiar with Windows AT ALL (only use for Steam gaming), but after doing some Googling, I think the same issue applies there, where the Ethernet Network Adaptor does not exist or can't be detected. I would like to stress, it was available in the past, but now is not. The same applies on Ubuntu, so for both OSs, installing the Drivers doesn't solve the problem because it's not detected as existing in the first place.

What I would love, is either a solution to this if anyone has any ideas, or confirmation that it's a hardware fault so I can return my MOBO or buy some additional PCIEX Network adapter

I want to know if it's possible, by modifying some configuration files, to change the vertical position of Plank dock. Unfortunately in the settings you can only decide whether to put it at the top, bottom, left or right while I would like to keep it at the bottom but slightly higher than where it is put by default.

Screenshot

As you can see from the screen, the lower edge of the dock is too attached to the lower edge of the screen, I would like to move it slightly higher.

I switched from Elementary OS to Ubuntu last week. I miss Picture in Picture mode which Elementary OS offered. Picture in Picture mode in Elementary OS puts any part of the screen in PiP mode. I could put anything in Picture in Picture mode. Is there a way to get it in Ubuntu?

On Ubuntu 18.04 both journald and rsyslog are installed. Both serve the same purpose of collecting log messages and storing them. So we have two programs doing the same work here.

What I could find out is that journald only saves log messages in its own journal files which can be queried with the journalctl command. No readable files are written. Also, journal will always collect log output from all the services that were started by systemd, which should always be all of them because ultimately systemd starts all processes even from older schemes like init scripts.

Rsyslog also receives log messages, through some socket that works like syslog has worked the past 50 years or so. Applications have to send their messages to that socket and rsyslog will receive them. Not sure how journald actually receives anything. Then rsyslog forwards these received messages into different readable files as per its configuration.

In Ubuntu, both are installed but do not seem to be connected. At least rsyslog does not load the "imjournal" module with which it could "read" log messages from journald. I don't understand how rsyslog (actively) reads anything, I thought it only (passively) receives messages. But it's not using that anyway.

The file /var/log/syslog contains largely the same content as shown by journalctl, just the output from sudo is missing in the file. But I haven't compared it all.

So how does this work? Who sends log messages to where and who receives them and where are they forwarded to? If both destinations are filled, does every application have to send messages to both syslog and journald separately? If they are interconnected, why are no messages duplicated? Are they filtered out again? Which location is more complete and where should I look if I want the complete picture?

If any of this has changed in newer versions of Ubuntu, I'd also be interested in that, as I'm going to switch an older server to 20.04 next year.

Edit: Here are some more resources on the topic:

• [Interaction of Rsyslog and Journal (Red Hat sysadmin guide)](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system_administrators_guide/ch-viewing_and_managing_log_files#s1-interaction_of_rsyslog_and_journal
• imjournal (rsyslog documentation)
• rsyslog journal integration, Video presentation by the rsyslog author
• The syslog system call
• Coexistence with systemd (rsyslog documentation)

All of this information leaves me a bit confused. It seems like journal receives all syslog data from the system call in the first place (my /dev/log points to /run/systemd/journal/dev-log), and rsyslog fetches it from journal through a socket that looks like the socket that is had used before there was journal (possibly /run/systemd/journal/syslog, implicitly used if it sees systemd around). Then rsyslog can do all its advanced log processing (including writing the legacy /var/log files). If I don't need any of that magic, I might just disable rsyslog. But I'm not sure about that at all!

I had Ubuntu 19.04 64-bit virtual machine. I upgraded it to 19.10. After the upgrade finished, the virtual machine got stuck on boot in VMware Workstation 15. I had used a vmdk image for 19.04 available here: www.osboxes.org/Ubuntu

While I was upgrading the virtual machine I followed the instructions here.

What could be the problem here? Why is a fresh upgrade not able to boot? What should I check in here or do to fix this?

This is a fresh upgrade and whatever kept happening I let it happen. I logged in to tty6 and I got the following screen.

Ubuntu 19.10 osboxes tty6

osboxes login: osboxes
Password:
Last login: Sun Sep  8 00:22:09 IST 2019 on tty5
Welcome to Ubuntu 19.10 (GNU/Linux 5.0.0-27-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  [https://help.ubuntu.com](https://help.ubuntu.com)
 * Management:     [https://landscape.canonical.com](https://landscape.canonical.com)
 * Support:        [https://ubuntu.com/advantage](https://ubuntu.com/advantage)

927 updates can be installed immediately.
0 of these updates are security updates.

