uname -a gives Linux mglinux 6.17.0-40-generic #40-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri Jun 19 16:42:13 UTC 2026 x86_64 GNU/Linux

I changed from LTS to normal for upgrades. This has not been smooth with a number of attempts, alternating through these commands:

1. sudo apt do-release-upgrade
2. sudo apt --fix-broken install
3. sudo dpkg --configure -a

The upgrade stalls because of a dependency on php8.4-common(= 8.4.11-1ubuntu1.2) which cannot be installed.

Is there a way to proceed?

Here is the command line response for sudo apt --fix-broken install

Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
Correcting dependencies... Done
Solving dependencies...
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  apg
  catch2
  chrome-gnome-shell
  cpdb-backend-cups
  dmsetup
  dracut-core
  eog
  gcc-14-base
  gcc-14-base:i386
  gcc-15-base:i386
  gir1.2-freedesktop-dev
  gir1.2-girepository-2.0
  gir1.2-glib-2.0-dev
  gir1.2-gtop-2.0
  gir1.2-javascriptcoregtk-6.0
  gir1.2-webkit-6.0
  girepository-tools
  gkbd-capplet
  gnome-shell-extension-auto-move-windows
  gnome-shell-extension-drive-menu
  gnome-shell-extension-light-style
  gnome-shell-extension-native-window-placement
  gnome-shell-extension-screenshot-window-sizer
  gnome-shell-extension-system-monitor
  gnome-shell-extension-user-theme
  gnome-shell-extension-windows-navigator
  gnome-shell-extension-workspace-indicator
  gnome-shell-extensions
  gnupg-l10n
  grilo-plugins-0.3-base
  icu-devtools
  kded5
  kerneloops
  kglobalacceld
  kio
  kwayland-integration
  kwayland5-data
  libabsl20220623t64
  libabsl20240722
  libapt-pkg6.0t64
  libassuan0
  libatkmm-1.6-1v5
  libatm1t64
  libavcodec60
  libavcodec60:i386
  libavfilter9
  libavformat60
  libavutil58
  libavutil58:i386
  libblkid-dev
  libboost-atomic1.83.0
  libboost-chrono1.83.0t64
  libboost-date-time1.83.0
  libboost-date-time1.88.0
  libboost-filesystem1.83.0
  libboost-iostreams1.83.0
  libboost-iostreams1.88.0
  libboost-locale1.83.0
  libboost-locale1.88.0
  libboost-program-options1.83.0
  libboost-regex1.83.0
  libboost-regex1.88.0
  libboost-serialization1.83.0
  libboost-system1.83.0
  libboost-system1.88.0
  libboost-test1.83.0
  libboost-test1.88.0
  libboost-thread1.83.0
  libcairomm-1.0-1v5
  libcamera0.2
  libcanberra-gtk3-0t64
  libcap-dev
  libcapnp-1.0.1
  libcatch2-dev
  libclang-cpp17t64
  libclang-cpp18
  libclang-cpp19
  libclang1-18
  libconfig++9v5
  libcppunit-1.15-0
  libcppunit-dev
  libcrypt-dev
  libdatrie-dev
  libdbusmenu-qt5-2
  libdisplay-info2
  libdmrconf0.10
  libdw1t64:i386
  libeigen3-dev
  libffi-dev
  libflac12t64
  libflac12t64:i386
  libfmt-dev
  libfmt9
  libfribidi-dev
  libfuse3-3
  libfwupd2
  libgdata-common
  libgdata22
  libgio-2.0-dev-bin
  libglfw3
  libglib2.0-dev-bin
  libglibmm-2.4-1t64
  libgmp-dev
  libgmpxx4ldbl
  libgnome-rr-4-2t64
  libgnomekbd-common
  libgnomekbd8
  libgnuradio-analog3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-audio3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-blocks3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-channels3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-digital3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-fft3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-filter3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-fosphor3.9.0
  libgnuradio-iio3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-network3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-pdu3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-pmt3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-qtgui3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-runtime3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-soapy3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-trellis3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-uhd3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-video-sdl3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-vocoder3.10.9t64
  libgnuradio-zeromq3.10.9t64
  libgpgmepp6t64
  libgphoto2-l10n
  libgraphite2-dev
  libgsm1-dev
  libgspell-1-2
  libgtkmm-3.0-1t64
  libharfbuzz-cairo0
  libhfstospell11
  libhidapi-hidraw0
  libicu-dev
  libicu74
  libicu74:i386
