Since a few months Lubuntu (based on Ubuntu 25.04 plucky) freezes when I try to edit on tinkercad.com in Firefox.

I checked the system logging, and I discovered the following errors:

radeon 0000:00:01.0: ring 3 stalled for more than x msec

radeon 0000:00:01.0: GPU lockup

where x > 10000

I have an 12-years old machine with a Radeon HD 8330 GPU. Have the drivers been updated recently? Is that likely for a 12-years old GPU?

I started a previous kernel in Linux (6.14.0-36-generic), but the system kept freezing. So the cause is not a new kernel. Then I started the troubleshoot mode in Firefox and my system kept running. So I turned of hardware acceleration in the settings and restarted Firefox. My machine stayed stable. So I presumed the cause is the hardware acceleration. First I thought of a bug in Firefox, but the developpers at Mozilla didn't have a clue.

On reddit I got the advice to run Bodhi 7.0 HWE. Last week I made some time and tried Bodhi 7.0 HWE from a stick. Tinkercad gave no problem at all in Firefox. I worked with it for over an hour and no freezes. So I can rule out both Firefox AND hardware problems!

That leaves only the grapics driver or other parts of the OS as the cause. Does anyone have an idea where to look from here?

I am running Proxmox inside VMware Workstation. I uploaded an Ubuntu ISO and created two VMs. My goal is to have these VMs stay in sync: any change made in VM1 should automatically appear in VM2, and vice versa.

To achieve this, I installed Syncthing. However, it is difficult to add all the directories in the ui syncyhng , so if someone knowhow to let 2 vm's can sync each others , give it yo me .

Scoped enums were introduced towards the end of Qt5, and unscoped were deprecated in Qt6 although they were still supported, however after installing python3-pyqt6 on 24.04, I am getting errors with enums of the newer, scoped variety. If I revert these to the unscoped (and deprecated) form they work. This is creating some serious compatibility issues, and it seems crazy that only the deprecated form from a previous version is supported.

Is there a way around this?

My keyboard has 4 dedicated media keys (play pause previous next). I never use these for their intended function, preferring instead a shell command or clicking a GUI icon. I'd like to use them to run arbitrary shell commands instead. I'm using Ubuntu 26.04/Wayland. In GNOME Settings I can go to Keyboard / View and Customize Shortcuts / Custom Shortcuts and add a shortcut. I can give the new shortcut a name, a shell command with arguments and press a key combination to associate with the command. The interface here will let me add shortcuts for any of the media keys.

But when I then press the selected key, it won't run my command but instead temporarily draws a circle with a diagonal line as if to say "forbidden". Strangely enough, it will run my command for the AudioNext key, but not for the 3 other media keys. (It works for the 3 other keys if add a modifier like Shift). So how does one add a shell command to be run for the Play/Stop/AudioPrev keys without a modifier?

Ubuntu is my primary os i dont have any dual boot set up i only have NVIDIA GeForce MX230 graphics card

previously when the system goes to auto sleep there was not any problem but from yesterday everytime auto sleep occurs the system freezen in the opening screen and i have to force it to perform a hard reset everytime for it to work again

After upgrading from Kubuntu 25.10 to 26.04LTS, before login screen the system starts with qtrc config file corrupted contact sys admin message . Will try to delete it to be re-created. Any other comments are welcome! Thank you!

I frequently run backportpackage to upload .deb source packages to a PPA to have them build on Launchpad and get published there. In recent days this has been (permanently?) failing:

$ backportpackage ...
...
Uploading to ppa (via ftp to ppa.launchpad.net):

Uploading screen_5.0.1-2~bpo26.04.1~1778812240.930c295+master.dsc: [Errno 104] Connection reset by peer

Any suggestions what might be going on? Is this related the recent issues that has taked down all of Launchpad recently in April/May 2026?

I'm stuck at "Booting a Command List" trying to boot a 26.04 LTS USB on a Lenovo Thinkstation P710 B30 - dual XEON, 16GB ram. From 2016/2017.

I've tried: nomodeset, acpi=off, removing quiet splash (and combinations of those). Never get anything.

Any other suggestions? The machine has a working Fedora 24(?) system on it (and a windows partition)

I have a laptop with an onboard Radeon 680M and a RTX 4050; checking nvidia-settings, it does not show the option to switch between the gcards, while calling prime-select query the following options are shown: nvidia|intel|on-demand|query (I don't have a intel)

Is the Radeon not supported or I should try a different approach?

I'm using Kubuntu 26.04 with kernel 7.0.0-15-generic. After suspending the system with Meta+L and leaving the computer for a while, I encounter this screen.

