Dual boot option disappeard after upgrade to windows 11 https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560408/dual-boot-option-disappeard-after-upgrade-to-windows-11

I was having some problems printing on ubuntu, so as i have a dual boot machine i switched to Windows 10. I managed to print my documents. Whilst I was on windows it offered an upgrade to windows 11 which i agreed to. Since last night it boots straight into windows no option to boot Ubuntu. I am hoping i have not lost ubuntu. I have not tried anything else.

Thanks Brian Bissenden

Access to folders shared using Samba https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560406/access-to-folders-shared-using-samba

I've got what I think is a noob problem. After several hours of trial and error I've managed to add one folder to Samba which is now accessible in Windows after entering credentials to Samba server. Then, I decided to add more folders to be shared via Samba.

Unfortunately, even though I can see the folders after connecting to Samba, I can only access the very first folder I added (i.e. folder named "sharing").

I've tried to replicate the steps that led me to successfully set up the first folder (using these guides: https://www.antixforum.com/forums/topic/how-to-create-a-samba-shared-folder-your-private-network/ and https://phoenixnap.com/kb/ubuntu-samba) but so far have been unsucessful.

What am I doing wrong? Why is only one folder accessible, while others aren't?

Below you'll find my smb.conf file. The "sharing" folder is the only one that is accessible in Windows.

[global]
server string = samba_server
workgroup = WORKGROUP
security = user
map to guest = Bad User
name resolve order = bcast host
ntlm auth = yes
usershare allow guests = yes

[sharing]
path = /home/sharing
force user = smbuser
force group = smbgroup
create mask = 0664
force create mode = 0664
directory mask = 0775
force directory mode = 0775
public = yes
writable = yes

[Windows]
path = /home/michal/Windows
force user = smbuser
force group = smbgroup
create mask = 0664
force create mode = 0664
directory mask = 0775
force directory mode = 0775
public = yes
writable = yes

[One Touch]
path = "/media/michal/One Touch"
force user = smbuser
force group = smbgroup
create mask = 0664
force create mode = 0664
directory mask = 0775
force directory mode = 0775
public = yes
writable = yes

[Seagate]
path = /media/michal/Seagate
force user = smbuser
force group = smbgroup
create mask = 0664
force create mode = 0664
directory mask = 0775
force directory mode = 0775
public = yes
writable = yes

Folder permissions:

ls -al /home/sharing
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 smbuser smbgroup 4096 Dec  3 10:12 .
drwxr-xr-x 4 root    root     4096 Nov 14 10:54 ..
-rw-rw-r-- 1 smbuser smbgroup    0 Nov 12 11:02 test.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 smbuser smbgroup 1706 Nov 16 19:05 Recuva.lnk

ls -al /home/michal/Windows
total 8
drwxrwxr-x  2 smbuser smbgroup 4096 Dec  3 08:57 .
drwxr-x--- 21 michal  michal   4096 Dec  3 08:57 ..

ls -al /media/michal/Seagate
total 47728
drwxr-xr-x 1 smbuser smbgroup     4096 Sep 14  2022  '$RECYCLE.BIN'
drwxr-xr-x 1 smbuser smbgroup    12288 Apr 23  2023  .
drwxr-x--- 4 root    root         4096 Dec  3 08:18  ..

I would very much appreciate your help. Thanks.

Michal

Ubuntu 24.04 not booting and Going to busybox on start-up https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560405/ubuntu-24-04-not-booting-and-going-to-busybox-on-start-up

It has been a week or so that my ubuntu doesn't boot. I have a dual-boot system with windows, and from 2 weeks ago when I want to boot my ubuntu it drops to Busybox.

Do you have any ideas?

How using multiline late-commands https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560399/how-using-multiline-late-commands

How to put my script to late-commands section? This is my script

cat<<'EOF' >> $HOME/.bashrc

upd_rustdesk() {
    sudo dpkg --install $(basename $(wget $(wget -qk -l 0 "https://github.com/rustdesk/rustdesk/releases" -O /tmp/index.html ; cat /tmp/index.html | grep -o 'https:[^"]*.deb' | grep '\/rustdesk-[0-9]*[0-9]\.[0-9].*_64.deb' | sort -r -n | head -1)))
}
EOF

But all examples with late-commands use one-line code...

Why am I getting this message, and how do I fix it? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560398/why-am-i-getting-this-message-and-how-do-i-fix-it

I am getting this message when installing a .deb file:

Download is performed unsandboxed as root as file '/home/joesph-russ-bryant/teamviewer_amd64.deb' couldn't be accessed by user '\_apt'. - pkgAcquire::Run (13: Permission denied)

What causes this, and how do I fix it?

Clicking a link in Thunderbird DOES NOT change the focus to Firefox (anymore) https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560397/clicking-a-link-in-thunderbird-does-not-change-the-focus-to-firefox-anymore

I'm using Kubuntu 25.10 with a multi-monitor-setup. For example, for many years Thunderbird changed the focus to Firefox after I clicked a link in it. This was the default behavior. But for some time now (maybe since the switch to Wayland???) this changed, and I have to manually switch the focus to Firefox after clicking the link in TB. The Firefox icon in the taskbar becomes orange, but it isn't brought to the foreground...!?

I am really annoyed by this. How can I change that to the old approach of switching to Firefox (or any other just-opened application) immediately by default?

Upgrading Ubuntu from 25.04 to 25.10: No new release found https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560393/upgrading-ubuntu-from-25-04-to-25-10-no-new-release-found

I did the first two steps successfully:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Then:

sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
No new release found.

I currently am on Kubuntu 25.04, trying to upgrade to Kubuntu 25.10 (this last release have been available for a while).

What is wrong?


I re-ran the previous commands to collect their output (here is a partial copy, due to its length):

~> sudo apt update
[sudo: authenticate] Password: 
Hit:1 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing InRelease
Get:2 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-updates InRelease [136 kB]
Get:3 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-security InRelease [136 kB]
Get:4 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-backports InRelease [133 kB]
...
Get:33 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-security/multiverse amd64 Components [212 B]
Fetched 5,437 kB in 1s (4,907 kB/s)                                      
788 packages can be upgraded. Run 'apt list --upgradable' to see them.
Notice: Ignoring file 'sublime-text.list.migrate' in directory '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension

~> sudo apt upgrade
...
Summary:
  Upgrading: 8, Installing: 0, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 780
  Download size: 12.6 MB
  Space needed: 20.5 kB / 253 GB available