  libindi-data
  libindiclient1
  libjs-jquery-ui
  libjs-underscore
  libjsoncpp25
  libjxl0.7
  libkf5archive-data
  libkf5archive5
  libkf5auth-data
  libkf5authcore5
  libkf5codecs-data
  libkf5codecs5
  libkf5completion-data
  libkf5completion5
  libkf5config-bin
  libkf5config-data
  libkf5configcore5
  libkf5configgui5
  libkf5configwidgets-data
  libkf5configwidgets5
  libkf5coreaddons-data
  libkf5coreaddons5
  libkf5crash5
  libkf5dbusaddons-bin
  libkf5dbusaddons-data
  libkf5dbusaddons5
  libkf5doctools5
  libkf5globalaccel-bin
  libkf5globalaccel-data
  libkf5globalaccel5
  libkf5globalaccelprivate5
  libkf5guiaddons-bin
  libkf5guiaddons-data
  libkf5guiaddons5
  libkf5i18n-data
  libkf5i18n5
  libkf5iconthemes-bin
  libkf5iconthemes-data
  libkf5iconthemes5
  libkf5itemviews-data
  libkf5itemviews5
  libkf5jobwidgets-data
  libkf5jobwidgets5
  libkf5kiocore5
  libkf5kiogui5
  libkf5kiontlm5
  libkf5kiowidgets5
  libkf5notifications-data
  libkf5notifications5
  libkf5service-bin
  libkf5service-data
  libkf5service5
  libkf5solid5
  libkf5solid5-data
  libkf5sonnet5-data
  libkf5sonnetcore5
  libkf5sonnetui5
  libkf5textwidgets-data
  libkf5textwidgets5
  libkf5wallet-bin
  libkf5wallet-data
  libkf5wallet5
  libkf5waylandclient5
  libkf5widgetsaddons-data
  libkf5widgetsaddons5
  libkf5windowsystem-data
  libkf5windowsystem5
  libkf5xmlgui-bin
  libkf5xmlgui-data
  libkf5xmlgui5
  libkf6config-bin
  libkf6dbusaddons-bin
  libkf6guiaddons-bin
  libkf6iconthemes-bin
  libkglobalacceld0
  libkwalletbackend5-5
  liblastlog2-2
  liblbfgsb0
  libllvm17t64
  libllvm18
  libllvm19
  libmanette-0.2-0
  libmbedcrypto7t64
  libmbedtls14t64
  libmbedx509-1t64
  libmikmod3
  libminiupnpc17
  libmjpegutils-2.1-0t64
  libmozjs-115-0t64
  libmpeg2encpp-2.1-0t64
  libmplex2-2.1-0t64
  libmsgraph-0-1
  libnova-0.16-0t64
  liborcus-0.18-0
  liborcus-0.20-0
  liborcus-parser-0.18-0
  liborcus-parser-0.20-0
  libpangomm-1.4-1v5
  libpaper1
  libpcre2-dev
  libpcre2-posix3
  libperl5.38t64
  libpipewire-0.3-modules-xrdp
  libpixman-1-dev
  libpkgconf3
  libplacebo338
  libpolkit-qt5-1-1
  libpoppler-cpp0t64
  libpoppler-cpp2
  libpoppler134
  libpoppler147
  libpostproc57
  libproxy1-plugin-webkit
  libpthread-stubs0-dev
  libpython3.12-dev
  libpython3.13-dev
  libqca-qt5-2
  libqca-qt5-2-plugins
  libqpdf29t64
  libqt5texttospeech5
  libqt5x11extras5
  librav1e0
  librhash0
  libroc0.3
  librtaudio6
  libruby3.2
  libsasl2-modules:i386
  libsepol-dev
  libsframe1
  libsgutils2-1.46-2
  libsigc++-2.0-0v5
  libsigsegv2
  libsoup-2.4-1
  libsoup2.4-common
  libspdlog-dev
  libspdlog1.12
  libssh-gcrypt-4
  libsvtav1enc1d1
  libsvtav1enc1d1:i386
  libswresample4
  libswresample4:i386
  libswscale7
  libsysmetrics1
  libsysprof-capture-4-dev
  libtag1v5
  libtag1v5:i386
  libtag1v5-vanilla
  libtag1v5-vanilla:i386
  libtagc0
  libthai-dev
  libtheora0
  libtheora0:i386
  libthrift-0.19.0t64
  libthrift-dev
  libu2f-udev
  libuhd4.6.0t64
  libunibreak5
  libunwind8:i386
  libusbmuxd6
  libvoikko1
  libvolk3.1t64
  libwebrtc-audio-processing1
  libwireplumber-0.4-0
  libx265-199
  libx265-199:i386
  libxatracker2
  libxcb-record0
  libxml++2.6-2v5
  libxml2
  libxml2:i386
  linux-headers-6.8.0-88
  linux-headers-6.8.0-88-generic
  linux-image-6.8.0-88-generic
  linux-modules-6.8.0-88-generic
  linux-modules-extra-6.8.0-88-generic
  linux-tools-6.8.0-88
  linux-tools-6.8.0-88-generic
  lp-solve
  native-architecture
  network-manager-applet
  network-manager-gnome
  networkd-dispatcher
  pango1.0-tools
  perl-modules-5.38
  pipewire-module-xrdp
  pybind11-dev
  python-biopython-doc
  python3-appdirs
  python3-click-plugins
  python3-contextlib2
  python3-gpg
  python3-importlib-metadata
  python3-markdown
  python3-py
  python3-pyrsistent
  python3-pytz
  python3-six
  python3-tz
  python3.12
  python3.12-dev
  python3.12-minimal
  python3.12-venv
  python3.13
  python3.13-dev
  python3.13-gdbm
  python3.13-minimal
  python3.13-tk
  python3.13-venv
  qtspeech5-speechd-plugin
  ruby3.2
  samba-dsdb-modules
  sonnet-plugins
  systemd-dev
  tracker
  tracker-extract
  tracker-miner-fs
  ubuntu-mono
  ubuntu-wallpapers-questing
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.