*** System restart required ***
osboxes@osboxes:~$ sudo restart
[sudo] password for osboxes:
sudo: restart: command not found
osboxes@osboxes:~$ _

I have not restarted the system since the upgrade from 19.04 to 19.10 kept happening.

Then while I posted this question here I some how was able to restart the system and now I get:

end kernel panic not syncing :VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown block (0,0)

Kernel panic unable to mount root on unknown block 0,0:

[   14.074557] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)
[   14.075002] CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.3.0-19-generic #20-Ubuntu
[   14.075227] Hardware name: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform/440BX Desktop
 Reference Platform, BIOS 6.00 04/13/2018
[   14.075492] Call Trace:
[   14.075628]  dump_stack+0x63/0x8a
[   14.075762]  panic+0x101/0x2d7
[   14.075881]  mount_block_root+0x23f/0x2e8
[   14.076023]  mount_root+0x38/0x3a
[   14.076148]  prepare_namespace+0x13f/0x194
[   14.076295]  kernel_init_freeable+0x231/0x255
[   14.076458]  ? rest_init+0xb0/0xb0
[   14.076629]  kernel_init+0xe/0x100
[   14.076770]  ret_from_fork+0x35/0x40
[   14.076984] Kernel Offset: 0x7a00000 from 0xffffffff81000000 (relocation range:
0xffffffff80000000-0xffffffffbfffffff)
[   14.077291] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs
on unknown-block(0,0) ]---

Now I don't know what should I do. Why this problem came. How to debug this and fix this. Rather than creating a new VM by downloading a new ISO I am more interested to learn and fix the problem which has caused this.

I seem to have figured out something which might be applicable as mentioned at Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0). The thing is before upgrading I did not note down on a paper and pencil which kernel version was running or to what version the upgrade took place. I have been running defaults only, so it should not be a problem.

Someone in comments mentioned:

"On my Ubuntu 19.10 I've had to run apt install initramfs-tools in order to get update-initramfs command –"

I do not know how to work with the Advanced boot menu. Please see the screenshots I uploaded to understand my situation.

Advanced boot options:

Which kernel to boot in Advanced boot options:

Even after booting into one of the kernels in advanced options, I get kernel panic messages.

There is some knowledge gap in my situation. I probably have figured out something which I should try, but I am not able to understand how to proceed from here.

I want to mount a webfolder (NAS-storage) via the terminal. In the end I want to be able to open documents via 'Spyder3' (a python IDE) stored in the webfolder.

The manual of the host gives this command

mount –t cifs //nas.ads.mwn.de/<share_name> <mountpoint> -o username=<lrz-kennung>,domain=ADS 

I adapted it for my paths etc. to

sudo mount –t cifs //nas.ads.mwn.de/USER /media/ferdi/webdisk -o username=USER,domain=ADS,vers=2.1

this results in: mount: bad usage

I checked the package with:

 apt list cifs-utils

this results in: Listing... Done cifs-utils/bionic,now 2:6.8-1 amd64 [installed]

I'm not sure about the vers (the meaning and the correct usage). That is just what was written in the host's manual.

I'm using Ubuntu 16.04. My server is also Ubuntu. Initially in my LAN I was able to connect to the server perfectly using the Connect to Server feature.

All of a sudden Connect to Server stopped working. It wouldn't allow me to connect to the server from my system. I tried reinstalling and reconfiguring Samba, but it still wouldn't work.

It keeps giving me errors as shown in the below screenshots.

I tried with smb://, ftp://, and sftp://, but they all give same result as in the below screenshots.

I also tried with the IP Address something like smb://192.168.0.20/

I am using this guide to show the branch name in gnome terminal (Ubuntu 15.10) when working in a git repository. Based on the above I now have the below in my ~/.bashrc file:

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes 

...

# Add git branch if its present to PS1
parse_git_branch() {
 git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/(\1)/'
}
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
 PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[01;31m\]$(parse_git_branch)\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
 PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w$(parse_git_branch)\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt

As a result I now get:

so it works. But why has the coloring of my user@host been removed? And I would also expect that the branch name should be colored. Before it looked like this:

UPDATE: I have now tried this guide instead:

https://coderwall.com/p/fasnya/add-git-branch-name-to-bash-prompt

adding this to .bashrc:

parse_git_branch() {
     git branch 2> /dev/null | sed -e '/^[^*]/d' -e 's/* \(.*\)/ (\1)/'
}
export PS1="\u@\h \[\033[32m\]\w\[\033[33m\]\$(parse_git_branch)\[\033[00m\] $ "

and that works:

Notice in .bashrc I also have this (default):

# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes

I have yet to find the reason why that snippet gives the correct result and the other version does not. Any input on this?