Notice: Ignoring file 'sublime-text.list.migrate' in directory '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension
Notice: Some packages may have been kept back due to phasing.
Get:1 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-updates/main amd64 initramfs-tools all 0.150ubuntu3.1 [8,440 B]
Get:2 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-updates/main amd64 initramfs-tools-core all 0.150ubuntu3.1 [50.7 kB]
Get:3 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-updates/main amd64 initramfs-tools-bin amd64 0.150ubuntu3.1 [33.1 kB]
Get:4 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing/universe amd64 libboost1.83-doc all 1.83.0-5ubuntu1 [7,335 kB]
Get:5 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing/universe amd64 libpmix-dev amd64 5.0.7-1 [4,067 kB]
Get:6 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing/universe amd64 libpmix2t64 amd64 5.0.7-1 [712 kB]
Get:7 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-updates/main amd64 wireplumber amd64 0.5.10-3ubuntu1 [97.8 kB]
Get:8 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu questing-updates/main amd64 libwireplumber-0.5-0 amd64 0.5.10-3ubuntu1 [292 kB]
Fetched 12.6 MB in 1s (18.0 MB/s)             
N: Ignoring file 'sublime-text.list.migrate' in directory '/etc/apt/sources.list.d/' as it has an invalid filename extension
(Reading database ... 1231142 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../0-initramfs-tools_0.150ubuntu3.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking initramfs-tools (0.150ubuntu3.1) over (0.147ubuntu1.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../1-initramfs-tools-core_0.150ubuntu3.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking initramfs-tools-core (0.150ubuntu3.1) over (0.147ubuntu1.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../2-initramfs-tools-bin_0.150ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking initramfs-tools-bin (0.150ubuntu3.1) over (0.147ubuntu1.1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../3-libboost1.83-doc_1.83.0-5ubuntu1_all.deb ...
Unpacking libboost1.83-doc (1.83.0-5ubuntu1) over (1.83.0-4.2ubuntu1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../4-libpmix-dev_5.0.7-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpmix-dev:amd64 (5.0.7-1) over (5.0.6-5) ...
Preparing to unpack .../5-libpmix2t64_5.0.7-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpmix2t64:amd64 (5.0.7-1) over (5.0.6-5) ...
Preparing to unpack .../6-wireplumber_0.5.10-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking wireplumber (0.5.10-3ubuntu1) over (0.5.8-1) ...
Preparing to unpack .../7-libwireplumber-0.5-0_0.5.10-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libwireplumber-0.5-0:amd64 (0.5.10-3ubuntu1) over (0.5.8-1) ...
Setting up libwireplumber-0.5-0:amd64 (0.5.10-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libboost1.83-doc (1.83.0-5ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libpmix2t64:amd64 (5.0.7-1) ...
Setting up wireplumber (0.5.10-3ubuntu1) ...
Setting up libpmix-dev:amd64 (5.0.7-1) ...
Setting up initramfs-tools-bin (0.150ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up initramfs-tools-core (0.150ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.150ubuntu3.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Processing triggers for man-db (2.13.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.42-0ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.150ubuntu3.1) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.17.0-7-generic

~> sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
No new release found.
How to make a REAL minimal Ubuntu server 24.04.xx installation [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560390/how-to-make-a-real-minimal-ubuntu-server-24-04-xx-installation

The current server live installer only give you two options:
enter image description here

(talking headless server)

The minimized option is not very minimal, it's 2GB!

I was expecting something like 800MB, I believe both Debian and openSUSE is about that size when doing a minimal installation from there "standard" server installer.

Is there an easy way to make a smaller installation (less footprint / root partition), something like Ubuntu's Minimal cloud image, the installation is about 481MB....that's a minimal installation.

I could of course manually uninstall package afterwards but that's not a very elegant solution, beside one could easily remove some mandatory packages.

The live-installation is about 180MB:

I wonder if I could copy the root content and use that as my server-install. And then add the packages a needed with `apt install...`

UPDATE: It seems you can control which packages are installed during the installation either by creating your own autoinstall.yaml and place it in the root of you USB install media or edit the existing package-list on the install-media:

  • \casper\filesystem.manifest
  • \casper\ubuntu-server-minimal.manifest

Maybe this is the best approach for a more minimal installations? It seems both files are used (to some extend) doing a minimized server installation. What would you recommend?

ASUS KGPE-D16 Ubuntu won't boot https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560388/asus-kgpe-d16-ubuntu-wont-boot

I recently bought a server with an ASUS KGPE-D16 motherboard and 2 AMD Opteron 6836 SE. I am trying to boot off an Ubuntu persistent USB stick. I had Clonezilla on one and used UNetBootin to rewrite it with Ubuntu. It was good but not persistent. It booted and worked, but the mouse was a little jumpy. I wanted to get it set up with persistency enabled, so I remote into and reboot if I needed to while checking stuff out. I used Rufus to redo the USB stick and hopefully get it to be persistent. I tried it on my laptop and finally got it to be persistent.

I stuck it in the server and it wouldn't boot. It comes up to a screen that has text that says welcome to grub that I have never seen before, and after a few seconds it reboots. I have tried reloading the USB stick in case it was a bad install, but there was no change. It does not have Secure Boot and I turned off fast boot.

I bricked snap and it was fairly easy https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560386/i-bricked-snap-and-it-was-fairly-easy

I am on Kubuntu 24.04.3 Not knowing how snap works exactly, I accidentally unmounted from Krusader the apps I had, you can do easily from there. I thought they were stale mounts, but I understood later they were not. I could've rebooted to restore everything instead I started manually removing the broken snaps and reinstalling them, when I was removing Firefox, it was stuck and then I decided to kill the removal process. Now snap thinks is doing something, doesn't let me remove and install firefox again.

