I have installed Ubuntu in free space on the disk. With manual partitioning I created 3 partitions - one with ext4 filesystem named /, a swap partition and the third with ext4 named /home. The installation finished properly. After rebooting I can't see Ubuntu in boot manager, even after I disabled Secure Boot and tried to boot manually. I also tried to fix grub bootloader. The results of efibootmgr show Ubuntu and Windows. How can I fix this issue?

I run a file-based backup of my machine as follows:

1. Boot into a Live Ubuntu USB
2. Mount my system partition (a Logical Volume under LVM) - Call this 'Original'
3. Create a fresh 'Backup' LVM and mount that too - Call this 'Backup01'
4. RSync from Original to Backup01

That works fine, and I can later boot from my internal drive and send the backup to external storage at my leisure.

To verify the backup, I usually do the following (while booted from the Live USB):

5. SHA512Sum the entire 'Original' and 'Backup01' LVs. This produces two files (Original.SHA512Sum and Backup01.SHA512Sum)

6. I then sort both files by path and filename, and then 'Diff' the two sorted files. This produces no output, and thus I (think) I know I have a faithful copy of Original stored in Backup01.

For the avoidance of doubt, both of these commands show the same output:

ls -la /PathTo/Original/
ls -la /PathTo/Backup01/

However, for no obvious reason, today I ran this alternative diff:

diff -rq /PathTo/Original/ /PathTo/Backup01/

However, that command output a load of differences, which is both confusing and concerning.

Questions:

1. Is my backup method / process robust at all?

2. Should I expect that the diff on the two directory trees would output no differences, or am I misunderstanding what diff does when you pass it two directories?

Thanks,

Alan.

I have a Thinkpad laptop with AMD Ryzen 5 Pro 3500U CPU. There is no dirt on fan and heatsink channel, renewed the thermal paste (it was a noname paste, probably crap). Room temperature is around 22 C. While doing light works on Ubuntu, like watching Youtube videos on 360p or 480p and browsing web, CPU temperature keeps hitting 82-85 C randomly and cools down quickly. It hits maximum 77 C while doing a memtest86+ and stress-ng test for 150 secs maximum temperature is 78 C. Do you think this is normal?

I am trying to install ubuntu touch on my Volla 22. Device recognized by installer but stuck in creating slot when the phone is at bootloader. Any help please?

While it is easy (and obvious how) to move a window between workspaces - there are default shortcuts for that (and also commands like qbus org.kde.kglobalaccel /component/kwin invokeShortcut 'Window to Next Desktop') -, doing the same between activities is not so obvious.

Even switching between activities with a click (a launcher) is not that obvious, although we have a default shortcut at hand ('Walk through activities').

In order to switch between 2 activities with a click (a panel launcher/widget), I have this script:

#!/bin/bash

A1="95fa1282-2220-4165-9297-a3b3e6d54211"
A2="5b590b8a-a8ea-4756-8bd3-358cc874270f"

CURRENT=$(qdbus org.kde.ActivityManager /ActivityManager/Activities CurrentActivity)

if [ "$CURRENT" = "$A1" ]; then
    qdbus org.kde.ActivityManager /ActivityManager/Activities SetCurrentActivity "$A2"
else
    qdbus org.kde.ActivityManager /ActivityManager/Activities SetCurrentActivity "$A1"
fi

We need to find and replace the IDs for each activity. To list those: kactivities-cli --list-activities. The script can be used with a launcher (which can be added to the panel) and acts as a toggle. (We have a shortcut for this already, the script is for a launcher: but it should work as a shortcut too, in both X11 and Wayland.)

I am posting as an answer a script that would move in the same way the focused window to a second activity. For the moment that is a X11-only solution. I hope to post soon one for Wayland.

I recently installed Ubuntu on my old Samsung laptop. The laptop is connected to the internet OK via WiFi, and the laptop was perfectly fine with browsing the web before I installed Ubuntu. After installing Ubuntu I cannot access the internet at all using the laptop with no connection either through Firefox or through the built-in App Center.

In any operating system I know, I can select text in the following way:

1. set the cursor at the beginning of that text by a left-click
2. set the cursor at the end of that text by a left-click while pressing the shift key

This does not work on my Ubuntu 25.10 machine (the cursor is repositioned, but the text is not selected). And as far as I'm aware of I have not set any special configuration for my keyboard or my mouse.

Is this the standard behaviour of Ubuntu? What can I do to change it?

Edit: This behaviour is not application specific – it is the same with Firefox, LibreOffice, VSCode, the default Ubuntu text editor and other applications.

How do I disable the mode change that happens after kernel boot finishes under Ubuntu 24.04? I've tried using either the nomodeset or vga=xxx parameters on the kernel command line and these change the resolution that is used for the kernel messages, but almost immediately after systemd takes over the system attempts to switch (I think) to the highest resolution advertised as supported by my monitor. Unfortunately, that resolution is 4096x2160, which doesn't work correctly (I think it requires a refresh rate higher than my DVI to HDMI adapter supports), so I end up with a black screen. How do I prevent that switch without needing to be able to log in to fix it?

The graphics card is a low-end Nvidia (potentially a GT710, but as I am unable to log in and it isn't identified on the card itself anywhere I can see, so I'm not entirely sure), and I think the driver is nouveau. I don't use this machine for graphical work, so I don't believe I would have installed the Nvidia driver.