Here is the version of my .bashrc that has the old snippet enabled that does not work:

http://pastebin.com/M8kjEiH3

I'm just talking about the standard KDE desktop. After a while (many days) of running the task bar stops working properly. This is due to some sort of undiagnosed bug but that's really not my boggle at the moment. It's fixed as soon as I log out and in again.

I have to close everything and ongoing processes like virtual machines have to shut down. It's a big pain. It typically means I put up with a bit of flickering for many days.

Is there a way to just reload the desktop without bombing all the running applications?

I have successfully created a live USB for Fedora 20 on my Ubuntu 12.04 using dd:

sudo dd bs=8M if=Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1.iso of=/dev/sdb

...but I have not been able to find out how to make it persistent. Do you have any suggestions?

Startup Disk Creator is not an option because I am unable to select an ISO file.

UNetbootin failed when I added 512 MB that should persist and also without it. (using a 2 GB USB stick)

Warning: Could not boot
Warning: /dev/disk/by-label/Fedora-Live-Desktop-x86_64-20-1 does not exist
Warning: /dev/mapper/live-rw does not exist

Resulting logs: rdsosreport, journalctl

I wonder if someone can help me? I am fairly new to trying to actually understand and use computers myself rather than just buying whatever Windows/Mac wants me to! You will get a giggle from my flawed attempts anyway.

I would like to start using Ubuntu on my PC. I just got a new hard drive and did have a borrowed Windows 7 disk as was planning to temporarily install it so I could get Ubuntu, however I didn't have high enough spec hardware for Windows 7. I think it is due to only 1GB RAM. I do have 64-bit technology and a 1TB hard drive). I am quite happy to install 32-bit Ubuntu and hear it is easier to use than 64-bit anyway.

I have one other rubbish mini laptop running Windows XP which I am trying to use to get Ubuntu onto a USB (my laptop has no CD drive) so I can install it on the PC. First I tried just downloading Ubuntu 13.04 desktop onto a USB and trying to boot the PC from it which gave the message 'no operating system'. Then I tried these instructions to create a bootable USB which sounded promising, however then it started asking for my saucy desktop iso in order to install it onto the USB stick. I can't really manage to find out what a saucy desktop iso is, maybe a mirror image of an operating system. I have no idea why I would need that.

In short, I'm lost. All I can think of is getting Windows XP somewhere so I can get my PC to work and install Ubuntu from the internet on that, or going to a friend's house in the hope that creating a bootable CD is easier than creating a bootable USB.

I'm sorry for my general ineptness and I hope someone can help!

My Kubuntu which is running on a Lenovo T520 laptop has been dropping out of X intermittently with a kernel panic.