snap changes
ID   Status  Spawn               Ready               Summary
215  Done    today at 09:51 PST  today at 09:51 PST  Remove "core22" snap
216  Done    today at 09:51 PST  today at 09:51 PST  Install "core22" snap
217  Done    today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:52 PST  Remove "core24" snap
218  Done    today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:52 PST  Install "core24" snap
219  Undo    today at 09:52 PST  -                   Remove "firefox" snap
220  Done    today at 10:03 PST  today at 10:03 PST  Remove "core24" snap
221  Done    today at 10:03 PST  today at 10:03 PST  Install "core24" snap
222  Done    today at 10:03 PST  today at 10:03 PST  Remove "core20" snap
223  Done    today at 10:03 PST  today at 10:03 PST  Remove "core18" snap
224  Done    today at 10:04 PST  today at 10:04 PST  Remove "bare" snap
225  Done    today at 10:04 PST  today at 10:04 PST  Install "bare" snap
226  Done    today at 10:04 PST  today at 10:04 PST  Remove "gnome-3-28-1804" snap
227  Done    today at 10:04 PST  today at 10:04 PST  Remove "gnome-3-38-2004" snap
228  Done    today at 10:05 PST  today at 10:05 PST  Remove "shotcut" snap
229  Done    today at 10:05 PST  today at 10:05 PST  Install "shotcut" snap
230  Done    today at 10:07 PST  today at 10:07 PST  Remove "mesa-2404" snap
231  Done    today at 10:07 PST  today at 10:08 PST  Install "mesa-2404" snap
232  Done    today at 10:08 PST  today at 10:08 PST  Running service command for snap "mesa-2404"
233  Done    today at 10:08 PST  today at 10:08 PST  Remove "code" snap
234  Done    today at 10:08 PST  today at 10:18 PST  Remove "thunderbird" snap
[sudo] password for marco: 
error: cannot refresh "firefox": refreshing disabled snap "firefox" not supported
marco@bellavista:~$ sudo snap remove firefox
error: snap "firefox" has "remove-snap" change in progress
marco@bellavista:~$ sudo snap remove gnome-42-2204
error: snap "gnome-42-2204" has "remove-snap" change in progress
marco@bellavista:~$ snap list
Name               Version                         Rev    Tracking       Publisher   Notes
bare               1.0                             5      latest/stable  canonical✓  base
core22             20251009                        2163   latest/stable  canonical✓  base
core24             20251001                        1225   latest/stable  canonical✓  base
firefox            145.0.2-1                       7423   latest/stable  mozilla✓    disabled
gnome-42-2204      0+git.837775c-sdk0+git.7b07595  226    latest/stable  canonical✓  -
gnome-46-2404      0+git.df85349-sdk0+git.54e4d8f  145    latest/stable  canonical✓  -
gtk-common-themes  0.1-81-g442e511                 1535   latest/stable  canonical✓  -
mesa-2404          25.0.7-snap211                  1165   latest/stable  canonical✓  -
shotcut            25.11.2                         2005   latest/stable  meltytech✓  classic
snapd              2.72                            25577  latest/stable  canonical✓  snapd
marco@bellavista:~$ snap tasks 219
Status  Spawn               Ready               Summary
Undo    today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:52 PST  Stop snap "firefox" services
Undo    today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:52 PST  Run remove hook of "firefox" snap if present
Done    today at 09:52 PST  today at 10:27 PST  Disconnect interfaces of snap "firefox"
Undone  today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Save data of snap "firefox" in automatic snapshot set #2
Undone  today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Remove aliases for snap "firefox"
Undone  today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Make snap "firefox" unavailable to the system
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Remove security profile for snap "firefox" (7423)
Done    today at 09:52 PST  today at 10:27 PST  Remove data for snap "firefox" (7355)
Done    today at 09:52 PST  today at 10:27 PST  Remove snap "firefox" (7355) from the system
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Remove data for snap "firefox" (7423)
Hold    today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Remove snap "firefox" (7423) from the system
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:dot-mozilla-firefox from snapd:personal-files
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:icon-themes from gtk-common-themes:icon-themes
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:mount-observe from snapd:mount-observe
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:host-hunspell from snapd:mount-control
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:cups-control from snapd:cups-control
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:etc-firefox from snapd:system-files
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:joystick from snapd:joystick
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:browser-sandbox from snapd:browser-support
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:gtk-3-themes from gtk-common-themes:gtk-3-themes
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:upower-observe from snapd:upower-observe
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:desktop-legacy from snapd:desktop-legacy
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:u2f-devices from snapd:u2f-devices
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:gsettings from snapd:gsettings
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:sound-themes from gtk-common-themes:sound-themes
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:x11 from snapd:x11
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:audio-record from snapd:audio-record
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:network from snapd:network
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:home from snapd:home
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:hardware-observe from snapd:hardware-observe
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:screen-inhibit-control from snapd:screen-inhibit-control
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:avahi-observe from snapd:avahi-observe
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:wayland from snapd:wayland
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:camera from snapd:camera
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:network-bind from snapd:network-bind
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:gnome-42-2204 from gnome-42-2204:gnome-42-2204
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:timezone-control from snapd:timezone-control
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:system-packages-doc from snapd:system-packages-doc
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:unity7 from snapd:unity7
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:removable-media from snapd:removable-media
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:opengl from snapd:opengl
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:desktop from snapd:desktop
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:host-usr-share-hunspell from snapd:system-files
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:login-session-observe from snapd:login-session-observe
Error   today at 09:52 PST  today at 09:56 PST  Disconnect firefox:audio-playback from snapd:audio-playback

......................................................................
Make snap "firefox" unavailable to the system

2025-12-02T09:56:31-08:00 INFO cannot link snap "firefox" back, some of its data has already been removed

......................................................................
Remove security profile for snap "firefox" (7423)

2025-12-02T09:56:31-08:00 ERROR cannot find installed snap "firefox" at revision 7423: missing file /snap/firefox/7423/meta/snap.yaml

......................................................................
Remove data for snap "firefox" (7423)

2025-12-02T09:56:31-08:00 ERROR unlinkat /var/snap/firefox/common/host-hunspell/en_US.dic: read-only file system

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:dot-mozilla-firefox from snapd:personal-files

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "dot-mozilla-firefox" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:icon-themes from gtk-common-themes:icon-themes

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "icon-themes" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:mount-observe from snapd:mount-observe

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "mount-observe" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:host-hunspell from snapd:mount-control

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "host-hunspell" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:cups-control from snapd:cups-control

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "cups-control" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:etc-firefox from snapd:system-files

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "etc-firefox" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:joystick from snapd:joystick

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "joystick" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:browser-sandbox from snapd:browser-support

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "browser-sandbox" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:gtk-3-themes from gtk-common-themes:gtk-3-themes

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "gtk-3-themes" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:upower-observe from snapd:upower-observe

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "upower-observe" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:desktop-legacy from snapd:desktop-legacy

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "desktop-legacy" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:u2f-devices from snapd:u2f-devices

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "u2f-devices" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:gsettings from snapd:gsettings

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "gsettings" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:sound-themes from gtk-common-themes:sound-themes

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "sound-themes" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:x11 from snapd:x11

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "x11" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:audio-record from snapd:audio-record

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "audio-record" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:network from snapd:network

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "network" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:home from snapd:home

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "home" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:hardware-observe from snapd:hardware-observe

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "hardware-observe" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:screen-inhibit-control from snapd:screen-inhibit-control

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "screen-inhibit-control" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:avahi-observe from snapd:avahi-observe

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "avahi-observe" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:wayland from snapd:wayland

2025-12-02T09:56:34-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "wayland" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:camera from snapd:camera

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "camera" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:network-bind from snapd:network-bind

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "network-bind" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:gnome-42-2204 from gnome-42-2204:gnome-42-2204

2025-12-02T09:56:34-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "gnome-42-2204" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:timezone-control from snapd:timezone-control

2025-12-02T09:56:34-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "timezone-control" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:system-packages-doc from snapd:system-packages-doc

2025-12-02T09:56:34-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "system-packages-doc" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:unity7 from snapd:unity7

2025-12-02T09:56:34-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "unity7" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:removable-media from snapd:removable-media

2025-12-02T09:56:32-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "removable-media" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:opengl from snapd:opengl

2025-12-02T09:56:34-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "opengl" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:desktop from snapd:desktop

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "desktop" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:host-usr-share-hunspell from snapd:system-files

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "host-usr-share-hunspell" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:login-session-observe from snapd:login-session-observe

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "login-session-observe" plug

......................................................................
Disconnect firefox:audio-playback from snapd:audio-playback

2025-12-02T09:56:33-08:00 ERROR snap "firefox" has no "audio-playback" plug

I recognized I messed up, but how can I force snap to bypass this mess?