I have a Raspberry Pi 4 8GB. I have installed Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and keep it updated. The current version is 24.04.3. The boot volume is an external USB 3.2 512GB SSD. This system is being set up as an email and web server. The final piece of the puzzle is a backup drive. I need the filesystem to honor permissions. This is for a backup drive on an email server.

I have tried different brands of SSD 512GB drives with different cases, different USB cables and different ports on the Pi.

Every time that the second drive is attached the Pi will crash. SSH disconnects and you can't get back in without unplugging the Pi and removing the SSD and just starting with the single drive. Note that the file system on the boot drive is ext4.

I have narrowed this down to the file system on the second drive. If it is ext4 Ubuntu will crash. For example, if you connect the drive with another file system (exFAT or APFS) you can plug it in without an issue and you can see the drive with lsblk. If you format the drive and set the partition to ext4, it will gladly go through the process, but about two seconds after it finishes Ubuntu will crash. The file system hasn't even been mounted yet.

My question is which file system do you recommend? EXT3? Something else? Is this a known issue?

I recently purchased a Lenovo Thinkpad E14 gen 7 Intel (255H) model 21SX005CMX preinstalled with Windows on it. I did a firmware update for the BIOS version to the latest version included on the website at the moment (BIOS R30ET35W(1.09)). After that I removed the Windows installation and replaced it with Ubuntu 24.04.3 from a USB stick. V The Ubuntu installation went fine until browsing and doing configuration. After a few hours the computer freezes. I troubleshot the problem and discovered that the ACPI EC (Embedded Controller) throws an error on boot in the journalctl logs. Then I realized the fans were not working.

I've tried to change the acpi_osi kernel parameter to Windows 2022, which didn't help. Is there any advice I could look into? The fans work fine in BIOS setup utility, so there's no problem with the fans themselves, just the ACPI embedded controller. I'll put in the logs below with the relevant parts I've found:

Linux version 6.14.0-32-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-047) (x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-13 (Ubuntu 13.3.0> Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.14.0-32-generic root=UUID=60a6c825-aaff-496c-a3fd-7f0d0>
kernel: ACPI: Added _OSI(Module Device)
kernel: ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Device)
kernel: ACPI: Added _OSI(Processor Aggregator Device)
kernel: ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Failure creating named object [\_GPE.AL6F], AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20240827/d>
kernel: ACPI Error: AE_ALREADY_EXISTS, During name lookup/catalog (20240827/psobject-220)
kernel: ACPI: Skipping parse of AML opcode: Method (0x0014)
kernel: ACPI BIOS Error (bug): Failure creating named object [\_GPE._L21], AE_ALREADY_EXISTS (20240827/d>
kernel: ACPI Error: AE_ALREADY_EXISTS, During name lookup/catalog (20240827/psobject-220)

kernel: ACPI Error: Unknown class in reference(00000000daf75d46) - 0x00 (20240827/exoparg1-1051)
kernel: 
kernel: 
                                                        Initialized Local Variables for Method [ECRD]:
kernel:   Local0: 00000000d1314e91 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000000
kernel: 
kernel: Initialized Arguments for Method [ECRD]:  (1 arguments defined for method invocation)
kernel:   Arg0:   00000000daf75d46 <Obj>           Integer 00000000000000EF
kernel: 
kernel: ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PC00.LPCB.EC.ECRD due to previous error (AE_TYPE) (20240827/psp>
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: acpi_evalf((null), dd, ...) failed: AE_TYPE
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: Thinkpad ACPI EC unable to access EC version
kernel: ACPI Error: Unknown class in reference(00000000d1314e91) - 0x00 (20240827/exoparg1-1051)
kernel: 
kernel: 
                                                        Initialized Local Variables for Method [ECRD]:
kernel:   Local0: 0000000038c6824c <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000000
kernel: 
kernel: Initialized Arguments for Method [ECRD]:  (1 arguments defined for method invocation)
kernel:   Arg0:   00000000d1314e91 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000078
kernel: 
kernel: ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PC00.LPCB.EC.ECRD due to previous error (AE_TYPE) (20240827/psp>
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: acpi_evalf((null), dd, ...) failed: AE_TYPE
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: ThinkPad ACPI EC access misbehaving, disabling thermal sensors access
kernel: EDAC MC1: Giving out device to module igen6_edac controller Intel_client_SoC MC#1: DEV 0000:00:0>
kernel: EDAC igen6: v2.5.1
mtp-probe[582]: checking bus 3, device 3: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:14.0/usb3/3-7"
kernel: pci 0000:00:14.2: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
kernel: ACPI Error: Unknown class in reference(0000000092c4bcfb) - 0x00 (20240827/exoparg1-1051)
kernel: 
kernel: 
                                                        Initialized Local Variables for Method [ECRD]:
kernel:   Local0: 000000004b6aae06 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000000
kernel: 
kernel: ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PC00.LPCB.EC.ECRD due to previous error (AE_TYPE) (20240827/psp>
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: acpi_evalf((null), dd, ...) failed: AE_TYPE
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: Failed to unmute the HW mute switch
kernel: ACPI Error: Unknown class in reference(0000000092c4bcfb) - 0x00 (20240827/exoparg1-1051)
kernel: 
kernel: 
                                                        Initialized Local Variables for Method [ECRD]:
kernel:   Local0: 000000004b6aae06 <Obj>           Integer 0000000000000000
kernel: 
kernel: Initialized Arguments for Method [ECRD]:  (1 arguments defined for method invocation)
kernel:   Arg0:   0000000092c4bcfb <Obj>           Integer 000000000000002F
kernel: 
kernel: ACPI Error: Aborting method \_SB.PC00.LPCB.EC.ECRD due to previous error (AE_TYPE) (20240827/psp>
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: acpi_evalf((null), dd, ...) failed: AE_TYPE
kernel: thinkpad_acpi: ThinkPad ACPI EC access misbehaving, fan status and control unavailable

I've been getting this popup for the last few days now.