[ 1416.477541] ffff8801b735de68 ffffffff8107ef75 ffff8801b735def8 ffffffff8181dc60
[ 1416.484005] ffff8801b735deb8 ffffffff81449300 ffff8802114f4800 00007f36b4001c00
[ 1416.490344] ffff8801b735def8 ffffffff81119db4 ffff8801b1814c60 0000000000000002
[ 1416.496425] 1424.015161] BUG: unable to handle kernel paging request at ffffc6d39227862a
[ 1424.015292] IP: [<ffffffff8116e478>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x58/0x130
[ 1424.015394] PGD 0 ffff81199db4> _d_alloc+0x34/0x180
[ 1424.015437] Oops: 0000 [#11 SMP d_alloc_pseudo+0xc/0x20
[ 1424.015500] CPU 6 ffff811c7ee9> anon_inode_getfile+0x79/0x170
[ 1424.015532] Modules linked in: [ 1424.015584] hidp dm_crypt pci_stub vboxpci(0) vboxnetadp(0) vboxnetflt(0) vboxdrv(0) rfcomm bnep parport_pc ppdev coretemp kvm_intel kvm arc4 snd_hda_codec_conexant ip6t_REJECT xt_hl ip6t_rt nf_conntrack
_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv6 snd_hda_intel snd_hda_codec_iopset_REJECT snd_hwdep binfmt_misc xt_LOG snd_pcm thinkpad_acpi uvcdvideo xt_limit snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event xt_tcpudp snd_seq xt_addrtype joydev xt_state microcode ip6table_fi
lter snd_timer snd_seq_device ip6_tables videobuf2_core nf_conntrack_netbios_ns snd videodev rt18192ce nf_conntrack_broadcast btusb nf_nat_ftp videobuf2_vmalloc lpc_ich tpm_tis bluetooth nf_nat videobuf2_memops nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_i
pv4 rt18192ce_common rtlwifi nf_conntrack_ftp soundcore psmouse serio_raw mac80211 cfg80211 snd_page_alloc nf_conntrack iptable_filter nvram ip_tables x_tables umi mac_hid mei lp parport hid_generic hid_logitech_dj usb_storage usbhid hid gha
sh_clmulni_intel aesni_intel cryptd aes_x86_64 ahci libahci firewire_ohci 00 00 00 49 63 46 20 4d 8b 06 48 8d 4a 01 <49> 8b 1c 04 4c 89 e0 65 49 0f c7 08 0f 94 c0 84 c0 74 c6 49 63
sdhci_pci [ 1424.017361] firewire_core crc_itu_t sdhci 1915 drm_kms_helper drm e1000e i2c_algo_bit video
[ 1416.560263] RSP <ffff8801b735de18>
[ 1424.017559] Pid: 1, comm: init Tainted: G        0 0 3.5.0-27-generic #46-Ubuntu LENOVO 4239CT0/4239CTO
[ 1424.017705] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8116e478>] [<ffffffff8116e478>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x58/0x130
[ 1424.017827] RSP: 0018:ffff880212897ba8  EFLAGS: 0001028258/0x130
[ 1424.017901] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffff880215466900 RCX: 000000000001508f
[ 1424.017995] RDX: 000000000001508fe RSI: 00000000000000d0 RDI: ffff880215807100
[ 1424.018090] RBP: ffff880212897be8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffff880212897d38
[ 1424.018183] R10: 000000001239c009 R11: d08b8d9e8b6c8f8a R12: ffffc6d39227862a(0) vboxnetadp(0) vboxnetflt(0) vboxdrv(0) rfcomm bnep parport_pc ppdev coretemp kvm_intel kvm arc4 snd_hda_codec_conexant ip6t_REJECT xt_hl ip6t_rt nf_conntrack
[ 1424.018276] R13: 00000000000000d0 R14: ffff880215807100 R15: ffff8801199db4c xt_LOG snd_pcm thinkpad_acpi uvcdvideo xt_limit snd_seq_midi snd_seq_midi_event xt_tcpudp snd_seq xt_addrtype joydev xt_state microcode ip6table_fi
[ 1424.018372] FS:  00007f1a842c4700(0000) GS:ffff88021e380000(0000) knlOS:0000000000000000u rt18192ce nf_conntrack_broadcast btusb nf_nat_ftp videobuf2_vmalloc lpc_ich tpm_tis bluetooth nf_nat videobuf2_memops nf_conntrack_ipv4 nf_defrag_i
[ 1424.018479] CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033erio_raw mac80211 cfg80211 snd_page_alloc nf_conntrack iptable_filter nvram ip_tables x_tables umi mac_hid mei lp parport hid_generic hid_logitech_dj usb_storage usbhid hid gha
[ 1424.018555] CR2: ffffc6d39227862a CR3: 000000020d0a0000 CR4: 00000000000407e0
[ 1424.018649] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 00000000000e1000e i2c_algo_bit video
[ 1424.018742] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 1424.018836] Process init (pid: 1, threadinfo ffff880212896000, task ffff880212898000) LENOVO 4239CT0/4239CTO
[ 1424.018937] Stack:010:[<ffffffff8116e478>] [<ffffffff8116e478>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x58/0x130
[ 1424.019017] ffff880212898000 ffff880212897fd8 ffff880212897bc8 ffff880215466900
[ 1424.019098] ffff880212897d38 ffff880212897d38 ffff88020daa6800 0000000000000000
[ 1424.019225] ffff880212897c18 ffffffff81199db4 ffff880215466900 ffff880215466900
[ 1424.019351] Call Trace:020c23fc28 R08: 0000000000000170 R09: fefefefefefefeff
[ 1424.019397] [<ffffffff81199db4>] __d_alloc+0x34/0x180f R12: ffffc6d39227862a
[ 1424.019473] [<ffffffff8119a1b5>] d_alloc+0x25/0x907100 R15: ffffffff81199db4
[ 1424.019546] [<ffffffff8118d06b>] __lookup_hash+0xdb/0x120(0)000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 1424.019624] [<ffffffff8118f399>] ? lookup_fast+0x219/0x3103b
[ 1424.019705] [<ffffffff8118774f2>] lookup_slow+0x47/0xffab CR4: 00000000000407e0
[ 1424.019779] [<ffffffff8118ff99>] link_path_walk+0x852/0x8b0 0000000000000000
[ 1424.019861] [<ffffffff8116e35f>] ? kmem_cache_alloc+0x11f/0x13000000400
[ 1424.019953] [<ffffffff812ed98c>] ? apparmor_file_alloc_security+0x2c/0x60f88020d405c00)
[ 1424.020048] [<ffffffff81191dbf>] path_openat+0xbf/0x430
[ 1424.020127] [<ffffffff81076ce6>] ? remove_wait_queue+0x56/0x60 ffff88020e9d9d00
[ 1424.020210] [<ffffffff81192251>] do_filp_open+0x41/0xa041/0xa040 00000000fffffff9c
[ 1424.020287] [<ffffffff81183f8d>] ? alloc_fd+0xc6/0x110e9d9d00 ffff88020e9d9d00
[ 1424.020361] [<ffffffff81181d15>] do_sys_open+0xf5/0x230
[ 1424.020436] [<ffffffff81181e71>] sys_open+0x21/0x30x30
[ 1424.020510] [<ffffffff81689a69>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[ 1424.020591] Code: 6f 21 51 00 4d 8b 06 65 4c 03 04 25 48 dc 00 00 49 8b 50 08 4d 8b 20 4d 85 e4 of 84 98 00 00 00 49 63 46 20 4d 8b 06 48 8d 4a 01 <49> 8b 1c 04 4c 89 e0 65 49 0f c7 08 0f 94 c0 84 c0 74 c6 49 63
[ 1424.021337] RIP [<ffffffff8116e478>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x58/0x130
[ 1424.021430] RSP <ffff880212897ba8>a_last+0x3f4/0x410
[ 1424.021480] CR2: ffffc6d39227862a] kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x11f/0x130
[ 1416.999198] [<ffffffff812ed98c>] ? apparmor_file_alloc_security+0x2c/0x60
[ 1424.022243] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00000009
[ 1424.022243] [<ffffffff81167722b>] ? __slab_free+0xee/0x25e
[ 1424.022456] panic occurred, switching back to text console40
[ 1417.021686] [<ffffffff81192251>] do_filp_open+0x41/0xa0
[ 1417.027252] [<ffffffff811923a6>] ? alloc_fd+0xc6/0x110
[ 1417.032817] [<ffffffff81181d15>] do_sys_open+0xf5/0x230
[ 1417.038313] [<ffffffff81181e71>] sys_open+0x21/0x30
[ 1417.043780] [<ffffffff81689a69>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[ 1417.049214] Code: 6f 21 51 00 4d 8b 06 65 4c 03 04 25 48 dc 00 00 49 8b 50 08 4d 8b 20 4d 85 e4 of 84 98 00 00 00 49 63 46 20 4d 8b 06 48 8d 4a 01 <49> 8b 1c 04 4c 89 e0 65 49 0f c7 08 0f 94 c0 84 c0 74 c6 49 63
[ 1417.055187] RIP [<ffffffff8116e478>] kmem_cache_alloc+0x58/0x130
[ 1417.061861] RSP <ffff88020c23fbe8>
[ 1417.066928] CR2: ffffc639227862a