[ 7534.516099] Code: f8 e9 44 f7 19 00 48 c7 c3 b9 65 9f 41 56 45 89 e1 49 89 d8 4c 89 e9 ea 4c 89 ea 48 c7 c7 50 9e e0 64 90 01 00 <0f> 0b 0f b6 f0 48 c7 c7 20 02 c5 9e 80 45 f7 e8 10 9f bc 00 0f b6
[ 7534.516165] RSP: 0018:ffffcb550dfc7c20 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 7534.516196] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff9da058ca RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 7534.516229] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
[ 7534.516262] RBP: ffffcb550dfc7c50 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 7534.516293] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000005
[ 7534.516326] R13: ffffffff9c42009ae R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 7534.516358] FS: 00007a12000d1c80(0000) GS:ffff8910a9100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 7534.516394] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 7534.516424] CR2: 00006335d2d13720 CR3: 00000001fbffc000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0
[ 7534.516457] Call Trace:
[ 7534.516476]  
[ 7534.516503]  arch_jump_label_transform_queue+0x37/0x90
[ 7534.516538]  __jump_label_update+0x47/0x100
[ 7534.516568]  jump_label_update+0x5c/0x110
[ 7534.516596]  static_key_slow_inc_cpuslocked+0x53/0xa0
[ 7534.516627]  static_key_slow_inc+0x1f/0x40
[ 7534.516639]  freeze_processes+0xd1/0xe0
[ 7534.516639]  enter_state+0xe0/0x610
[ 7534.516639]  pm_suspend+0x49/0x90
[ 7534.516639]  state_store+0x2e/0x60
[ 7534.516639]  kobj_attr_store+0x12/0x40
[ 7534.516639]  sysfs_kf_write+0x74/0x90
[ 7534.516639]  kernfs_fop_write_iter+0x161/0x210
[ 7534.516639]  vfs_write+0x25b/0x490
[ 7534.516639]  ksys_write+0x71/0xf0
[ 7534.516639]  __x64_sys_write+0x19/0x30
[ 7534.516639]  x64_sys_call+0x22f/0x2390
[ 7534.516639]  do_syscall_64+0x115/0x5b0
[ 7534.516639]  ? srso_return_thunk+0x5/0x5f
[ 7534.516639]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e
[ 7534.516639] RIP: 0033:0x7a12000b06c5
[ 7534.516639] Code: 47 8a 04 00 00 00 48 8b 05 3f 17 17 00 64 89 10 48 c7 c2 ff ff ff ff c9 48 89 d0 c3 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 48 8b 45 10 0f 05 <48> 89 c2 48 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 0f c9 48 89 d0 c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00
[ 7534.516639] RSP: 002b:00007fff5b743968 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
[ 7534.516639] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00006335d2d09d10 RCX: 00007a12000b06c5
[ 7534.516639] RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 00007fff5b743970 RDI: 0000000000000007
[ 7534.516639] RBP: 00007fff5b743970 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 7534.516639] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000000000000004
[ 7534.516639] R13: 0000000000000004 R14: 00006335d2d13710 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 7534.516639]  
[ 7534.516639] Modules linked in: udp_diag ib_core tcp_diag inet_diag xt_conntrack xt_mark xt_comment xt_addrtype wireguard libcurve25519 ip6_udp_tunnel udp_tunnel dummy rfcomm snd_seq_dummy snd_hrtimer xt_CHECKSUM xt_MASQUERADE xt_conntrack
ipt_REJECT nf_reject_ipv4 xt_tcpudp nft_compat x_tables nft_chain_nat nft_nat nf_nat nf_conntrack nf_defrag_ipv6 nf_defrag_ipv4 nf_tables bridge stp llc ccm nvidia_uvm(OE) qrtr cmac algif_hash algif_skcipher af_alg bnep snd_sof_pci_intel_tgl
snd_sof_intel_hda_common snd_sof_intel_hda_mlink snd_sof_intel_hda snd_sof_pci snd_sof_xtensa_dsp binfmt_misc nvidia_drm(OE) snd_sof snd_sof_utils nvidia_modeset(OE) snd_soc_acpi_intel_match snd_soc_acpi snd_soc_core snd_compress ac97_bus
snd_pcm_dmaengine snd_pci_acp6x snd_hda_codec_hdmi snd_hda_intel snd_intel_dspcfg snd_intel_sdw_acpi snd_hda_codec snd_hda_core snd_hwdep snd_pcm snd_seq snd_seq_device snd_timer snd_soc_sdca snd_soc_dcodec snd_soc_dcodec_component snd_hda_codec_realtek
snd_hda_codec_generic snd_hda_codec_alc285 snd_hda_codec_alc269 snd_soc_dmic snd_soc_dmic_common intel_rapl_common soundwire_bus snd_hda_codec_realtek_lib snd_hda_ext_core snd_soc_sof_sdw snd_soc_sof_sdw_common snd_soc_sof_sdw_utils soundwire_generic_allocation
snd_soc_sof_sdw_common_utils soundwire_intel snd_soc_sof_sdw_utils_common soundwire_intel_common intel_vsec rapl pcspkr joydev thunderbolt i2c_piix4 k10temp nvme_common wmi_bmof acpi_pad acpi_cpufreq video i2c_hid_acpi i2c_hid
[ 7534.516748] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[ 7537.502945] RIP: 0010:__jump_label_patch_cold+0x24/0x26
[ 7537.502999] Code: f8 e9 44 f7 19 00 48 c7 c3 b9 65 9f 41 56 45 89 e1 49 89 d8 4c 89 e9 ea 4c 89 ea 48 c7 c7 50 9e e0 64 90 01 00 <0f> 0b 0f b6 f0 48 c7 c7 20 02 c5 9e 80 45 f7 e8 10 9f bc 00 0f b6
[ 7537.503070] RSP: 0018:ffffcb550dfc7c20 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 7537.503104] RAX: 0000000000000000 RBX: ffffffff9da058ca RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 7537.503139] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000000
[ 7537.503175] RBP: ffffcb550dfc7c50 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
[ 7537.503210] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000005
[ 7537.503248] R13: ffffffff9c42009ae R14: 0000000000000001 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 7537.503228] FS: 00007a12000d1c80(0000) GS:ffff891097a00000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 7537.503093] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 7537.505943] CR2: 00007b8595f60020 CR3: 00000001fbffc000 CR4: 0000000000350ef0
[ 7537.535389] Generic FE-GE Realtek PHY r8169-0-300:00: attached PHY driver (mii_bus:phy_addr=r8169-0-300:00, irq=MAC)
[ 7537.607474] r8169 0000:09:00.0 enp1: Link is Down

I'm forced to perform a hard reboot via the power button or use the REISUB to restart. Has anyone experienced this, or knows a solution?

edit: my question is detailed enough to see it's not about how to install Firefox with the deb package, I've already edited it to follow someone's advice and have no idea what I should add.