The popup is from an "Unknown App".

Does anyone know what this is from? Not sure what other information I can provide, but the operating system is Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS. Is this malware of some kind?

While upgrading my Ubuntu 22.04 something went wrong on the screen while booting the machine.

I tried to update the packages, but I'm still unable to install all the dependencies.

I have in iMac a1419 with a faulty NVIDIA GTX780 graphics card.

I have built a full Ubuntu operating system on a Samsung 128 GB USB drive. I'm booting into this system by pressing on keyboard "Alt" key and selecting the external USB based drive. Generally speaking everything is working fine, but I need to boot via Advanced options to force the graphics Safe Mode or I get graphical glitches on the screen.

I wonder how can I set Ubuntu 22.04 to permanently switch off/ disable the NVIDIA graphics card, so I can boot system the normal way, not via Safe Mode.

[    0.170805] ACPI Error: Needed type [Reference], found [Integer] (____ptrval____) (20230331/exresop-66)
[    0.170816] ACPI Error: AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE, While resolving operands for [Store] (20230331/dswexec-433)
[    0.170835] ACPI Error: Aborting method \_PR.CPU0._PDC due to previous error (AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE) (20230331/psparse-529)
[    0.249928] apple-properties: device path parse error -19 at 0x14:
[    0.249933] apple-properties: 00000000: 52 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 02 01 0c 00 d
0 41 03 0a  R...........A..
[    0.249936] apple-properties: 00000010: 00 00 00 00 01 01 06 00 00 02 7f ff 0
4 00 2c 00  ..............,.
[    0.249938] apple-properties: 00000020: 00 00 41 00 41 00 50 00 4c 00 2c 00 6
9 00 67 00  ..A.A.P.L.,.i.g.
[    0.249941] apple-properties: 00000030: 2d 00 70 00 6c 00 61 00 74 00 66 00 6
f 00 72 00  -.p.l.a.t.f.o.r.
[    0.249943] apple-properties: 00000040: 6d 00 2d 00 69 00 64 00 00 00 08 00 0
0 00 04 00  m.-.i.d.........
[    0.249945] apple-properties: 00000050: 12 04
                                         ..
/dev/sdc2: clean, 270648/7831552 files, 40076
_

I have run the the below suggested command to purge NVIDIA driver and rebooted the system. Booting the system normal way was stopped halfway with the above information appearing on a black screen. Booting to graphics Safe Mode allows me to load the system, but that means no change to the case.

I'm working with a lubuntu 22.04 distribution. I need to execute the following command by a user without root privileges:

> nmcli c add ifname enp3s0 type ethernet con-name 'connection-test'

The output of the previous command is the following:

Error: Failed to add 'connection-test' connection: Insufficient privileges

I have added the user to the group netdev (used the command sudo adduser <username> netdev) as suggested by this post, but the problem is not solved. The post reports this sentences:

On Debian, the "netdev" group gains access to using Network Manager. On Ubuntu, Network Manager access rights are gained by being at the system console, so the name of this entry in gnome-system-tools is misleading.

The "netdev" group can administer wicd and wpasupplicant.

The "netdev" group can set the avahi host name using DBus.

The "netdev" group can administer Bluetooth devices.

This means that on Ubuntu the name of the group netdev is different?

Is it possible to be able for a not root user to execute the nmcli c add command without sudo?

This other post treats the same topic and suggests to create a service, executed with root privilege, which creates the NetworkManager connection.

I've tried to uninstall Steam on this PC over and over again to no avail. So that doesn't seem to be the problem. And for some reason now my PC cuts off the tops of the letters when I type here even. Things are getting strange in Ubuntu.

I get a message that says I have held broken packages.

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
  libegl1:i386 : Depends: libegl-mesa):i386 but it in not installable
  libgbm1`: Breaks: libgbm1:i386 (!=22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1-22.04.2) but 22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1-22.04.2 is to be installed
  libgbm1:i386 : Breaks libgbm1 (!= 22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1) but22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1-22.04.2 is to be installed
  libgl1-mesa-dri : Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 (!= 22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1-22.04.1) but 22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1-22.04.1 is to be installed
  libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 :Depends libglapi-mesa-dri:i386 (= 22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1) but it isw not installable
       Recommends: libgl1-amber-dri:i386 but it is not installable
       Breaks: libgl1-mesa-dri (!= 22.2.5-0ubuntu.1-22.04.1) but 22.2.5-0ubuntu0.1-22.04.2 is to be installed
  libglx0:i386 :Depends: libglx-mesa:i386 but it is not installable
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