How do I find out what it means?

See "Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempting to kill init!"

Again this isn't a boot problem. It happens while I'm using the PC, or I believe sometimes overnight. I can't think of any recent hardware changes that could be related. I've done a memory test and confirmed my memory is fine, so I'm wondering what to try next. Should I try a different kernel?

I have a dual boot PC with Windows 7 and Ubuntu. I upgraded from 12.04 to 12.10 and then to 13.04 and since then I have not been able to boot because the PC goes into grub rescue with the error "File not found".

I have tried the following steps:

set prefix=(hd0,msdos5)/usr/lib/grub/i386-pc
set root=(hd0,msdos5)
insmod linux

I get error:

symbol not found : 'grub_realidt'.

if I do insmod normal, I get error

symbol not found : 'grub_disk_dev_list'

I have two partitions containing linux file system: (hd0,msdos5) and (hd0,msdos6). They were mountpoints for / and /boot respectively.

I have searched for this error, and found some "solved" threads. But all of them are using Live USB to get in grub prompt. I don't have access to one, and was hoping to be able to solve the issue without a flash drive.

Please help... Thanks in advance.

It has been suggested to me that the use of a chroot might solve my problem of building an application that must run on an embedded device. I have inferred from this description that it is somehow similar to creating the embedded environment locally on my machine which I can then use to develop on from my desktop development machine. Is this the right way to look at the functionality or have I totally misunderstood?

In order to get some idea of how it works I read this https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DebootstrapChroot which I will attempt to make a chroot for an old Ubuntu version on my machine. However, as I am a total linux novice, I am a bit concerned that as I do not entirely know what I am doing is there anyway that I could end up with an unusable system?? Is this something that a novice should even attempt???