Randomly can't use sudo and lose internet access (Dell XPS 13 laptop with Ubuntu 20.04) [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560368/randomly-cant-use-sudo-and-lose-internet-access-dell-xps-13-laptop-with-ubuntu

My Dell XPS 13 laptop (Ubuntu 20.04) sometimes prevents me from using sudo (any sudo command hangs indefinitely) and loses internet access (it doesn’t even allow me to toggle Wi-Fi off and on). This happens essentially at random, and I haven’t been able to reproduce the issue "artificially".

It is usually "solved" by a hard reboot (i.e. pressing the power button, as of course I am not allowed to run sudo reboot, nor to reboot/shutdown from the Ubuntu interface).

I initially thought it was a power supply issue, but it happens both with and without the laptop being plugged to a power supply. I also recently replaced the laptop battery, but the problem did not go away (it happens more or less as often as before).

Another "suspect" is the network itself. I noticed these episodes occur when I am connected to eduroam. However I am an academic and I am connected to eduroam 8hrs./day so...

I am not as Ubuntu-savvy as I would like to be. Does anyone have any idea on which type of diagnostic I can run to understand what is causing this issue?

Ubuntu Automated installation YAML fails because of id https://askubuntu.com/questions/1560354/ubuntu-automated-installation-yaml-fails-because-of-id

As you know in Ubuntu "the autoinstall file uses the YAML format". I made my autoinstall file. Before using I want validate my file using instruction. My config failed validation but in fact I can use this wrong config to successfully pass validation using Ubuntu 24.04.3 Desktop Why I can't pass validation via script?

enter image description here

Validation log:

a@Linux:/tmp$ cd '/tmp' && git clone https://github.com/canonical/subiquity.git && cd subiquity/
a@Linux:/tmp/subiquity$ make install_deps
a@Linux:/tmp/subiquity$ wget 'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/AndreiCherniaev/f29d024b7c2bbbd59f39e2b66dfc2a04/raw/12b5377061c0134cad780d3d7bbe1a119ffd6c16/Cher0_1_ubuntu-deployment.yaml'
a@Linux:/tmp/subiquity$ SNAP=. ./scripts/validate-autoinstall-user-data.py --no-expect-cloudconfig -vvv '/tmp/subiquity/Cher0_1_ubuntu-deployment.yaml' 
start: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config: 
start: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config/read_config: 
finish: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config/read_config: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Reporting/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Reporting/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Integrity/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Integrity/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Error/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Error/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/core_validation: 
start: subiquity/core_validation/top_level_keys: 
finish: subiquity/core_validation/top_level_keys: SUCCESS: 
finish: subiquity/core_validation: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Early/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Early/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
finish: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config: 
start: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config/read_config: 
finish: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config/read_config: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Early/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Early/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Reporting/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Reporting/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Error/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Error/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Userdata/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Userdata/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Package/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Package/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Debconf/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Debconf/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Locale/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Locale/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Refresh/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Refresh/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Kernel/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Kernel/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/KernelCrashDumps/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/KernelCrashDumps/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Integrity/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Integrity/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Keyboard/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Keyboard/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Zdev/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Zdev/load_autoinstall_data: SUCCESS: 
start: subiquity/Source/load_autoinstall_data: 
finish: subiquity/Source/load_autoinstall_data: FAIL: 
finish: subiquity/load_autoinstall_config: FAIL: 

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/tmp/subiquity/./scripts/validate-autoinstall-user-data.py", line 171, in verify_autoinstall
    app.load_autoinstall_config(only_early=False, context=None)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/subiquity/scripts/../subiquitycore/context.py", line 159, in decorated_sync
    return meth(self, **kw)
  File "/tmp/subiquity/scripts/../subiquity/server/server.py", line 788, in load_autoinstall_config
    controller.setup_autoinstall()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "/tmp/subiquity/scripts/../subiquity/server/controller.py", line 93, in setup_autoinstall
    self.load_autoinstall_data(ai_data)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^
  File "/tmp/subiquity/scripts/../subiquity/server/controllers/source.py", line 112, in load_autoinstall_data
    self.model.current = self.model.get_matching_source(id)
                         ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^
  File "/tmp/subiquity/scripts/../subiquity/models/source.py", line 147, in get_matching_source
    raise KeyError
KeyError
Failure: The provided autoinstall config failed validation

My wrong Cher0_1_ubuntu-deployment.yaml

# Manual https://canonical-subiquity.readthedocs-hosted.com/en/latest/reference/autoinstall-reference.html
identity:
  hostname: ubuntu-desktop
  password: '$9$TThZwH2sYnfxdzIN$COsmkwowJBH.pYW/jpfhzcBsxSQ6.lrEygIGUQLDrJBsTBgT1gLnkspvttBmgKIJl6UGGSOv4cDfV4Hj0BqS9/'
  # There is password hash, use `mkpasswd --method=SHA-512`
  realname: q
  username: q
interactive-sections:
- storage
apt:
  preserve_sources_list: false
  mirror-selection:
    primary:
      - country-mirror
      - arches: [amd64]
        uri: "http://ko.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu"
    fallback: abort
    geoip: true
keyboard:
  layout: us
  toggle: null
  variant: ''
locale: en_US.UTF-8
refresh-installer:
  update: true
  channel: stable/ubuntu-25.04
source:
  id: ubuntu-desktop-minimal
  search_drivers: false
codecs:
  install: false
drivers:
  install: false
packages:
- tmux
storage:
  layout:
    name: lvm
    match:
      size: largest
ssh:
  allow-pw: true
  authorized-keys: []
  install-server: false
timezone: America/New_York
updates: all
late-commands:
- echo "alias upd='sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false -o Acquire::Check-Date=false update && sudo apt upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y'" >> "$HOME/.bash_aliases"
- echo "alias t='sudo apt-get -o Acquire::Check-Valid-Until=false -o Acquire::Check-Date=false update && sudo apt autoremove -y'" >> "$HOME/.bash_aliases"
version: 1
Ubuntu 24.04 RAID zero Raspberry Pi 5 https://askubuntu.com/questions/1559785/ubuntu-24-04-raid-zero-raspberry-pi-5

I'm going to ask a lot of questions in this post as I'm new to the Raspberry Pi and somewhat of a novice in Ubuntu. I'm going to use Raspberry Pi OS to create the raid 0 and I need some help on this with the steps, then I'm flashing Ubuntu to said RAID. I also want a better understanding of how the RAID zero works and how the hardware functions with the software. What sets the drive in RAID zero so that the OS can boot once flashed? By the way, I am using a hat. Does the Raspberry Pi have a so-called BIOS or what is the initial startup screen?