I've decided to start using linux (because... why not?), so I went through all the installation process without any problem, the system ask for rebooting, so I let it does, but when the machine restarted, my screen started turning on and off twice and these boot messages appeared:

/dev/sda5: clean, 209401/29278208 files, 4174894/117081088 blocks
[   12.581934] [drm:drm_atomic_helper_wait_for_flip_done [drm_kms_helper]] *ERRO
R* [CRTC:45:pipe A] flip_done timed out
[   22.821918] [drm:drm_atomic_helper_wait_for_dependencies [drm_kms_helper]] *ERROR* [CRTC:45:pipe A] flip_done timed out
[   23.081937] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] *ERROR* failed to disable transcoder A
[   23.180711] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] *ERROR* uncleared pch fifo underrun on pch transcoder A
[   23.180718] i915 0000:00:02.0: [drm] *ERROR* PCH transcoder A FIFO underrun

Ubuntu doesn't boot, and it stays stuck at a black scree like this forever.

The screen I'm using is plugged in to my PC with an HDMI cable (the only common port between both of them). When I use another screen with VGA, Linux boots up nicely.

I've read that maybe the recent kernel could be the cause of the issue, but I also tried installing Ubuntu 18.04, and the error still appears.

I've also tried modifying the kernel's default grub command (in /etc/default/grub) by adding video=SVIDEO-1:d to the "DEFAULT" line.

My machine is a dell OptiPlex 390 with an i3 and no additional graphic card.
And the result of inxi -G is:

Graphics:
  Device-1: Intel 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics
  driver: i915 v: kernel
  Display: x11 server: X.Org 1.20.11 driver: modesetting
  unloaded: fbdev,vesa resolution: 1680x1050~60Hz
  OpenGL: renderer: Mesa DRI Intel HD Graphics 2000 (SNB GT1)
  v: 3.3 Mesa 21.0.3

My laptop is an ASUS FX505DY. I bought it without any OS and installed Ubuntu 19.10, then upgraded it to 20.04 a few months later (no dual boot).

From time to time, the system doesn't boot normally and goes into "emergency mode" (it's actually the 3rd time after about 1 year of use). Each time the cause is fsck failing to check /home partition. journalctl gives me:

oct. 30 12:19:44 poulpito systemd-fsck[624]: fsck failed with exit status 4.
oct. 30 12:19:44 poulpito systemd[1]: Failed to start File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/91e9d404-4089-4b8d-af58-5aebcd76b5a0.

I can easily fix it with: fsck.ext4 -v /dev/sda4. I hit enter to every questions and then I can reboot and enjoy an OS running normally. But I feel uneasy with the problem recurring and I would like to fix it permanently.

So my questions are:

1. Why file system get corrupted on this partition? Could it be a hardware problem? Do I need to change some parameters or configuration or switch to ext3? I've run smartctl -t short /dev/sda4 in recovery mode and no error were reported.

2. /home is on a sata HDD where I also have /var, /tmp and swap partitions. I never get any fsck check problem for these. Perhaps because the boot sequence just doesn't check these partitions? Or corruptions really happen just on /home?

3. The last time I had to run fsck.ext4, I got these questions:

• pass 1: inode <inode id> seems to contain garbage and inode <inode id> passes checks, but checksum does not match inode, actually 16 messages of these kinds with contiguous inode numbers

• pass 2: entry '<filename>' in <path> (<inode id>) has deleted/unused inode <inode id> (inode numbers suggest that it is a mere consequence of inodes cleared during pass 1

• pass 4: inode <inode id> ref count is <count>, should be <count> (again, seems to be just a consequence of pass 2)

• pass 5: inode and block bitmap differences, free inodes/free blocks/directories count wrong

  Does this mean that I lose some data? Since all impacted inodes are related to application files in $HOME/.config/ or $HOME/.local/, I don't see directly the effect of a missing or corrupted file...

4. How do I prevent the file system to be corrupted?

Here is a screenshot of the SMART data window in the Disks app.

smartctl gives roughly the same data in English:

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  2 Throughput_Performance  0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Always       -       1350
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       670
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000b   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  8 Seek_Time_Performance   0x0005   100   100   050    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   095   095   000    Old_age   Always       -       2224
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0033   113   100   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       509
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       48
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       10
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   098   098   000    Old_age   Always       -       24418
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       34 (Min/Max 19/42)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
220 Disk_Shift              0x0002   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
222 Loaded_Hours            0x0032   096   096   000    Old_age   Always       -       1931
223 Load_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
224 Load_Friction           0x0022   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
226 Load-in_Time            0x0026   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       263
240 Head_Flying_Hours       0x0001   100   100   001    Pre-fail  Offline      -       0
254 Free_Fall_Sensor        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2218         -

Another screenshot of GParted:

As suggested I've upgraded my BIOS firmware. The upgrade went fine and didn't break anything. For sure, it's better to have firmware up-to-date in any case, but I must confess that I don't understand how the BIOS could be responsible of filesystem corruptions on a single partition of my hard drive and I can't see any way to verify that the problem is really solved. I've given up for now, and I'll update this post if the problem occurs again.

Update: the same error occurred again about two months after the original post and BIOS update.

More details, as requested by @heynnema.