Upgrading:
  php-intl  php-sqlite3

Installing dependencies:
  php8.5-intl  php8.5-sqlite3

REMOVING:
  php8.4-intl  php8.4-opcache  php8.4-readline  php8.4-sqlite3

Summary:
  Upgrading: 2, Installing: 2, Removing: 4, Not Upgrading: 1030
  562 not fully installed or removed.
  Download size: 0 B / 218 kB
  Freed space: 1,292 kB

Continue? [Y/n] Setting up udev (259.5-0ubuntu3)…
Creating group 'clock' with GID 993.
Failed to add existing group "audio" to temporary group file: Invalid argument
dpkg: error processing package udev (--configure):
 old udev package postinst maintainer script subprocess failed with exit status 1
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of snapd:
 snapd depends on udev; however:
  Package udev is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package snapd (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
 udev
 snapd
                

I ran the sudo nano /etc/default/grub to get the grub menu, with the following text:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=15
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`( . /etc/os-release && echo ${NAME} )`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false

This is the complete screen for the operation

hikmat-faraj@hikmat-faraj-Studio-1555:~$ sudo nano /etc/default/grub
[sudo: authenticate] Password:            
hikmat-faraj@hikmat-faraj-Studio-1555:~$ sudo update-grub
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/kdump-tools.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-7.0.0-27-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-7.0.0-27-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-7.0.0-14-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-7.0.0-14-generic
Found memtest86+ 64bit EFI image: /boot/mt86+x64
Found memtest86+ 32bit EFI image: /boot/mt86+ia32
Found memtest86+ 64bit image: /boot/mt86+x64
Found memtest86+ 32bit image: /boot/mt86+ia32
Warning: os-prober will be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Its output will be used to detect bootable binaries on them and create new boot entries.
Found Windows 10 on /dev/sda1
Found Windows 10 on /dev/sda2
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
done
hikmat-faraj@hikmat-faraj-Studio-1555:~$ 

I was able to bring up the grub menu when I restarted the PC. But only once. Grub wouldn't appear after that. Is there anything else to add or modify?