Edit: Sorry I'm having issues with what I believe is the power supply with the Pi. I suppose I could use Ubuntu to create the raid once I can get it booted into Ubuntu. It boots in raspberry Pi OS fine just not Ubuntu. If I use the third party power supply I have it boot loops before getting to the os. If I use my laptop to power and boot into Ubuntu it boots into Ubuntu but power cycles once I set up the wifi adapter. I'm waiting on the official power supply in the mail at the moment. And yes, the third-party power adapter does 5.1v at 5 amps.

Where it boot loops:

Where it boot loops

Progress: Trying boot mode NVME

usb_max_current_enable default 0 max-current 5000
Read bcm2712-rpi-5-b.dtb bytes      78100  hnd 0x33d
Read /config.txt bytes               1645  hnd 0x7e1
Read /config.txt bytes               1645  hnd 0x7e1
Read initrd.img bytes            62719588  hnd 0x33d
Read bcm2712-rpi-5-b.dtb bytes       5195  hnd 0x1ecce
Read /overlays/overlay_map.dt bytes  1491  hnd 0x1e741
Read /overlays/bcm2712d0.dtbo bytes   409  hnd 0x1ed2f
Read /overlays/hat_map.dtbo bytes     409  hnd 0x1ed2f
Read /config.txt bytes               1645  hnd 0x7e1
/overlays/sunfounder-pironman5.dtbo
Read /overlays/vc4-kms-v3d-pi5.dtbo bytes   3330  hnd 0x1ef29
Read /overlays/dwc2.dtbo bytes        801  hnd 0x1e85a
Read /cmdline.txt bytes               170  hnd 0x7e0
fs_open: 'armstub8-2712.bin'
Read vmlinuz bytes                12427790 hnd 0x2a939

Yes, I flashed one of the NVMe drives with Ubuntu in Pi OS NOT raid zero yet. I'm using a USB drive to boot into Pi OS, but can use Ubuntu once I can get it booted in Ubuntu. Now I can't boot into the Pi is due to the boot order. I can install an OS on an SD card, but I'm putting a hold on this project until I get the power supply in the mail.

Here's some more information I found on Google: The Raspberry Pi doesn't use a traditional BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) like a conventional PC. Instead, its boot process relies on a sequence of bootloaders and firmware executed by the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which handles initialization before the ARM CPU takes over. ⚙️ Raspberry Pi Boot Sequence

  • Initial Boot ROM: When powered on, the ARM CPU is off, and the GPU starts executing the first-stage bootloader stored in the on-chip ROM (Read-Only Memory). This code is hardwired and non-modifiable by the user.
  • SD Card or EEPROM: The ROM code's main job is to enable access to the boot media.
    • On older models (Pi 1-3), it reads the second-stage bootloader (bootcode.bin) from the SD card.
    • On newer models (Pi 4, 5), it executes a bootloader stored in the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory), which then accesses the SD card or other boot devices. The EEPROM is what most closely resembles a configurable "BIOS" on these newer models, allowing for boot order changes.
  • GPU Firmware: The bootloader loads the GPU firmware (usually *start.elf files) into memory and runs it. This is the third stage and does the bulk of the system initialization, including:
    • Enabling the SDRAM (main memory).
    • Reading configuration parameters from the config.txt file on the boot partition, which acts as the main non-volatile configuration method (the equivalent of changing settings in a PC BIOS menu).
  • Kernel Handover: Finally, the firmware loads the OS kernel image (kernel*.img) and any associated files (like cmdline.txt) into RAM, releases the ARM CPU from reset, and starts its execution, beginning the OS boot. In summary, the config.txt file and, on modern Pis, the EEPROM bootloader, provide the configuration capabilities that a traditional BIOS would on a PC.

Some more: The Raspberry Pi's boot process is unique because the GPU initiates the boot sequence, not the ARM CPU.

Stage 1 (ROM): When powered on, the ARM core is off, and the GPU runs a proprietary first-stage bootloader from its internal ROM. Stage 2 (SD Card/EEPROM): This bootloader finds the boot partition on the SD card (or EEPROM on Pi 4) and loads the second-stage bootloader (like bootcode.bin or a newer sequence) into the GPU's memory. Stage 3 (Firmware): The second-stage loader enables SDRAM and loads the GPU firmware (e.g., start*.elf), which initializes the system hardware. Kernel Handover: The GPU firmware then reads files like config.txt and loads the Linux kernel image (kernel*.img) into RAM. Finally, it releases the ARM core from reset and points it to the kernel's entry point, which takes over to run the operating system.

Some more information that I found. I'm going to try this in the next couple days:

You typically create a RAID 0 array on a Raspberry Pi 5 running Ubuntu using mdadm for software RAID, which requires two or more storage devices (like SSDs via the Pi's PCIe slot or USB). Steps to create RAID 0:

  • Install mdadm: Install the RAID management utility.

    sudo apt update && sudo apt install mdadm

  • Identify Drives: Use lsblk to find the device names (e.g., /dev/sda1, /dev/sdb1) you want to use for the RAID array. Ensure they are unmounted and partitioned correctly (type fd for Linux RAID autodetect).
  • Create RAID 0 Array: Use mdadm to create the striped array (-level=0).

    sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1 (Replace /dev/sda1 and /dev/sdb1 with your partition names and change --raid-devices if using more than two).

  • Format Array: Create a filesystem on the new RAID device (e.g., ext4 or f2fs).

    sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0

  • Save Configuration and Mount: Save the array configuration and set up a mount point.

    sudo mkdir /mnt/raid0 sudo mount /dev/md0 /mnt/raid0 sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

  • Update initramfs: This is often needed to ensure the RAID is detected properly on boot.

    sudo update-initramfs -u

Caution: RAID 0 provides no redundancy; if one drive fails, you lose all data in the array.