Environment

• OS: Ubuntu 26.04 LTS (fresh install, last LTS)
• Hardware: AMD-powered laptop [Lenovo IdeaPad-Slim-5-15ARP1]
• Session: Wayland
• Firefox: installed from Mozilla APT repository (removed snap first)
• Thunderbird: installed from Mozilla APT repository (works, but shows warning)

What I did

1. Installed Ubuntu 24.04 LTS on a new laptop
2. Removed the preinstalled Firefox and Thunderbird snaps
3. Followed the official Mozilla instructions to add the Mozilla APT repository and install the .deb builds
4. Thunderbird launches normally
5. Firefox fails to start

Expected behavior

Both Firefox and Thunderbird should start normally from the APT packages, as on previous Ubuntu releases.

Actual behavior

• Firefox: crashes instantly and sometimes shows the Mozilla Crash Reporter instead of a browser window
• Thunderbird: starts, but prints a sandbox warning in terminal

Terminal output

Firefox:

[16570] Sandbox: CanCreateUserNamespace() unshare(CLONE_NEWPID): EPERM
[16567] Wayland Proxy [0x7bc5c6587010] Error: StartProxyServer(): bind() error : Permission non accordée
[Parent 16567, Main Thread] WARNING: Error: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.AccessDenied: An AppArmor policy prevents this sender from sending this message to this recipient; type="method_call", sender=":1.170" (uid=1000 pid=16567 comm="/usr/lib/firefox/firefox" label="firefox (enforce)") interface="org.gtk.vfs.Metadata" member="GetTreeFromDevice" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.75" (uid=1000 pid=3497 comm="/usr/libexec/gvfsd-metadata" label="unconfined")
: 'glib warning', file toolkit/xre/nsSigHandlers.cpp:201

Followed by multiple additional warning paragraphs.

Thunderbird:

Sandbox: CanCreateUserNamespace() unshare(CLONE_NEWPID): EPERM

What I've already checked

• Both applications were installed using the exact steps from the official Mozilla website for Ubuntu
• Thunderbird works despite the sandbox warning, Firefox does not
• Errors mention AppArmor (label="firefox (enforce)"), Wayland proxy bind permission, and unshare(CLONE_NEWPID): EPERM

Question

How do I fix the Firefox startup crash on Ubuntu 24.04 after replacing the snap with the Mozilla APT build? Is this caused by the new AppArmor user namespace restrictions, the Wayland sandbox, or a missing permission, and what is the correct way to allow Firefox to create its sandbox without reverting to the snap?

Attempt n°1: create an apparmor profile for the new Firefox installation.

I've looked for an example and copied a profile suggested on Reddit. It did not change the outcome:

sudo systemctl restart apparmor.service
[sudo: authenticate] Mot de passe :    
Warning: The unit file, source configuration file or drop-ins of apparmor.service changed on disk. Run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to reload units.
rei@rei-IdeaPad-Slim-5-15ARP10:~$ systemctl daemon-reload
rei@rei-IdeaPad-Slim-5-15ARP10:~$ firefox
[263254] Sandbox: CanCreateUserNamespace() unshare(CLONE_NEWPID): EPERM
[263251] Wayland Proxy [0x702f53186570] Error: StartProxyServer(): bind() error : Permission non accordée

I was trying to use these commands to install Firebird on Windows Subsystem for Linux (I'm new to this).

wget -O firebird.tar.gz https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/download/R2_5_9/FirebirdSS-2.5.9.27139-0.amd64.tar.gz

then:

tar -zxvf firebird.tar.gz

then:

sudo ./install.sh

And I typed my password. All I got was: sudo: './install.sh': command not found

What am I doing wrong? I used this instruction (It's a Polish website, but you can translate it.): https://dgcs.pl/firebird3-0-linux/

I have installed Ubuntu for the first time, and the fans are not working at all, regardless of the load.

Laptop Model: OMEN by HP Gaming Laptop 16-xd0xxx

Base Board: 8BCD

CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 7840HS
GPU: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4050 GPU in a laptop

What I have tried:
I tried going into /sys/class/hwmon/ and there in hwmon6, whose name is hp, both fan speeds are 0 and not updating, and pwm1_enable is set to 2

I ran this command also: ls /sys/kernel/debug/ec/ec0/io 2\>/dev/null || echo "EC not accessible" and it outputs EC not accessible

How do I make the fans work?

I am trying to use a Qualcomm QCN9274 (Compex WLE7002E25) Wi-Fi card on my x86 machine, but it's not working with the ath12k driver.

I am using the official board-2.bin from the upstream repository here.

[  954.894565] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 0 [mem 0x80400000-0x805fffff 64bit]: assigned
[  954.894706] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: MSI vectors: 16
[  954.894709] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: Hardware name: qcn9274 hw2.0
[  955.593136] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: qmi dma allocation failed (29360128 B type 1), will try later with small size
[  955.606921] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: memory type 10 not supported
[  955.612535] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: chip_id 0x0 chip_family 0xb board_id 0x101a soc_id 0x401a2200
[  955.612548] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: fw_version 0x141580c7 fw_build_timestamp 2024-11-11 11:03 fw_build_id QC_IMAGE_VERSION_STRING=WLAN.WBE.1.4.1-00199-QCAHKSWPL_SILICONZ-1
[  955.635702] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: failed to fetch board data for bus=pci,qmi-chip-id=0,qmi-board-id=4122 from ath12k/QCN9274/hw2.0/board-2.bin
[  955.635707] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: failed to fetch board data for bus=pci,qmi-chip-id=0,qmi-board-id=255 from ath12k/QCN9274/hw2.0/board-2.bin
[  955.635709] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: failed to fetch board.bin from QCN9274/hw2.0
[  955.635711] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: qmi failed to load bdf:
[  955.635712] ath12k_pci 0000:01:00.0: qmi failed to load board data file:-2

jack@jack-pc:~$ uname -a
Linux jack-pc 6.8.0-111-generic #111~22.04.1-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Tue Apr 14 17:13:45 UTC  x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Does anyone know what the problem is?