Thanks in advance for your help.

Is it at all possible in a bash script to execute a command, and shortly after that command begins(1 or 2 seconds), a second command is begun and is executed while the 1st command is still running? Again, I am not talking about the 2nd command beginning after the 1st command is finished, but while the 1st command is still running. Is that at all possible. Here's the bash script that I have currently. The problem I have is that I cannot get the second command to begin while the 1st command is still in operation. It tries to run after the 1st command is all finished.

#/bin/bash
cd /home/owner/Downloads/misfitmame/MIS128B && wine-stable mis.exe -window galagaef
xseticon -name "MisfitMAME: Galaga (Enduring Freedom) [galagaef]" /home/owner/Pictures/misfits.skull.png

Why can't I upgrade to the latest ubuntu through the software updater?

I tried to upgrade using the software-updater but it does not show any new releases.

I have an ASUS Vivabook with only 512 of storage and it has just run out, I would like to move Win11 to a 2TB NVMe SSD, test it and then partition and install a Linux partition optimized for Steam. I have tools I know how to use but I want the safest procedure to clone win11 to a new storage ram. I no longer trust my windows to do this. I also have a Dell Latitude 5400 that I do trust, to clone to UGREEN CADDY WITH ssd'S INSTALLED

Ubuntu 26.10, developer version, suddenly does not show, or populate, the file manager/file chooser when trying to save a page in Firefox, or Chrome. It has subsequently also broken uploading files to sites, using the "Upload" button does nothing.

Before you suggest I run the command "sudo apt install xdg-desktop-portal xdg-desktop-portal-gtk", I already did, it did not resolve the issue.

I use Freecad since more than 5 years on Ubuntu.

Freecad, channel stable, doesn't start anymore on all my Ubuntu machines installed with Ubuntu 26.04 (kept up-to-date). Channel edge however, does start.

Summary of the error (when started "freecad" in the terminal):

"Failed to create wl_display (No such file or directory) (qt.qpa.plugin) From 6.5.0, xcb-cursor0 or libxcb-cursor0 is needed to load the Qt xcb platform plugin."

Full text of the error massage:

Warning: Schema “org.gnome.system.locale” has path “/system/locale/”.  Paths starting with “/apps/”, “/desktop/” or “/system/” are deprecated.
Warning: Schema “org.gnome.system.proxy” has path “/system/proxy/”.  Paths starting with “/apps/”, “/desktop/” or “/system/” are deprecated.
Warning: Schema “org.gnome.system.proxy.http” has path “/system/proxy/http/”.  Paths starting with “/apps/”, “/desktop/” or “/system/” are deprecated.
Warning: Schema “org.gnome.system.proxy.https” has path “/system/proxy/https/”.  Paths starting with “/apps/”, “/desktop/” or “/system/” are deprecated.
Warning: Schema “org.gnome.system.proxy.ftp” has path “/system/proxy/ftp/”.  Paths starting with “/apps/”, “/desktop/” or “/system/” are deprecated.
Warning: Schema “org.gnome.system.proxy.socks” has path “/system/proxy/socks/”.  Paths starting with “/apps/”, “/desktop/” or “/system/” are deprecated.
FreeCAD 1.1.1, Libs: 1.1.1R44227 +647 (Git)
(C) 2001-2026 FreeCAD contributors
FreeCAD is free and open-source software licensed under the terms of LGPL2+ license.