$ free -h
              total       utilisé      libre     partagé tamp/cache   disponible
Mem:          7,7Gi       2,3Gi       3,8Gi        49Mi       1,5Gi       5,0Gi
Partition d'échange:        15Gi          0B        15Gi

sudo lshw -C memory https://paste.ubuntu.com/p/Sq9qy9kxVb/

zgrep -i gnome-software /var/log/syslog* https://paste.ubuntu.com/p/Qqy99YnFvC/

$ cat /etc/fstab 
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during installation
UUID=cbee80f8-6637-44e3-8dbd-7f710be58e54 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during installation
UUID=E06D-1632  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
# /home was on /dev/sda4 during installation
UUID=91e9d404-4089-4b8d-af58-5aebcd76b5a0 /home           ext4    defaults        0       2
# /tmp was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=51e800d3-f199-490a-bb7a-d2f49635e71c /tmp            ext4    defaults        0       2
# /var was on /dev/sda3 during installation
UUID=da892f2f-b8d2-47f5-a5e7-30e779fe9d2c /var            ext4    defaults        0       2
# swap was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=7317598f-60e6-475e-a7d0-38503bac42fc none            swap    sw              0       0

I tried looking at this question but it doesn't address my problem: How to change login screen sddm on KDE Plasma 5

I'm able to install new SDDM login screens (I'm using Kubuntu 20.04) using the Plasma options menu [Sytem Settings-->Startup and Shutdown-->Login Screen (SDDM)]. However, the new screen only appears when I first boot up or when I log out of my current user.

Most often I simply put the computer to sleep and then wake it back up to log in. When I do, the newly installed theme doesn't display, but instead the default screen that Kubuntu installed with. Is this expected behavior? I don't see any separate settings for "initial login" versus "login after sleep" or something similar. But clearly SDDM is treating these two situations differently.

I would like to be able to customize both screens.

I have tried installing Ubuntu about 10 times. It doesn't install. I first tried Ubuntu 18.04 and then Ubuntu 20.04. Both times I got the same screen telling me that the system has crashed. Here is how it went for 10 times. First I downloaded Ubuntu 18.04. Then I created a 50GB partition in D drive. Then I used balenaEtcher to make a 32GB bootable USB flash drive.

Then I restarted my HP Omen laptop, pressed F10, went to BIOS, changed the boot order to USB, found the Grub boot menu -- Try Ubuntu without installing. Then Ubuntu loads, I go for installation and I choose "Installation Alongside Windows". It goes to the end, asks for a restart and then it hangs. I get a black screen with a bunch of boot messages on it, and it gets stuck there.

The following are the screenshots of what I see on that screen.

daemon.
Starting Snappy daemon...
[  OK  ] Started Snappy daemon.
[  914.823621] VFS: busy inodes o
exit
eeeeeeee\e/e\eeeeeeee/d\d/[ 1182.412896] systemd-shutdown: 40 output lines suppressed due to ratelimiting
[ 1182.415658] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427442
[ 1182.415696] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0xd0b6557
[ 1182.415700] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427444
[ 1182.415728] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [d0b6557]
[ 1182.415756] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427446
[ 1182.415777] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block d0b6557, size d41e
[ 1182.415806] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427448
[ 1182.415855] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427450
[ 1182.415884] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427452
[ 1182.415913] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427454
[ 1182.415943] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427456
[ 1182.415971] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427458
[ 1182.416000] print_req_error: I/O error, dev loop0, sector 427460
[ 1182.416237] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0xd0c3975
[ 1182.416266] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [d0c3975]
[ 1182.416291] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block d0c3975, size b3bd
[ 1182.416509] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0xd0b6557
[ 1182.416538] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [d0b6557]
[ 1182.416563] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block d0b6557, size d41e
[ 1182.416596] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [d0b6557]
[ 1182.416621] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block d0b6557, size d41e
[ 1182.417065] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0xcc3e6c6
[ 1182.418577] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [cc3e6c6]
[ 1182.420096] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block cc3e6c6, size c8e5
[ 1182.421610] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [cc3e6c6]
[ 1182.422694] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block cc3e6c6, size c8e5
[ 1182.423374] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [cc3e6c6]
[ 1182.424085] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block cc3e6c6, size c8e5
[ 1182.424957] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0xcbb9d67
[ 1182.425657] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [cbb9d67]
[ 1182.426320] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block cbb9d67, size b53e
[ 1182.427603] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [cbb9d67]
[ 1182.428385] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block cbb9d67, size b53e
[ 1182.429130] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [cbb9d67]
[ 1182.429860] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block cbb9d67, size b53e
[ 1182.430650] SQUASHFS error: squashfs_read_data failed to read block 0xc945e6a
[ 1182.431320] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [c945e6a]
[ 1182.431942] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block c945e6a, size f6a5
[ 1182.432688] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [c945e6a]
[ 1182.433378] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block c945e6a, size f6a5
[ 1182.434078] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read data cache entry [c945e6a]
[ 1182.434762] SQUASHFS error: Unable to read page, block c945e6a, size f6a5
[ 1182.435925] systemd-shutdown[1]: Syncing filesystems and block devices.
[ 1182.436714] systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGTERM to remaining processes...
[ 1182.439369] systemd-journald[1117]: Received SIGTERM from PID 1 (systemd-shutdown).
[ 1272.439536] systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGKILL to remaining processes...
[ 1272.445277] systemd-shutdown[1]: Sending SIGKILL to PID 1642 (Xorg).
[ 1362.447793] systemd-shutdown[1]: Unmounting file systems.
[ 1362.453128] systemd-shutdown[1]: Failed to wait for process: Protocol error
[ 1362.464423] systemd-shutdown[1]: Failed to wait for process: Protocol error
[ 1362.465445] systemd-shutdown[1]: Failed to wait for process: Protocol error
[ 1362.466085] systemd-shutdown[1]: Not all file systems unmounted, 3 left.
[ 1362.466719] systemd-shutdown[1]: Deactivating swaps.
[ 1362.467369] systemd-shutdown[1]: All swaps deactivated.
[ 1362.467997] systemd-shutdown[1]: Detaching loop devices.
[ 1362.469132] systemd-shutdown[1]: Detaching loopback /dev/loop0.
[ 1362.469749] systemd-shutdown[1]: All loop devices detached.
[ 1362.474113] sd 2:0:0:0: [sda] Synchronizing SCSI cache