I am using Ubuntu 25.10 and I think my PC may have been compromised by malware or a trojan.

The reason I suspect this is because:

• My ad blocker suddenly stopped working.

• Some messages were deleted from my email account and Instagram account without my permission.

• I am worried someone may have gained access to my accounts or system.

I do not have much experience with Ubuntu or Linux security, so I am not sure how to properly check my system.

So far I have tried:

• Running ss -tulnp to check open ports.

• Checking running processes manually.

• Trying to use debsums, but it was not installed.

I would like to know:

1. How can I verify if my Ubuntu system is infected or compromised?

2. What logs or commands should I check?

3. How can I determine whether the problem is in my PC or only in my online accounts?

4. What immediate security steps should I take?

On ubuntu 26.04 (revolute), I have some troubles with camera/webcame for Dell Latitude 73640. On the live USB of UBUNTU, camera is working. But not after installation...

Here after a short diagnosis of what is available on the live :

dpkg -l | grep -Ei 'ipu|ivsc|camera|libcamera|pipewire|portal|v412'    

ii  accountsservice                            23.13.9-8ubuntu5                           amd64        query and manipulate user account information
    ii  bpftool                                    7.7.0+7.0.0-14.14                          amd64        Inspection and simple manipulation of BPF programs and maps
    ii  bubblewrap                                 0.11.1-1                                   amd64        utility for unprivileged chroot and namespace manipulation
    ii  cups-ppdc                                  2.4.16-1ubuntu1                            amd64        Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - PPD manipulation utilities
    ii  gnome-remote-desktop                       50.0-0ubuntu2                              amd64        Remote desktop daemon for GNOME using PipeWire
    ii  gstreamer1.0-libcamera:amd64               0.7.0-1ubuntu2                             amd64        complex camera support library (GStreamer plugin)
    ii  gstreamer1.0-pipewire:amd64                1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        GStreamer 1.0 plugin for the PipeWire multimedia server
    ii  iputils-ping                               3:20250605-1ubuntu1                        amd64        Tools to test the reachability of network hosts
    ii  iputils-tracepath                          3:20250605-1ubuntu1                        amd64        Tools to trace the network path to a remote host
    ii  libaccountsservice0:amd64                  23.13.9-8ubuntu5                           amd64        query and manipulate user account information - shared libraries
    ii  libblockdev3:amd64                         3.4.0-1                                    amd64        Library for manipulating block devices
    ii  libcamera-ipa:amd64                        0.7.0-1ubuntu2                             amd64        complex camera support library (IPA modules)
    ii  libcamera0.7:amd64                         0.7.0-1ubuntu2                             amd64        complex camera support library
    ii  libexiv2-28:amd64                          0.28.8+dfsg-1                              amd64        EXIF/IPTC/XMP metadata manipulation library
    ii  libexiv2-data                              0.28.8+dfsg-1                              all          EXIF/IPTC/XMP metadata manipulation library - shared data
    ii  libgphoto2-6t64:amd64                      2.5.33-1ubuntu1                            amd64        gphoto2 digital camera library
    ii  libgphoto2-l10n                            2.5.33-1ubuntu1                            all          gphoto2 digital camera library - localized messages
    ii  libgphoto2-port12t64:amd64                 2.5.33-1ubuntu1                            amd64        gphoto2 digital camera port library
    ii  libisl23:amd64                             0.27-1build1                               amd64        manipulating sets and relations of integer points bounded by linear constraints
    ii  libjansson4:amd64                          2.14-2build4                               amd64        C library for encoding, decoding and manipulating JSON data
    ii  libjson-c5:amd64                           0.18+ds-3                                  amd64        JSON manipulation library - shared library
    ii  libjson-glib-1.0-0:amd64                   1.10.8+ds-2                                amd64        GLib JSON manipulation library
    ii  libjson-glib-1.0-common                    1.10.8+ds-2                                all          GLib JSON manipulation library (common files)
    ii  libmailtools-perl                          2.22-1                                     all          modules to manipulate email in perl programs
    ii  liboeffis1:amd64                           1.5.0-3                                    amd64        RemoteDesktop portal DBus helper library
    ii  libparted-fs-resize0t64:amd64              3.6-6                                      amd64        disk partition manipulator - shared FS resizing library
    ii  libparted2t64:amd64                        3.6-6                                      amd64        disk partition manipulator - shared library
    ii  libpipeline1:amd64                         1.5.8-2                                    amd64        Unix process pipeline manipulation library