Adding snap-specific PYTHONPATH to sys.path: /home/harm/snap/freecad/common/.local/lib/python3.12/site-packages:/snap/freecad/2337/lib/python3.12/site-packages:/snap/freecad/2337/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages

Failed to create wl_display (No such file or directory)
(qt.qpa.plugin) From 6.5.0, xcb-cursor0 or libxcb-cursor0 is needed to load the Qt xcb platform plugin.
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.

I’m facing issue booting Ubuntu 26 on arm. I m using a virtual environment. It seems that system is failing executing _STA Method as this method is calling another method with in parameter _UID. This value is the uid of a cpu device. Its value is patched at runtime to get the value which corresponds to the cpu id.

I made multiple tries and it seems the problem is due to the fact to use _UID as parameter. If I hard code the value everything is ok .

The same code was working fine on Ubuntu 24.

Is there any resolution to install the required drivers for Ralink RT3290, as it is not working after Ubuntu 26.04?

04:00.0 Network controller: Ralink corp. RT3290 Wireless 802.11n 1T/1R PCIe  

Results of lsmod|grep cfg; sudo dmesg|grep -i firm:

hp_bioscfg              81920  0
snd_intel_dspcfg        45056  1 snd_hda_intel
snd_intel_sdw_acpi      16384  1 snd_intel_dspcfg
firmware_attributes_class    12288  1 hp_bioscfg
cfg80211              1536000  3 rt2x00lib,mac80211,rtl8xxxu
wmi                     36864  4 hp_wmi,video,hp_bioscfg,wmi_bmof
[sudo: authenticate] Password:
[    0.098677] Spectre V2 : Enabling Restricted Speculation for firmware calls
[    0.189735] ACPI: [Firmware Bug]: BIOS _OSI(Linux) query ignored
[    3.471982] wmi_bus wmi_bus-PNP0C14:00: [Firmware Info]: 8F1F6436-9F42-42C8-BADC-0E9424F20C9A has zero instances
[    6.355159] systemd[1]: systemd-hibernate-clear.service - Clear Stale Hibernate Storage Info skipped, unmet condition check ConditionPathExists=/sys/firmware
/efi/efivars/HibernateLocation-8cf2644b-4b0b-428f-9387-6d876050dc67
[    9.277078] ACPI: video: [Firmware Bug]: ACPI(DGFX) defines _DOD but not _DOS
[    9.610418] usb 1-4: rtl8xxxu: Loading firmware rtlwifi/rtl8188eufw.bin
[    9.611369] usb 1-4: Firmware revision 28.0 (signature 0x88e1)
[   13.706004] ieee80211 phy1: rt2x00lib_request_firmware: Info - Loading firmware file 'rt3290.bin'
[   13.707669] ieee80211 phy1: rt2x00lib_request_firmware: Info - Firmware detected - version: 0.37
[   27.134117] audit: type=1400 audit(1784030634.691:302): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" class="file" profile="snap-update-ns.firmware-updater" name="/run/
gdm3/home/gdm-greeter/" pid=3402 comm="snap-update-ns" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=60578 ouid=60578
[   27.517834] audit: type=1400 audit(1784030635.074:304): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" class="file" profile="snap-update-ns.firmware-updater" name="/run/
gdm3/home/gdm-greeter/" pid=3436 comm="snap-update-ns" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=60578 ouid=60578
[   28.025787] audit: type=1400 audit(1784030635.582:306): apparmor="DENIED" operation="open" class="file" profile="snap-update-ns.firmware-updater" name="/run/
gdm3/home/gdm-greeter/" pid=3470 comm="snap-update-ns" requested_mask="r" denied_mask="r" fsuid=60578 ouid=60578

I have downloaded a folder with cursor graphics. It is in Downloads. How do I move it to the relevant location?

I have a dual boot Ubuntu box with 26 (Resolute Raccon) on one side of a 4 Terabyte disk and Ubuntu 24 on the other side. I wanted to go ahead and upgrade Ubuntu 24 to 26, so I performed all the prep work updating the packages, cleaning up removes, etc. Then followed steps to download and install the upgrade through the terminal and package manager. When I made it to the last few steps, I was given the following message: "There is no development version of an LTS available." Though I have 26.04 running on the other side of the dual boot. I checked and rechecked everything but no-go. I was wondering if anyone else had run into this and found out what was wrong? Thanks so much in advance.