Then after an hour it's still like this.

I left it for hours there and nothing more would happen. So I pressed down the power button for 5 seconds, shutdown my PC, and rebooted it. It still got stuck at the same black screen.

I tried doing this procedure for about 10 times with the same result. This is the screen photo that I got.

Then I thought I'd redownload Ubuntu and try again, but it didn't work. I downloaded Ubuntu 20.04, but it also didn't work. The results are the same.

Just tell me is there any problem with my system, or is there any problem in my procedure? Just tell me what's wrong.

I'm having a really hard time trying to find the drivers for the Netgear AC1200 WiFi USB Adapter, model A6150. I need it for Ubuntu 18.04. Please, help.

I've made a fresh install of Ubuntu 18.04 LTS months ago, but this week my internet connection via WiFi has suddenly stopped working (tethering works, though: unstably via USB, rather reliably via Bluetooth, which is how I'm currently connecting to this site).

My device is a Dell XPS13 with Qualcomm Atheros: lshw -class network returns

   description: Network controller
   product: QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter
   vendor: Qualcomm Atheros
   physical id: 0
   bus info: pci@0000:3a:00.0
   version: 32
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
   configuration: driver=ath10k_pci latency=0
   resources: irq:139 memory:dc000000-dc1fffff

so no logical name; when I check the OS' settings I'm told "No Wi-Fi adapter found - Make sure you have a Wi-Fi adapter plugged and turned on", and indeed when I run ifconfig I get

bnep0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
    inet 192.168.44.124  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.44.255
    inet6 fe80::ea16:24ce:ea72:9208  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 9c:b6:d0:ed:90:24  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
    RX packets 391  bytes 54441 (54.4 KB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 644  bytes 97056 (97.0 KB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

enp0s20f0u2: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
    inet 192.168.42.83  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.42.255
    inet6 fe80::45ba:d529:b72f:ffc8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
    ether 66:4d:6f:7e:70:65  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
    RX packets 62043  bytes 62840918 (62.8 MB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 49542  bytes 14115031 (14.1 MB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
    RX packets 23793  bytes 1773826 (1.7 MB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 23793  bytes 1773826 (1.7 MB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

Output of lsusb:

Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0c45:670c Microdia 
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 04f3:20d0 Elan Microelectronics Corp. 
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0cf3:e300 Atheros Communications, Inc. 
Bus 001 Device 010: ID 2717:ff80  
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Any suggestion would be greatly appreciated! No solution found on askubuntu has helped so far - so this is not a duplicate.

UPDATE

This is the outcome of sudo modprobe ath10k_pci && dmesg | grep ath:

[    2.784311] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
    [    2.786981] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: pci irq msi oper_irq_mode 2 irq_mode 0 reset_mode 0
[    2.836893] Modules linked in: intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm ath10k_pci(+) snd_hda_codec_realtek(+) dell_laptop(+) snd_soc_skl irqbypass crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel snd_hda_codec_generic pcbc snd_soc_skl_ipc ath10k_core snd_hda_ext_core snd_soc_sst_dsp snd_soc_sst_ipc ath snd_soc_acpi snd_soc_core aesni_intel snd_compress mac80211(OE) ac97_bus aes_x86_64 snd_pcm_dmaengine sch_fq_codel crypto_simd glue_helper snd_hda_intel cryptd btusb uvcvideo(+) snd_hda_codec btrtl dell_wmi intel_cstate videobuf2_vmalloc snd_hda_core dell_smbios intel_rapl_perf videobuf2_memops btbcm snd_hwdep btintel videobuf2_v4l2 dcdbas videobuf2_core bluetooth joydev snd_pcm input_leds hid_multitouch videodev wmi_bmof cfg80211(OE) serio_raw dell_wmi_descriptor snd_seq_midi
[    3.077620] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: Direct firmware load for ath10k/pre-cal-pci-0000:3a:00.0.bin failed with error -2
[    3.077626] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: Direct firmware load for ath10k/cal-pci-0000:3a:00.0.bin failed with error -2
[    3.078902] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: qca6174 hw3.2 target 0x05030000 chip_id 0x00340aff sub 1a56:1535
[    3.078903] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: kconfig debug 0 debugfs 1 tracing 1 dfs 0 testmode 0
[    3.079273] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: firmware ver WLAN.RM.4.4.1-00079-QCARMSWPZ-1 api 6 features wowlan,ignore-otp crc32 fd869beb
[    3.143217] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: board_file api 2 bmi_id N/A crc32 20d869c3
[    3.723620] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: Unknown eventid: 118809
[    3.726696] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: Unknown eventid: 90118
[    3.727181] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: htt-ver 3.47 wmi-op 4 htt-op 3 cal otp max-sta 32 raw 0 hwcrypto 1
[    3.813764] ath: EEPROM regdomain: 0x6c
[    3.813765] ath: EEPROM indicates we should expect a direct regpair map
[    3.813765] ath: Country alpha2 being used: 00
[    3.813766] ath: Regpair used: 0x6c
[    3.813798] Modules linked in: nls_iso8859_1 wl(POE) intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm ath10k_pci snd_hda_codec_realtek(+) dell_laptop snd_soc_skl irqbypass crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel snd_hda_codec_generic pcbc snd_soc_skl_ipc ath10k_core snd_hda_ext_core snd_soc_sst_dsp snd_soc_sst_ipc ath snd_soc_acpi snd_soc_core aesni_intel snd_compress mac80211(OE) ac97_bus aes_x86_64 snd_pcm_dmaengine sch_fq_codel crypto_simd glue_helper snd_hda_intel cryptd btusb uvcvideo snd_hda_codec btrtl dell_wmi intel_cstate videobuf2_vmalloc snd_hda_core dell_smbios intel_rapl_perf videobuf2_memops btbcm snd_hwdep btintel videobuf2_v4l2 dcdbas videobuf2_core bluetooth joydev snd_pcm input_leds hid_multitouch videodev wmi_bmof cfg80211(OE) serio_raw dell_wmi_descriptor
[    3.813853] Workqueue: ath10k_wq ath10k_core_register_work [ath10k_core]
[    3.813870]  ? ath10k_regd_update+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ath10k_core]
[    3.813872]  ath_regd_init+0x98/0x150 [ath]
[    3.813875]  ath10k_mac_register+0x5e3/0x8e0 [ath10k_core]
[    3.813879]  ath10k_core_register_work+0x651/0x7f0 [ath10k_core]
[    3.813923] Modules linked in: nls_iso8859_1 wl(POE) intel_rapl x86_pkg_temp_thermal intel_powerclamp coretemp kvm_intel kvm ath10k_pci snd_hda_codec_realtek(+) dell_laptop snd_soc_skl irqbypass crct10dif_pclmul crc32_pclmul ghash_clmulni_intel snd_hda_codec_generic pcbc snd_soc_skl_ipc ath10k_core snd_hda_ext_core snd_soc_sst_dsp snd_soc_sst_ipc ath snd_soc_acpi snd_soc_core aesni_intel snd_compress mac80211(OE) ac97_bus aes_x86_64 snd_pcm_dmaengine sch_fq_codel crypto_simd glue_helper snd_hda_intel cryptd btusb uvcvideo snd_hda_codec btrtl dell_wmi intel_cstate videobuf2_vmalloc snd_hda_core dell_smbios intel_rapl_perf videobuf2_memops btbcm snd_hwdep btintel videobuf2_v4l2 dcdbas videobuf2_core bluetooth joydev snd_pcm input_leds hid_multitouch videodev wmi_bmof cfg80211(OE) serio_raw dell_wmi_descriptor
[    3.813962] Workqueue: ath10k_wq ath10k_core_register_work [ath10k_core]
[    3.813976]  ? ath10k_regd_update+0x2a0/0x2a0 [ath10k_core]
[    3.813977]  ath_regd_init+0x98/0x150 [ath]
[    3.813980]  ath10k_mac_register+0x5e3/0x8e0 [ath10k_core]
[    3.813984]  ath10k_core_register_work+0x651/0x7f0 [ath10k_core]
[    3.814013] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: failed to register ieee80211: -22
[    3.814015] ath10k_pci 0000:3a:00.0: could not register to mac80211 (-22)

Every time I want to export a file, gimp opens /tmp folder but I want to change this to ~/Downloads or any other folder.

How can I do this permanently?

Update:

Gimp seems to remember export folder for already exported files.

But when I use xfce4-screenshooter app to import the screenshot and then try to save it - the folder is set to /tmp.

Is there any way to point it to different folder in this case ?

I am not using any specific Desktop Environment - just i3 with a bunch of additional apps.

I tried to resize it but it the slide bar wont even move. It's not mounted and I cant boot into windows because Lenovo screen pops up then goes black then switches to Ubuntu. I need more memory for my Ubuntu.

As you can see in the below screenshot, my partitions are essentially empty.

I just installed Ubuntu today, I had created a brand new partition to support my Ubuntu OS. However, after it successfully partitioned itself my Windows 7 partition no longer works at all. At this point I do not care about restoring my Windows 7 OS, I just want to combine my much larger currently unallocated partition of +600GB with my new Ubuntu partition.

I have installed GParted and read other forums on the issue. However, whenever I try what they have suggested (as far as I can tell) resize/move only adjusts the size of the current partition. It has nothing to do with combining two separate partitions (which are both primary). Many other suggestions wanted me to delete the partition with the file system on it. I can't do that because that is the file system that I am currently using, so it won't let me delete it.