    ii  libpipewire-0.3-0t64:amd64                 1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        libraries for the PipeWire multimedia server
    ii  libpipewire-0.3-common                     1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             all          libraries for the PipeWire multimedia server - common files
    ii  libpipewire-0.3-modules:amd64              1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        libraries for the PipeWire multimedia server - modules
    ii  libpixman-1-0:amd64                        0.46.4-1                                   amd64        pixel-manipulation library for X and cairo
    ii  libportal-gtk3-1:amd64                     0.9.1-2build1                              amd64        Flatpak portal library for GTK 3 GUIs
    ii  libportal-gtk4-1:amd64                     0.9.1-2build1                              amd64        Flatpak portal library for GTK 4 GUIs
    ii  libportal1:amd64                           0.9.1-2build1                              amd64        Flatpak portal library - non-GUI part
    ii  libsepol2:amd64                            3.9-2                                      amd64        SELinux library for manipulating binary security policies
    ii  libspa-0.2-bluetooth:amd64                 1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        libraries for the PipeWire multimedia server - bluetooth plugins
    ii  libspa-0.2-libcamera:amd64                 1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        libraries for the PipeWire multimedia server - libcamera plugin
    ii  libspa-0.2-modules:amd64                   1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        libraries for the PipeWire multimedia server Simple Plugin API - modules
    ii  libtimedate-perl                           2.3300-2                                   all          collection of modules to manipulate date/time information
    ii  liburi-perl                                5.34-2build1                               all          module to manipulate and access URI strings
    ii  libvolume-key1:amd64                       0.3.12-10build2                            amd64        Library for manipulating storage encryption keys and passphrases
    ii  libxkbfile1:amd64                          1:1.1.0-1build5                            amd64        X11 keyboard file manipulation library
    ii  linux-firmware-intel-graphics              20260319.git217ca6e4-0ubuntu2              all          Firmware for Intel graphics and IPU and VSC processors
    ii  mokutil                                    0.7.2-2                                    amd64        tools for manipulating machine owner keys
    ii  mount                                      2.41.3-3ubuntu2                            amd64        tools for mounting and manipulating filesystems
    ii  parted                                     3.6-6                                      amd64        disk partition manipulator
    ii  pipewire:amd64                             1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        audio and video processing engine multimedia server
    ii  pipewire-alsa:amd64                        1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        PipeWire ALSA plugin, for ALSA applications to output via PipeWire
    ii  pipewire-audio                             1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             all          recommended set of PipeWire packages for a standard audio desktop use
    ii  pipewire-bin                               1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        PipeWire multimedia server - programs
    ii  pipewire-pulse                             1.6.2-1ubuntu1                             amd64        PipeWire PulseAudio daemon
    ii  python3-jaraco.text                        4.0.0-1build1                              all          jaraco text manipulation functions
    ii  python3-lazr.uri                           1.0.6-7build1                              all          library for parsing, manipulating, and generating URIs
    ii  python3-netaddr                            1.3.0-1build1                              all          manipulation of various common network address notations (Python 3)
    ii  python3-xkit                               0.5.0ubuntu8                               all          library for the manipulation of xorg.conf files (Python 3)
    ii  sbsigntool                                 0.9.4-3.1ubuntu9                           amd64        Tools to manipulate signatures on UEFI binaries and drivers
    ii  udisks2                                    2.10.91-1ubuntu2                           amd64        D-Bus service to access and manipulate storage devices
    ii  wireplumber                                0.5.13-1ubuntu1                            amd64        modular session / policy manager for PipeWire
    ii  xdg-desktop-portal                         1.21.1+ds-1ubuntu3                         amd64        desktop integration portal for Flatpak and Snap
    ii  xdg-desktop-portal-gnome                   50.0-0ubuntu1                              amd64        GNOME portal backend for xdg-desktop-portal
    ii  xdg-desktop-portal-gtk                     1.15.3-2ubuntu1                            amd64        GTK+/GNOME portal backend for xdg-desktop-portal
    ii  xorriso                                    1:1.5.6-1.1ubuntu4                         amd64        command line ISO-9660 and Rock Ridge manipulation tool