-George P.

I inherited a .NET 4 VB project to port to .NET Core 10. It uses System.Windows.Forms, so it needs Mono not .NET Core. I plan on switching the GUI to a CLI while verifying every hour the business logic remains identical.

VB.NET programming in Ubuntu suggests sudo apt-get install monodevelop mono-vbnc. But mono-vbnc is missing after Ubuntu 22.04, and the less-necessary MonoDevelop was last seen on 16.04. I would like to be able to try running the vbnc command.

I have Ubuntu's system-wide .NET 10 set up in JetBrains Rider. I want to avoid a Ubuntu 22.04 container, which has overhead, will be EOL in a year, and hiders graphical IDEs or even graphical editors e.g. Kate. Ideally, I want to set breakpoints and evaluate debugger expressions, but I'd appreciate running the legacy project in any form.

In Ubuntu 24.04, I have made several attempts to install and open the Bitwarden app from the App Center. I may have also previously installed it as an Appimage or .deb. Before trying a clean install from .deb, to avoid any conflict or confusion, I want to remove any existing Bitwarden installs from the computer. Exactly how should I do this?

I boot Ubuntu Recovery Mode through BIOS and the system attempts recovery, but stops and at the bottom of the page where it says:

Failed to execute - /sbin/init 
Failed to execute - fallback shell 
Bad shim lock signature

How to I fix this? Boot Ubuntu 26.04 from a USB via "Try Ubuntu without installation"?

Since I upgraded my desktop is blank with no icons. I cannot do anything on my desktop at all

The results of the command dig checkip.amazonaws.com +answer +expandaaaa +noall vary with time. My best understanding is that the list of 8 presented is a partial list. (see screenshot).

Is there a parameter that results in a complete list? Thanks in advance for any insight you can provide.

How do I return desktop; (with icons). I cannot do anything on my desktop

I have the ThinkPad X1 Carbon Gen 9 model with a 4k display and Dolby Atmos speakers. I recently installed Ubuntu 26.04. The front speakers don't make any sound at all, and sound only comes from the rear speakers. If I mute the bass from Alsamixer I can hear a high pitched and silent sound of the media I am playing only from the front speakers. I have tried Fedora Workstation 44, and the same problem happens there too.

I tried:

• Updating drivers
• Unmuting the front speakers from Alsamixer, but there wasn't any option for it
• Tried EasyEffects with presets

I'm new to Linux. I'm running Ubuntu 24.04.4 on a desktop computer. When updates happen I keep getting an error message that the update failed.

I have run sudo apt-get install -f and sudo apt autoremove. I get the following error message from both:

Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
/usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig: 1: /etc/default/grub: Syntax error: ")" unexpected
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub exited with return code 2
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.17.0-19-generic (--remove):
 installed linux-image-6.17.0-19-generic package post-removal script subprocess returned error exit status 2
dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
  linux-image-6.17.0-19-generic
Processing was halted because there were too many errors.
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I have looked at the grub file in /etc/default/grub and it shows:

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`( . /etc/os-release; echo ${NAME:-Ubuntu} ) 2>/dev/null || echo Ubuntu`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

It seems the issue is in the GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= line, but according to what I've found on the internet the line looks OK from a syntax standpoint.

I have an AMD Radeon HD 4850 card.

$ sudo lshw -c video
[sudo] password for archisman:         
  *-display                 
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: RV770/M98L [Mobility Radeon HD 4850]
       vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       logical name: /dev/fb0
       version: 00
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list fb
       configuration: depth=32 latency=0 resolution=2560,1440
       resources: memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0620000-d062ffff ioport:2000(size=256) memory:d0600000-d061ffff

The default installation of Ubuntu 24.04 seems to be using software rendering instead of utilizing graphics card.