Some more things I'm going to be doing: To overclock your Raspberry Pi 5 to 3.0 GHz on Ubuntu, you need to edit the boot configuration file to adjust the CPU frequency and potentially the voltage. ⚠️ Prerequisites & Warning

  • Cooling is Essential: Running at 3.0 GHz will generate significantly more heat. You must use an effective active cooling solution (e.g., the official Active Cooler or a comparable third-party solution). Overheating can cause throttling, instability, or permanent damage.

  • Power Supply: Use the Official Raspberry Pi 5V 5A USB-C Power Supply to ensure sufficient power delivery.

  • Warranty: Overclocking your Raspberry Pi may void your warranty. Overclocking Steps

  • Edit the Configuration File: Open the config.txt file in your terminal using a text editor like nano: sudo nano /boot/firmware/config.txt

  • Add Overclocking Parameters: Scroll to the end of the file and add the following lines. The arm_freq sets the CPU clock speed to 3000 MHz (3.0 GHz). You may also want to increase the GPU frequency (gpu_freq).

    Overclock settings for 3.0 GHz (Requires Active Cooling)

arm_freq=3000 gpu_freq=1000 over_voltage_delta=50000

  • arm_freq=3000: Sets the CPU frequency to 3000 MHz (3.0 GHz).
  • gpu_freq=1000: Sets the GPU frequency to 1000 MHz (1.0 GHz), up from the default 910 MHz.
  • over_voltage_delta=50000: Optional but often necessary for stability at 3.0 GHz, this increases the dynamic voltage by 50,000 microvolts (0.05V). Start without it first; if the system is unstable, add this line. Avoid the older over_voltage parameter as over_voltage_delta is recommended.
  • Save and Exit:
    • Press Ctrl+X
    • Press Y to confirm saving.
    • Press Enter to confirm the filename.
  • Reboot: Reboot your Raspberry Pi for the changes to take effect: sudo reboot

Verification and Testing

  • Check Clock Speed: After rebooting, verify the clock speed in the terminal: vcgencmd measure_clock arm

    The output should show a frequency close to or at 3000000000 (3.0 GHz) when the CPU is under load.

  • Test Stability: Run a stress test (like stress-ng) for a long period to check for stability and monitor the temperature. If the system crashes or becomes unstable, you may need to:

    • Increase over_voltage_delta (in small increments, e.g., 5000 to 10000 \mu V at a time).
    • Lower the arm_freq to 2900 or 2800.
    • Improve your cooling.

Stress testing: The most common way to stress test your Raspberry Pi 5 running Ubuntu is by using the stress or stress-ng utility, often paired with s-tui for real-time monitoring. Stress Test Steps

  • Install the Stress and Monitoring Tools: Open a terminal and run: sudo apt update sudo apt install stress s-tui

  • Start the Monitor: Start the terminal-based monitoring tool: s-tui

    This tool allows you to see the CPU utilization, temperature, and frequency in real-time.

  • Run the Stress Test: While s-tui is running, navigate to the Stress mode within the application (usually by pressing the arrow keys and then the spacebar or Enter). This will initiate a full-load test on the CPU using the stress package. Alternatively, you can run a stress test directly from a separate terminal window, for example, to stress all 4 CPU cores for 60 seconds: stress --cpu 4 --timeout 60s

    • --cpu N: Creates N workers stressing the CPU with square root calculations (use 4 for RPi 5's main cores).
    • --timeout S: Runs the test for S seconds. ⚠️ Important Notes
  • Cooling: Ensure your Raspberry Pi 5 has adequate cooling (fan/heatsink) before running stress tests, as the temperature will rise quickly. The system will throttle performance around 85^\circ\text{C} to prevent damage.

  • Monitoring: Keep a close eye on the temperature in s-tui to ensure it doesn't get too high for your cooling setup.

  • Other Tools: You can also install stress-ng (sudo apt install stress-ng) for more complex stress options, or use a script combined with vcgencmd measure_temp to log temperature and throttling status

How do I temporarily prevent snap from downloading anything? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1559015/how-do-i-temporarily-prevent-snap-from-downloading-anything

Imagine I'm on a bad connection. Suddently snapd flares up and starts downloading hundred of megabytes of updates I don't need right now.

It does not bother to announce it, even though system notifications exist - I discover that via iotop. The question is - how do I tell snap to never download anything until further notice?

It seems to be hostile to the idea, to the extent that systemctl stop snapd hangs - it clearly considers its desire to saturate my internet connection is paramount to me wanting it to stop right now as a super user.

Existing answers circle around stopping and masking the service, but the problem is, firefox cannot do most file operations when snapd is offline, and won't even start if snapd is not running.

So the question is, how to tell snapd to stop auto-updating via network without getting rid of it completely? I also know there is --hold, but the problem is, I neither know nor care what specific package is it going to download.

qpdfview doesn't remember the pdfs opened in last boot, how do I make it possible? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1425547/qpdfview-doesnt-remember-the-pdfs-opened-in-last-boot-how-do-i-make-it-possibl

Answer

I read the above answer and did the exact same thing. My needs are exactly the same as that OP. But when I rebooted my laptop, it showed none of the pdfs that I opened in last boot.

How do I make it possible? Is there a way?

btw, I'm on ubuntu.

I'm absolute linux beginner, so I'd love some guidance on how to install anything.

Why didn't I use chrome viewer?

Because chrome scrolling absolutely sucks in linux (even after doing everything like getting extension, getting imwheel etc). I tried chromium linux browser, it sucked as well for my purpose.

Why didn't I use firefox?

Its pdf reader was really great. But when I'd reboot and open firefox,this happened:

File not found

Firefox can’t find the file at /media/username/2A84B1604F54EF23/myfolder/myfile/mytopic/mysubtopic/mybookname.pdf.

Check the file name for capitalization or other typing errors. Check to see if the file was moved, renamed or deleted.

Ofc, Neither the name is error, nor the file has been moved. That’s why I’m asking the question.

I tried the fixes for everything (chrome+firefox) in askubuntu.com. It didn't work.

Edit:

I saw this Answer. I'd try this out. But I'd be happy with updated answers(even if they're on that post itself).

I tried to install mupdf using terminal, it didn't work (even though it kind of told it succeed).

I followed this article

Looks like this is command based, I don't want that hassle. I just want a normal pdf viewer.

Ubuntu 22.04 - Kernel Panic - not syncing: No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel https://askubuntu.com/questions/1418614/ubuntu-22-04-kernel-panic-not-syncing-no-working-init-found-try-passing-in

Eror msg: Kernel Panic - not syncing: No working init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.

I installed Ubuntu MATE 22.04, successfully. However once I cold or warm boot, the system fails to do so and gives the above message. Re-installation of same OS gives the same result as does installing recent releases of Kali and Debian.