And

lsmod | grep -Ei 'iup|ivsc|v4l2|uvc'
videobuf2_v4l2         36864  1 intel_ipu6_isys
videobuf2_common       90112  4 videobuf2_v4l2,intel_ipu6_isys,videobuf2_dma_sg,videobuf2_memops
ivsc_ace               16384  0
ivsc_csi               12288  3
mei                   184320  10 ivsc_ace,mei_hdcp,mei_pxp,ivsc_csi,mei_vsc,mei_me
ipu_bridge             24576  3 intel_ipu6,ivsc_csi,intel_ipu6_isys
v4l2_fwnode            40960  8 hi556,ivsc_csi,intel_ipu6_isys
v4l2_async             32768  4 v4l2_fwnode,hi556,ivsc_csi,intel_ipu6_isys
videodev              376832  16 v4l2_async,v4l2_fwnode,hi556,videobuf2_v4l2,ivsc_csi,intel_ipu6_isys
mc                     90112  10 v4l2_async,videodev,snd_usb_audio,hi556,videobuf2_v4l2,ivsc_csi,intel_ipu6_isys,videobuf2_common

And to complete

sudo dmesg | grep -Ei 'iup|ivsc|camera|sensor|ov'
[    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
[    0.000000] efi: Remove mem99: MMIO range=[0xc0000000-0xcfffffff] (256MB) from e820 map
[    0.000000] e820: remove [mem 0xc0000000-0xcfffffff] device reserved
[    0.000000] efi: Remove mem100: MMIO range=[0xf9800000-0xf9ffffff] (8MB) from e820 map
[    0.000000] e820: remove [mem 0xf9800000-0xf9ffffff] device reserved
[    0.000000] efi: Remove mem102: MMIO range=[0xff000000-0xffffffff] (16MB) from e820 map
[    0.000000] e820: remove [mem 0xff000000-0xffffffff] device reserved
[    0.000011] e820: remove [mem 0x000a0000-0x000fffff] System RAM
[    0.009607] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
[    0.009609] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 high level)
[    0.009704] Movable zone start for each node
[    0.115649] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'fair_share'
[    0.115649] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'bang_bang'
[    0.115649] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[    0.115649] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'user_space'
[    0.115649] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'power_allocator'
[    0.115649] cpuidle: using governor ladder
[    0.115649] cpuidle: using governor menu
[    0.653235] NetLabel:  protocols = UNLABELED CIPSOv4 CALIPSO
[    0.826156] fbcon: Deferring console take-over
[    0.840610] Key type fscrypt-provisioning registered
[    1.839677] hid-generic 001F:8087:0AC2.0002: hidraw1: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.854131] hid-generic 001F:8087:0AC2.0003: hidraw2: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.866426] hid-generic 001F:8087:0AC2.0004: hidraw3: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.873646] hid-generic 001F:8087:0AC2.0005: hidraw4: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.878387] hid-sensor-hub 001F:8087:0AC2.0002: hidraw1: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.879948] hid-sensor-hub 001F:8087:0AC2.0003: hidraw2: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.881466] hid-sensor-hub 001F:8087:0AC2.0004: hidraw3: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    1.882495] hid-sensor-hub 001F:8087:0AC2.0005: hidraw4: SENSOR HUB HID v2.00 Device [hid-ishtp 8087:0AC2] on 
[    2.127658] usb 2-1.3: Manufacturer: Lenovo
[    3.067688] raid6: using avx2x2 recovery algorithm
[    3.866954] sd 0:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI removable disk
[    4.808951] overlayfs: null uuid in non-single lower fs '/', falling back to xino=off,index=off,nfs_export=off.
[    5.254541] EXT4-fs (sda4): recovery complete
[    5.773359] evm: overlay not supported
[   14.550372] systemd[1]: /usr/lib/systemd/system/xfs_scrub_all.service:26: Support for option CPUAccounting= has been removed and it is ignored
[   14.550782] systemd[1]: /usr/lib/systemd/system/system-xfs_scrub.slice:15: Support for option CPUAccounting= has been removed and it is ignored
[   16.866612] RAPL PMU: API unit is 2^-32 Joules, 4 fixed counters, 655360 ms ovfl timer
[   17.174889] fbcon: Deferring console take-over
[   29.575149] pci 0000:00:05.0: Found supported sensor INT3537:00
[   29.575381] pci 0000:00:05.0: Connected 1 cameras
[   29.760132] hi556 i2c-INT3537:00: supply dovdd not found, using dummy regulator

And

systemctl --user --no-pager | grep -E 'pipewire|portal|wireplumber'
  pipewire-pulse.service                                                                                                                                              loaded active     running         PipeWire PulseAudio
  pipewire.service                                                                                                                                                    loaded active     running         PipeWire Multimedia Service
  wireplumber.service                                                                                                                                                 loaded active     running         Multimedia Service Session Manager
  xdg-desktop-portal-gnome.service                                                                                                                                    loaded active     running         Portal service (GNOME implementation)
  xdg-desktop-portal-gtk.service                                                                                                                                      loaded active     running         Portal service (GTK/GNOME implementation)
  xdg-desktop-portal.service                                                                                                                                          loaded active     running         Portal service
  xdg-document-portal.service                                                                                                                                         loaded active     running         flatpak document portal service
  pipewire-pulse.socket                                                                                                                                               loaded active     running         PipeWire PulseAudio
  pipewire.socket                                                                                                                                                     loaded active     running         PipeWire Multimedi

After the installation on the PC, the cam -l retunr the follwoing results :

WIth the command cam -l

cam -l
[0:07:40.546835667] [10325]  INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:340 libcamera v0.7.0
[0:07:40.564887582] [10333]  WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:355 'hi556 15-0020': Recommended V4L2 control 0x009a0922 not supported
[0:07:40.564931589] [10333]  WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:427 'hi556 15-0020': The sensor kernel driver needs to be fixed
[0:07:40.564938308] [10333]  WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:429 'hi556 15-0020': See Documentation/sensor_driver_requirements.rst in the libcamera sources for more information
[0:07:40.565146356] [10333]  WARN CameraSensorProperties camera_sensor_properties.cpp:548 No static properties available for 'hi556'
[0:07:40.565153890] [10333]  WARN CameraSensorProperties camera_sensor_properties.cpp:550 Please consider updating the camera sensor properties database
[0:07:40.565158322] [10333]  WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:595 'hi556 15-0020': Failed to retrieve the camera location
[0:07:40.565162437] [10333]  WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:617 'hi556 15-0020': Rotation control not available, default to 0 degrees
[0:07:40.565168593] [10333]  WARN CameraSensor camera_sensor_legacy.cpp:502 'hi556 15-0020': No sensor delays found in static properties. Assuming unverified defaults.
[0:07:40.566589384] [10333]  WARN IPAProxy ipa_proxy.cpp:192 Configuration file 'hi556.yaml' not found for IPA module 'simple', falling back to '/usr/share/libcamera/ipa/simple/uncalibrated.yaml'
[0:07:40.566616685] [10333]  WARN IPASoft soft_simple.cpp:104 IPASoft: Failed to create camera sensor helper for hi556
[0:07:40.566813437] [10333]  INFO Camera camera_manager.cpp:223 Adding camera '\_SB_.PC00.LNK1' for pipeline handler simple
Available cameras:
1: 'hi556' (\_SB_.PC00.LNK1)

$ LANG=C sudo apt full-upgrade 
Not upgrading:                  
  cpp-15                   libasan8    libgcc-15-dev  libgomp1    liblsan0      libstdc++-15-dev  libubsan1
  cpp-15-x86-64-linux-gnu  libatomic1  libgcc-s1      libhwasan0  libobjc4      libstdc++6
  gcc-15-base              libcc1-0    libgfortran5   libitm1     libquadmath0  libtsan2

Summary:
  Upgrading: 0, Installing: 0, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 19

$ sudo do-release-upgrade -d
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
Please install all available updates for your release before upgrading.