$ glxinfo | grep "OpenGL renderer"
OpenGL renderer string: llvmpipe (LLVM 19.1.1, 128 bits)

AMD provides some legacy drivers, which fail to install with the error that it cannot find kernel headers, even though the kernel headers are installed.

$ cat /usr/share/ati/fglrx-install.log
Check if system has the tools required for installation.
fglrx installation requires that the system have kernel headers.  /lib/modules/6.8.0-59-generic/build/include/linux/version.h cannot be found on this system.
One or more tools required for installation cannot be found on the system. Install the required tools before installing the fglrx driver.
Optionally, run the installer with --force option to install without the tools.
Forcing install will disable AMD hardware acceleration and may make your system unstable. Not recommended.

How to use these legacy drivers (or some other drivers) in recent versions of Ubuntu, like 24.04?

Note that this is a iMac 11,1, which shows black screen after boot unless the nomodeset parameter has been set.

I see that Ubuntu server after the installation comes as default with NetPlan with a DHCP configuration (at least in Ubuntu 22.04 focal fossa).

Some users don't want NetPlan and just want NetworkManager, for example to use nmcli, nmtui, or import VPN configurations etc. and so after the installation I think it's frequent to migrate to NetworkManager.

At the moment this is my procedure to migrate from NetPlan to NetworkManager after a clean installation.

Create this file:

/etc/netplan/01-er-netplan-fix.yaml

With this content:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# For more information, see netplan(5).
# Set and change netplan renderer to NetworkManager GUI tool
network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager

Then run these commands:

# install Network Manager
sudo apt install network-manager

# disable NetPlan
mv /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml.bak

# reload NetPlan
netplan apply

# I'm not proud of this but I reboot to apply everything now
reboot

Problem: when I reboot, the server obviously disconnects, but also it never renews its IP via DHCP.

As workaround, I open a physical terminal on the server, I run dhclient, and then I continue with nmtui adding a simple Ethernet configuration with DHCP, and everything is good again.

So my question is: how to migrate from NetPlan to NetworkManager? Possibly automatically renewing its IP? Possibly without any disconnection at all? so your SSH connection is not interrupted.

Feel free to suggest as answer to prefill at least a valid NetworkManager configuration for a valid DHCP after the reboot but I still don't understand if I can also avoid the reboot at all and keep a working SSH connection to do the whole migration process.

Thank you for your thoughts! Maybe this question is stupid but I don't know NetPlan, since I usually use Debian and I don't have these problems.

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release:    22.04
Codename:   jammy

I have a swap partition and I would like to try lz4 and z3fold on the zswap

nano /etc/default/grub

GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT_STYLE=hidden
GRUB_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="vga=normal nomodeset iommu=pt"

GRUB_DEVICE=UUID=2da46135-a1a2-4833-ba81-d9802358ddbd

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash cgroup_enable=memory swapaccount=1 zswap.enabled=1 zswap.compressor=lz4 zswap.max_pool_percent=20 zswap.zpool=z3fold "

I understand that zswap is enabled already on 22.04 but I put the zswap.enabled in there just in case.

nano /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

lz4
lz4_compress
z3fold

update-grub
update-initramfs -u -k all
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.15.0-47-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-125-generic

After reboot I see

dmesg | grep -i zswap

[   36.460295] zswap: loaded using pool lzo/zbud

grep -R . /sys/module/zswap/parameters

/sys/module/zswap/parameters/same_filled_pages_enabled:Y
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/enabled:N
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/max_pool_percent:20
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/compressor:lzo
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/zpool:zbud
/sys/module/zswap/parameters/accept_threshold_percent:90

lsmod

z3fold                 32768  0
lz4                    16384  0
lz4_compress           36864  1 lz4
... etc

Why don't the modules/parameters get enabled?