I have re-formatted EFI, /Boot and / with each re-install.

What do I do?

equip HP h8-1435/2AD5, BIOS 8.11 10/23/2012 Kingston SSD UV500

partitions sda1 EFI 135mb sda2 /Boot 400mb sda4 / 250gb sda3 /Home 330gb

Use existing network in docker-compose: service 'networks' must be a mapping not an array https://askubuntu.com/questions/1417196/use-existing-network-in-docker-compose-service-networks-must-be-a-mapping-not

I want to use the existing network "nextcloudpi":

$ sudo docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                               DRIVER    SCOPE
bc60ac79af99   bridge                             bridge    local
e374ccc22ff4   host                               host      local
6822ac7b54c6   ncp_reverse_proxy_bc_nextcloudpi   bridge    local
dc749eca4598   ncp_reverse_proxy_nextcloudpi      bridge    local
6a83b3f6e623   nextcloudpi                        bridge    local
eeb4fc6c4f16   none                               null      local
79949d81c193   overleaf_default                   bridge    local

I get the error:

In file './docker-compose.yml', service 'networks' must be a mapping not an array

version: '2.2'


networks:
  nextcloudpi:
    external: true


services:
    sharelatex:
        restart: always
        # Server Pro users:
        # image: quay.io/sharelatex/sharelatex-pro
        image: sharelatex/sharelatex
        container_name: sharelatex
        depends_on:
            mongo:
                condition: service_healthy
            redis:
                condition: service_started
        ports:
            - 83:80
        links:
            - mongo
            - redis
        networks:
           - nextcloudpi
Bootloader installation failed https://askubuntu.com/questions/1399655/bootloader-installation-failed

I was trying to install Ubuntu Studio 21.10 as my second OS. Cleaned the hard drive, created bootable USB disk. Booted it up and began to install Ubuntu. At the end the installation program said this:

Installation Failed Bootloader installation error The bootloader could not be installed. The installation command grub-install --target-i386pc --recheck --force /dev/sda returned code 1.

I don't know if this will help, but when I was creating a USB disk, Rufus said that version of grub required for this distro is 2.04 but I have 2.06.

How can I run complex piped commands in Autoinstall / Cloud-Init? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1390768/how-can-i-run-complex-piped-commands-in-autoinstall-cloud-init

In either cloud-init user-data runcmd, or in autoinstall late-commands, I need to essentially run this command as part of a Clevis + Tang initialization for a LUKS encrypted volume:

echo '<secret>' | clevis luks bind -d /dev/sda2 tang '{"url": "http://<ip-tangserver>" , "adv": "/tmp/adv.jws" }'

The problem is, I'm having a hard time determining if this is actually possible using either runcmd or late-commands, and if so, how I can do this in a YAML-compliant way, eg:

runcmd:
  - echo 'some-luks-temp-passwd' | clevis luks bind -d /dev/vda3 tang '{"url": "http://192.168.122.150" , "adv": "/tmp/adv.jws" }'

Enclosing the entire string above doesn't seem to work either, yamllint still shows a syntax error:

runcmd:
  - "echo 'some-luks-temp-passwd' | clevis luks bind -d /dev/vda3 tang '{"url": "http://192.168.122.150" , "adv": "/tmp/adv.jws" }'"

Thanks!

How to check what graphics driver is currently loaded? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1372885/how-to-check-what-graphics-driver-is-currently-loaded

Nvidia and Nouveau don't play well together, and I'm currently trying to set up my system where I have both installed and can choose which drivers to use at boot (by blacklisting the other one). Currently I have quite a few settings in my .bash_profile that are specific to the Nvidia drivers.

I was wondering how to tell what drivers are in use.

What does 'snap "opera" has "remove-snap" change in progress' mean and how do I stop it? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1336399/what-does-snap-opera-has-remove-snap-change-in-progress-mean-and-how-do-i

I am using Ubuntu 18.04 and the following message is showing after I tried to delete the Opera browser from my device:

status code=409,kind=snap-change-conflict message=snap"opera" has "opera" has "remove-snap" change in progress
sh: 1: python: not found when execute python script from php https://askubuntu.com/questions/1288798/sh-1-python-not-found-when-execute-python-script-from-php

I'm tring to execute a python script call from php with the command below:

$output = shell_exec('python /var/www/html/sna/server/userManagement.py '. $user.' '. $pass .' \''.$action.'\' 2>&1');

But when I execute it I get this

sh: 1: python: not found 

But python is correctly installed in my env.

If I digit

type -a python 

I get the path of python in this env like below

python is /home/leonardo/miniconda2/envs/sna/bin/python

At the very beginning of the python script I have include

#!/usr/bin/env python

But I recieve always the same error. How can I solve ?

gnome 'focus-new-windows: strict' not working in one situation https://askubuntu.com/questions/1205036/gnome-focus-new-windows-strict-not-working-in-one-situation

On ubuntu 18.04.3, gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-new-windows 'strict' does not work if I open a CSV file from a web browser and an instance of LibreOffice is already open. Here is a step-by-step of what happens:

  1. I open an instance of LibreOffice Calc Version: 6.0.7.3 (or any instance of LibreOffice [Writer|Calc|Draw|Impress]).
  2. I open an instance of firefox version 72.0.1 (64-bit).
  3. In firefox, I load a web page that displays a link to a remote CSV file.
  4. I click on the link to download/open the CSV file.
  5. A pop-up displays, prompting me to do either of the following:

    • Open with LibreOffic Calc (default)
    • Save File the CSV file.
  6. I select Open with and nothing seems to happen (WHY?). I expected an instance of LibreOffice Calc to become the active window over the Firefox web page I was on, but it did not.

  7. I [Alt]+[Tab] to the pre-existing open instance of LibreOffice Calc and there is a pop-up dialogue prompting me to indicate what encoding to open the CSV file in. So, it seems a new instance of LibreOffice Calc opened for the CSV, but it is tied to the other, pre-existing instance of LibreOffice and, therefore, it does NOT steal the focus.

However, if do NOT have any instance of LibreOffice open and go through steps 2 through 6, then the strict does work (GOOD), meaning that an instance of LibreOffice Calc opens and steals focus.

So, why does strict not work if an instance of LibreOffice is already open and I open another instance from a web browser?

UPDATE: 2020-01-23 I recently learned that the two modes for a window are:

  • raise = raises a window to the top of a window stack (moves it to the front of the display)
  • focus (or active) = The window to which input is directed.

I also changed some gsettings and now it seems that gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-new-windows 'strict' does not behave according to my statements before this update. Instead, it seems that gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-new-windows 'smart' is the setting that raises and focuses the new window.

Here are my current gsettings...