$ LANG=C sudo apt-get install build-essential 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Solving dependencies... Error!
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:14.2) but it is not going to be installed
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:14.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to satisfy dependencies. Reached two conflicting decisions:
   1. gcc-15:amd64 is selected for install because:
      1. build-essential:amd64=12.12ubuntu1 is selected for install
      2. build-essential:amd64 Depends gcc (>= 4:14.2)
      3. gcc:amd64 Depends gcc-15 (>= 15.2.0-2~)
   2. gcc-15:amd64 is available in versions 15.2.0-5ubuntu1, 15.2.0-4ubuntu4
      but none of the choices are installable:
      - gcc-15:amd64=15.2.0-5ubuntu1 Depends gcc-15-base (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1)
        but none of the choices are installable:
        - gcc-15-base:amd64=15.2.0-5ubuntu1 is not selected for install because:
          1. libgcc-s1:i386 is selected for install
          2. libgcc-s1:i386 Depends gcc-15-base:i386 (= 15.2.0-4ubuntu4)
          3. gcc-15-base:i386 Breaks gcc-15-base (!= 15.2.0-4ubuntu4)
      - gcc-15:amd64=15.2.0-4ubuntu4 is not selected for install

$ LANG=C sudo apt-get install gcc-15 g++-15
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Solving dependencies... Error!
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 g++-15 : Depends: g++-15-x86-64-linux-gnu (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1)
          Depends: gcc-15-base (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1) but 15.2.0-4ubuntu4 is to be installed
 gcc-15 : Depends: gcc-15-x86-64-linux-gnu (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1)
          Depends: gcc-15-base (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1) but 15.2.0-4ubuntu4 is to be installed
          Depends: cpp-15 (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1) but 15.2.0-4ubuntu4 is to be installed
E: Unable to satisfy dependencies. Reached two conflicting decisions:
   1. gcc-15-base:i386 is selected for install because:
      1. libgcc-s1:i386 is selected for install
      2. libgcc-s1:i386 Depends gcc-15-base:i386 (= 15.2.0-4ubuntu4)
   2. gcc-15-base:i386 is selected for removal because:
      1. g++-15:amd64=15.2.0-5ubuntu1 is selected for install
      2. g++-15:amd64=15.2.0-5ubuntu1 Depends gcc-15-base (= 15.2.0-5ubuntu1)
      3. gcc-15-base:i386 Breaks gcc-15-base (!= 15.2.0-4ubuntu4)

How to fix them?

A fresh installation of Kubuntu 26.04 does not recognize the 16 GB eMMC drive. I did not have this problem with other releases with the same specs. This is a Dell Chromebook P22T Bay Trail in which I run Kubuntu 24.04 and Kubuntu 25.10.

I recently installed Ubuntu 26.04 and I noticed that the thumbnails for my comics aren't showing in the Files file manager. I tried installing different thumbnailers, but nothing seems to work. Instead it just shows the default Ubuntu document icons.

I do not have Evince or mcomix installed. I'm using the default document reader that comes with Ubuntu 26.04.

I have an ASUS Vivobook 18 M1807HA with an AMD Radeon 780M integrated GPU running Ubuntu 24.04 (kernel 6.17.0-20-generic).

Problem

When running on battery power only, my laptop generates constant USB device connection/disconnection sounds (the "ding-dong" notification) every 60-90 seconds. The desktop icons sometimes refresh/update when this happens.

This does NOT happen when the AC adapter is plugged in.

What I've tried

I've investigated extensively and found that:

1. Running sudo udevadm monitor shows constant drm/card1 change events:

KERNEL [1192.228486] change   /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:03:00.0/drm/card1 (drm)
UDEV  [1192.261376] change/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:03:00.0/drm/card1 (drm)
KERNEL [1231.346665] change/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:03:00.0/drm/card1 (drm)
UDEV  [1231.370399] change/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:08.1/0000:03:00.0/drm/card1 (drm)

2. Setting amdgpu.runpm=0 in GRUB does not resolve the issue
3. Disabling WiFi does not resolve the issue
4. power_dpm_force_performance_level remains unchanged during events
5. No error messages appear in dmesg

Workaround

Disabling system event sounds stops the audible notification:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.sound event-sounds false

However, the underlying issue (constant drm change events) persists.

Questions

1. Is this a known bug with the AMD Radeon 780M on battery power?
2. Has anyone else with recent AMD Ryzen AI laptops experienced this?
3. Is there a proper fix beyond disabling notification sounds?

I've already reported this as a bug to the AMD DRM developers, but I'm curious if others in the Ubuntu community have encountered this issue.

System info:

• Laptop: ASUS Vivobook 18 M1807HA
• GPU: AMD Radeon 780M (integrated)
• CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 260
• Kernel: 6.17.0-20-generic
• Distribution: Ubuntu 24.04

My PDF thumbnails on the desktop have reverted to Adobe icons.

I have Evince installed and I am confident that the thumbnails are being generated because thumbnails show up in the Nautilus window for the desktop folder.

Two out of a dozen or more thumbnails are displayed on the desktop, as in this screenshot, so there's hope that something is working correctly, just not everything. One pdf link displays a thumbnail, one an icon.

I tried clearing out the thumbnail cache. They regenerate perfectly and display in Nautilus, but not on the desktop.

I tried switching my default PDF reader from Evince/Document View to Okular (my preferred viewer) and back with reboots in between.

This used to work fine, and stopped working after updates.

I am running Ubuntu 24.10 on a Dell XPS 13 and everything is up to date. I'm not a newbie but I'm not deeply into the technical details, so please give suggestion without assuming too much technical knowledge here.