I am running Ubuntu 20.04 and, when I open the "applications" application (the checkerboard looking thing in the sidebar) some of the applications have duplicate icons, and, in the case of the Audacity sound editor, clicking on each one brings up an Audacity that behaves differently. I also have a "software updater" along with a "software and updates" plus a "Ubuntu Software" and; wait, there's more...a "snap store" Are these different "repositories?" and, when a box pops open saying "Updated software is available for this computer" with install now (or later) is that the way I should be updating; because I can also go to the "software and updates" and it will tell me the sources are out of date, I need an internet connection, and then will go to "refreshing cache" before hanging up, so I have to pull the battery out of the laptop then reboot (because I can't even bring up a terminal to run pgrep and kill) I prefer to use command lines in a terminal because I'm trying to learn unix and eventually the kernel etc. Can I run apt-get update; then upgrade and skip all the graphical package managers, which is what I believe the snap store and Ubuntu software is? I think I have 3 copies of Audacity and they overwrite each other; or they have their config files in different places and I have lost music that I've spent hours on by forgetting which icon opened the program if I have to restart... I just want a simple way to update, even if I have to do it manually every other day... livepatch is on, too, confusing me more...thanks for reading this far and for any help; trying to attach a screenshot...

I recently switched from gnome to i3 and was wondering how to change my color theme. I want to set a custom bg and text color as well as font. I have the yaru-dark theme using an app called "Customize look and feel", although I was able to change it to the same theme using another app called "GTK Ch-theme".

The issue is that I can't change it to custom colors. I want to change the grey color to black. When I try to do this using the "Customize look and feel" app, there is an option to do this. However, the option is disabled and I need to install lxsessions and change my current window manager for that, which I don’t want to. How can I set a custom theme without switching to LXDE?

What is the best practices to leave this kind of file? I dont want to leave it on /Downloads folder

Will it be logical by means of Debian oriented logic to unite the three commands apt-get clean and apt-get autoclean, and apt-get autoremove into one single command that does all of them?

Is there any macro recorders for ubuntu? I want a program that i could assign a key to do a recorded mouse movement and keyboard typing. Thanks

I'm new to GNU/Linux, running xubuntu 15.10 with a GTX 570 graphics card, and am trying to prevent screen tearing in scrolling web pages, videos, and steam games. I get no screen tearing with the PPA version of the nvidia 355.11 drivers, but it requires me to enter the following in the terminal after every boot and during a steam game.

 nvidia-settings --assign CurrentMetaMode="nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }"

It seems in order to make the change permanent, I need to add a line to the xorg.conf file (which seems to be deprecated) or the 20-nvidia.conf file in /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ but neither files exist. In my /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/ directory there are only the following files:

10-evdev.conf         11-evdev-trackpoint.conf  50-wacom.conf
10-quirks.conf        50-synaptics.conf         51-synaptics-quirks.conf
11-evdev-quirks.conf  50-vmmouse.conf           glamoregl.conf

and none of them have a screen section, or serverlayout section. I've tried several workarounds but they either don't fix the tearing or cause lightdm to not start at all. I've made a xorg.conf file with sudo X :1 -configure and placed it in the /etc/X11/ directory then added in the following:

Section "Screen"
Option  "metamodes" "nvidia-auto-select +0+0 { ForceFullCompositionPipeline = On }"
EndSection

and tried a shell script in /etc/profile.d/ to run the first terminal command I mentioned earlier. It either doesn't stop the tearing and I have to change the nvidia setting in the terminal to fix it like usual, or lightdm just doesn't display anything and I have to recover through grub loader. If I save the configuration settings in nvidia x server settings it creates a file .nvidia-settings-rc but nowhere in the file can I see it mentioning the current metamode.

Some of this information used to get me where I am seems outdated, but I can't find 20-nvidia.conf or some kind of equivalent on my drive.

Giovanni Toraldo's answer will fix my screen tearing but the permanent solution isn't applicable.

• xorg.conf manual
• PPA drivers

I've wrote this command line: "if [ "$DESKTOP_SESSION" == "gnome-shell" ]; then (unity-2d-shell) ; fi". If I type it into a terminal then the 2D unity launcher would start and would work like a charm on top of the gnome-shell, however, if I add the line to the startup applications, it would have no effect. Is there something wrong with the command line? Or is it just impossible to run the launcher on startup?

Otherwise, is there any alternative command line utility that can achieve this?