I can't think of what to do. I am seriously worried that I have ruined my computer.

My Ubuntu live USB hangs on boot. I suspect a driver is causing the hang. How can I identify which driver actually causes the freeze?

Here are the details:

1. During boot I press F12 and select USB storage, when Ubuntu screen shows I select "try before installing" and the screen goes blank with blinking cursor in the left-top corner. Neither ctrl-alt-del nor power-off works. I need to hard power off the machine by holding the power button.
2. During boot I press F12 and select USB storage, when Ubuntu screen shows I press F6 and mark acpi=off, noapic, edd=on, nodmraid and nomodeset options, then I edit boot line by removing quiet splash and adding no_console_suspend initcall_debug options and press enter. Ubuntu boots but at certain point hangs with kernel panic messages. Neither Ctrl-Alt-Del nor poweroff works. I need to hard power off the machine by keeping poweroff button for a few seconds.

I got a black screen with a Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! message at Ubuntu boot:

[    5.681936] [<ffffffff81577909>] loop_add+0x1e9/0x270
[    5.681998] [<ffffffff81faeffa>] loop_init+0x11d/0x170
[    5.682061] [<ffffffff81faeedd>] ? max_loop_setup+0x1a/0x1a
[    5.682124] [<ffffffff810021cf>] do_one_initcall+0x15f/0x200
[    5.682187] [<ffffffff8109ff85>] ? parse_args+0x295/0x4b0
[    5.682250] [<ffffffff81f5b1a5>] kernel_init_freeable+0x173/0x212
[    5.682315] [<ffffffff81821540>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
[    5.682377] [<ffffffff8182154e>] kernel_init+0xe/0xe0
[    5.682439] [<ffffffff8182decf>] ret_from_fork+0x3f/0x70
[    5.682501] [<ffffffff81821540>] ? rest_init+0x80/0x80
[    5.682562] Code: 71 cf 81 48 c7 c7 a8 ff f1 81 e8 65 89 02 00 eb cc 0f 1f 00 
55 48 85 ff 48 89 e5 41 54 53 48 89 fb 74 37 48 85 f6 49 89 f4 74 62 <f6> 47 3c 
01 75 46 48 8d 43 08 c7 43 38 01 00 00 00 4c 89 63 28
[    5.685169] RIP  [<ffffffff813f3397>] kobject_init+0x17/0x90
[    5.685269]  RSP <ffff880159b97d18>
[    5.685327]  CR2: ffffe8ffffd00214
[    5.685387] ---[ end trace b48cc3c525b1d710 ]---
[    5.685494] Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exitcode=0x00
000009
[    5.685494] 
[    5.685591] Kernel Offset: disabled
[    5.685649] ---[ end Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init! exit
code=0x00000009
[    5.685649]
_

Is there any way I can identify which drivers that are being loaded to tell which driver causes the hang and possibly disable it?

I'm writing to see if is there any way to install a stable version of Ubuntu Phone or Ubuntu Touch on an unsupported device. The device is a dual sim LG Optimus L5, specifically an LG-E615 with a forced Android ROM. This device is currently not starting (stopped working) and it's a device that I do not want to try to recover with Android. I would like to try a great operating system like Ubuntu.

I'm not a developer, so my skills are not extensive in this area.

I read the information from the site about how to install the operating system on the devices, but when I try to download the image in the terminal indicates that the device is not in the https://system-image.ubuntu.com server.

It is possible that this consultation is an issue of low importance to a team as knowledgeable as you all, but I still would like to have your help. Any collaboration that you can give me would be excellent, and I would be truly grateful.

I installed Ubuntu from a USB flash drive. I partitioned drives for swap, ram and home directories. I also partitioned 700 MB separate space for the device bootloader. When nearing installation, I got an error saying "Device boot loader cannot be used" and asked me to use a different one. After I selected that I got a message saying installation is successful, but after restarting my computer I don't see a prompt or a boot menu to choose between Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 8. I don't see that in my Control Panel either.

The iso installer in my USB drive was no more but, I saw files unpacked.

My question says it all: on Ubuntu, is there any way to mount a .dmg file (as produced by OS X's Disk Utility) that contains an AES-encrypted, FAT12 filesystem?

I've seen sporadic advice about how to mount .dmg files containing hfsplus filesystems, so I'd have thought the fat12 (aka, "msdos") filesystem would be even easier. The closest I've come is:

mount -oloop,encryption=aes-256 -t msdos privatedmg.dmg ~/mounted

But this gives me the error ioctl: LOOP_SET_STATUS: Invalid argument. I don't know much about linux filesystem mechanics, but am eager to learn!

I have just built a new computer I've never installed Linux on a computer before.

booting from my usb come up with "error loading operating system". I am trying to install it on my new 64gb SSD, it has nothing on it. looked through some of the previous forums but most of theirs have been because they have already got windows already installed on it.

Could someone please help?

I am trying to set up a script driven VPN connection with nmcli on Lubuntu 12.10 using Openconnect and NetworkManager and I cannot seem to get it to connect either with the saved credentials or via sudo with

[vpn]
....
password-flags=0

[vpn-secrets]
password=your_password

as I've seen suggested many places.

Any ideas on how to bypass the connect dialog?