From How to easily resize images via command-line? I know I can use this command to resize an image in bash:

convert -resize 1024X768  source.png dest.jpg

But I'm stuck at only providing the width and keeping the aspect ratio.

man convert does not provide any help for -resize flag.

I want something like convert -resize 1024 -keep-ratio source.png dest.png

What would be the command?

This is the error shown after I shutdown:

I am new at using linux, and I am currently using Ubuntu 20.04. I use Ubuntu via a external HDD(WD 1TB). The HDD is two years old.

Recently this error has been popping whenever I shutdown and the OS too is lagging.

Any help will be greatly appreciated.

I cannot see where to disable alert sounds on Ubuntu 20.04. I believe it was available under Sound Settings in older versions of Ubuntu. "Alert sound" is there but not a corresponding volume.

1. Is there an alternative way to do this?
2. If this is not possible from Settings, who on earth decided that was a good idea? Thanks!

Summary: how to configure the netplan on a host machine to create a bridge (with a static IP address) that would be used on guest virtual machine (shall be accessible from a local lan).

I am using Ubuntu 17.10, 32 bit. nplan 0.32~17.10.1.

I am trying to configure a linux virtual container that should be accessible from the local network. But I am failing to configure a bridge on host machine with the nplan.
I have tried to follow the following guide with no luck:
https://discuss.linuxcontainers.org/t/static-ip-for-containers-with-local-lan-access/817
The guide configures a host system with two NICs. My host machine has a single interface.

I am still dealing with the nplan configuration on my host machine. My nplan config on host machine is the following:

network:  
  version: 2  
  renderer: networkd  
  ethernets:  
    ens32:  
      dhcp4: no  
      dhcp6: no  
      addresses: [10.0.0.247/24]  
      gateway4: 10.0.0.138  
      nameservers:  
        addresses: [10.0.0.138,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4]  
  bridges:  
    br0:  
      interfaces: [ens32]  
      dhcp4: no  
      dhcp6: no  
      addresses: [10.0.0.248/24]  
      parameters:  
        stp: false  
        forward-delay: 0  

after 'netplan apply' on host machine I can resolve google.com, but I can not ping:

ping google.com  
PING google.com (172.217.22.174) 56(84) bytes of data.  
From fileserver (10.0.0.247) icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable  

ip a  
1: lo ...  
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000  
    link/ether 00:01:2e:4c:4c:97 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
    inet 10.0.0.247/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global ens32  
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000  
    link/ether ba:5f:c3:f0:a8:bd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff  
    inet 10.0.0.248/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global br0  
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever  

When I remove the complete section 'bridges:' from the nplan config I have to reboot the computer to get rid of the bridge (netplan apply is not enough - why?).

After the reboot, I can ping google.com.

Any help with the nplan configuration (on host and also on virtual guest) would be very welcome.

Thank you.

This happens to me all the time. What I actually want to do is "Ctrl+A, Shift+|". But instead, I accidently hit "Ctrl+A, Shift+C". And it brings me to a new instance of screen.

But there are some output on my last screen which I would like to reference later. Wonder how to get back to it?

I'm trying to migrate to my new NVMe Samsung 950 pro.

chroot /mnt/boot-sav/nvme0n1p3 update-grub
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda1.  Check your device.map.

Process:

• Copied/pasted via Gparted (lastest gparted live-cd)
• Ran boot-repair (with 15.10 ubuntu desktop)
• failed on update-grub

http://paste.ubuntu.com/13244403/

Old drive had:

• sda1 fat32 EFI
• sda2 ntfs
• unallocated (had to shrink a small amount for new drive)
• sda3 ext4
• sda4 linux-swap

My first guess is that I'm no longer using an sd, but an nvm prefixed device.

Any thoughts/help is appreciated.

sudo fdisk -l

Device             Start       End   Sectors   Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1      2048    206847    204800   100M Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p2    206848 487878655 487671808 232.6G Microsoft basic data
/dev/nvme0n1p3 487878656 864057343 376178688 179.4G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p4 864057344 897484799  33427456    16G Linux swap

Device     Boot   Start     End Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *          0 2301535 2301536  1.1G  0 Empty
/dev/sda2       2279532 2284075    4544  2.2M  c W95 FAT32 (LBA)

Update 11/14/15

This is the latest attempt:

sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt
sudo mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi

for i in /dev /dev/pts /proc /sys /run; do sudo mount -B $i /mnt$i; done

sudo cp --remove-destination /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --target=x86_64-efi --uefi-secure-boot 

Results:

Installation finished. No error reported.

$ update-grub
grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sda1.  Check your device.map.

When I look in /boot/grub I do NOT have a device.map. I read that I don't need one for grub2, but I generated one, ran update-grub and ran into the same message as above.

I attempt to reboot anyway, and my EFI only shows a Windows Boot Manager as a bootable item, for which it lands on a windows recovery screen. The Ubuntu partition isn't listed as a bootable drive in EFI.

Is there a list of Ubuntu versions with default corresponding Linux kernel versions somewhere?

I would specifically like to know the most recent version of Ubuntu that still used Linux Kernel 2.x.

I have a RAID-5. I'm trying to replace a failing drive in Disk Utility GUI. I added a new drive as a spare, then did "Remove Component" for the failing drive. How do I tell it to actually use the spare (write all the parity data, etc)?

I tried re-adding, because I got nervous...

$ sudo mdadm /dev/md127 --re-add /dev/sdd

mdadm: --re-add for /dev/sdd to /dev/md127 is not possible

In a terminal window, I can use File > Open Tab to get two tabs in the same window.
Then, if I move the terminal up to the top of the OS, those two tabs become two separated windows.

How can I merge those two windows back to one (like I had before)?