$gsettings list-recursively | grep 'raise\|focus' | grep pref
org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-new-windows 'smart'
org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences raise-on-click true
org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences auto-raise true
org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences focus-mode 'click'

And here are the results of my tests in terminal (opening gedit and also [Ctrl]+[Alt]+[T]) and nautilus (opening a CSV file in the file manager) to know whether the respective new windows are raised and/or focused...

-if org.gnome.desktop.wm.focus-new-windows=smart
    *In terminal, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does raise (GOOD).
    *In terminal, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does focus (GOOD).
    *In terminal, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does raise (GOOD).
    *In terminal, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does focus (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does raise (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does focus (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does raise (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does NOT focus (BAD). <---- I WANT THIS TO FOCUS.

-if org.gnome.desktop.wm.focus-new-windows=strict
    *In terminal, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does NOT raise (BAD).
    *In terminal, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does NOT focus (BAD).
    *In terminal, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does NOT raise (BAD).
    *In terminal, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does NOT focus (BAD).
    *In nautilus, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does raise (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is NOT a pre-existing window, then the new window does focus (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does raise (GOOD).
    *In nautilus, if there is a pre-existing window, then the new window does NOT focus (BAD).

It seems that the smart value gives the closest desired behavior, except if there is a pre-existing window (e.g., LibreOffice is already open), then the new window is raised (GOOD) but not focused (BAD). How can I focus the new window?

UPDATE 2020-02-22


One workaround that seems to work a little better is to make the following settings...

focus-mode='sloppy'
focus-new-windows='strict'

...Which will raise the window and, ONLY IF the mouse is already in the new window, then focus the window. The problem is if the window is raised and the mouse is not already in the new window, then the window is not focused.

The ideal situation would be for the new window to raise and focus, regardless of the mouse location.

Hp elitebook 840 G3 Keyboard backlight not detected https://askubuntu.com/questions/1188765/hp-elitebook-840-g3-keyboard-backlight-not-detected

I'm having issues with an HP elitebook 840 G3. I cannot access information regarding the keyboard back light on Ubuntu 18.04

My keyboard back light works normally (with pressing Fn and F3), that's not the issue, issue is being not able to read back light level from software.

I looked at /sys/class/leds/ and there was nothing that could be keyboard backlight, there were only:

_hp::hddprotect_
_input3::capslock_
_input3::numlock_
_input3::scrolllock_
_phy0-led_ 

Can anyone help me understand where that device might be located so I could read data about it? In order to be sure the keyboard has back light and view/control its brightness level?

wine DirectX diagnostics (dxdiag) on completely fresh WINE prefix is not showing any window - is it expected? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1069872/wine-directx-diagnostics-dxdiag-on-completely-fresh-wine-prefix-is-not-showing

When I create completely new wine prefix:

WINEPREFIX="$HOME/fresh" wine wineboot

and try to run dxiag on it:

WINEPREFIX="$HOME/fresh" wine dxdiag

I see only an error in the console:

0009:err:winediag:MIDIMAP_drvOpen No software synthesizer midi port found, Midi sound output probably won't work.

but no window appears.

Problem (? or is it expected?) exists on both 32 and 64 wine prefixes. I use wine-3.0 (Ubuntu 3.0-1ubuntu1).

Spyder Anaconda - select Python interpreter https://askubuntu.com/questions/1013200/spyder-anaconda-select-python-interpreter

I have installed Anaconda (x64 Linux) and I am running its Python 3.

When I type which python, I get

/home/hinckelbc/anaconda3/bin/python

Now to display the version, I type python -V, and I get

Python 3.6.4 :: Anaconda, Inc.

Which is normal, since I am running Python 3 from Anaconda

If I launch Spyder from the terminal by simply typing spyder, it will launch and I see that the Python interpreter is indeed the Python 3 from Anaconda, as shown below:

Python 3.6.4 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jan 16 2018, 18:10:19)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 6.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.

!which python
/home/hinckelbc/anaconda3/bin/python

! python -V
Python 3.6.4 :: Anaconda, Inc.

The Spyder running on my machine is the following:

hinckelbc@BCArg:~$ which spyder
/home/hinckelbc/anaconda3/bin/spyder

In order to avoid opening the terminal all the time and typing spyder, I have created the following spyder.desktop file ~/.local/share/applications/spyder.desktop, which looks like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Spyder
Exec=/home/hinckelbc/anaconda3/bin/spyder
Icon=/home/hinckelbc/anaconda3/pkgs/spyder-3.2.6-py36_0/info/icon.png
Terminal=false

I then could find Spyder with the Super key, which was then added to by launcher, by dragging and dropping (Gnome 3, Ubuntu 17.10)

However, when I open Spyder by clicking on the icon, now on my favorites, I get:

Python 3.6.4 |Anaconda, Inc.| (default, Jan 16 2018, 18:10:19)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 6.2.1 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.

! which python
/usr/bin/python

! python -V
Python 2.7.14

Which does not agree with the python interpreter I set manually on Spyder, as shown below:

Spyder preferences screenshot

Does anyone know how to solve this, i.e. to get Python 3 running on Spyder with the desktop icon I have created and added to my favourites?

bluetooth headset: connect/disconnect problems https://askubuntu.com/questions/900041/bluetooth-headset-connect-disconnect-problems

How to change from cellphone to desktop without having to pair everything every time?

Every time I disconnect the device, toggling to off the connection toggle, if I try to toggle it back to on again there's no sound coming out.

I can get a very dirty sound if I go to sound settings and set the mode to HSP/HFP, but then if I try to come back to High Fidelity (Sink), the app jumps to the speakers output. So I'm trapped in either no sound or very dirty sound.

The only way out is delete the previous pairing and pairing it up again.

If I don't toggle of connection, I cannot pair it with my android.

Tried it with blueman, but didn't seem of much help.

Thanks a lot in advance!

CPU usage per user https://askubuntu.com/questions/808052/cpu-usage-per-user

When I type lscpu I can read of the number of CPUs on our server (56). We are a few people working on this server and I would like to see how many CPU's are being used per user.

When I run top I can see the total usage per process, is there a way to group it per user? I have a feeling that one user is invoking so many CPU's in her program that it slows down my jobs.

How to stop Ubuntu from talking to me? https://askubuntu.com/questions/378223/how-to-stop-ubuntu-from-talking-to-me

The title may sound silly, but on Ubuntu 13.10, I'm getting frequent audible notifications using text to speech.

Is this the "speech dispatcher" and how can I disable it?

How to check Internet Speed via Terminal? https://askubuntu.com/questions/104755/how-to-check-internet-speed-via-terminal

Instead of going to sites like speedtest.net, I want to check my current Internet speed from the terminal on Ubuntu. How can I do it?