I would like to install Ubuntu 25.10 as the exclusive OS on a old MacBook and would like to use macOS-style keyboard shortcuts — for example Command+C for copy, Command+V for paste, and Command+Tab to switch apps. Is there a way to make the Command (⌘) key behave like Ctrl system-wide in Ubuntu? Ideally a simple solution that works across all applications.

I did a manual partitioning of kubuntu on two 2tb nvme drives with swap, efi and storage mounted on root on one and the other is entirely mounted on /home just for games; I tried to boot into the drive and got sent to grub and am unsure how to get out of it.

Things I tried:

I tried chainloading (hd1,gpt2)/efi/boot/bootx64.efi which didn't work and I can no longer exit from grub as shown. Tried searching for a grub file based off the answer to this question here: Stuck at GRUB command line

Safe to say I did not find any grub file in the efi partition and every other one I could look through I have encrypted at the moment. I didn't want to do a forced shutdown in fear I might break things even more so I stopped it here to ask. What do I do?

I've been unable to enable to enable duplex printing on an HP LaserJet Pro MFP M130nw printer on a computer running Ubuntu 24.04 after reinstalling hplip (hplip-3.25.8).

This related answer states:

If you don't even have the "HPOption_Duplexer" option (e.g., lpoptions -l | fgrep -c Duplexer prints 0), then:

1. either you have the incorrect printer description file configured (the so-called PPD),

2. or you didn't check the "Duplex printing" option in the printer capabilities section.

To solve 1., the quickest path is probably to re-install the printer and choose the correct make/model combination.

To address 2., just open System -> Administration -> Printers, right-click on your printer and choose "Properties", then click on "Installed options" in the left pane and finally check the "Duplex printing" box on the right.

When I run:

lpoptions -l | fgrep -c Duplexer

It indeed prints 0.

I'm unable to implement the second solution, since System -> Administration -> Printers, right-click on your printer and choose "Properties", doesn't show me "Installed options" in the left pane.

As far as the first solution, I tried using hp-setup with the default options, but the problem persists.

I also tried updating the drivers as recommended in this answer. However, when I click Printers -> Select Printer -> Printer -> Properties -> Make and Model (HP LaserJet MFP m129-m134, hpcups 3.25.8) -> Change -> Choose Driver, and I select "Search for a printer driver to download, with the make and model listed as "HP LaserJet MFP m129-m134" and I click 'Search', the result in "Printer model" is "no matches found."

If, instead, in "Choose Driver", I click "Select Printer from Database", click "Forward" with the default selection of HP, click forward with the default selection of "LaserJet MFP m129-m134" for 'Models' and 'HP LaserJet MFP m129-m134, hpcups 3.25.8' for "Drivers", I get "Existing Settings" with the option to use the new PDD or try to copy the option settings from the old PDD. Neither one of these two options resolve the issue.

Relatedly, in Settings -> Printers, when I select the printer and click "printer details" and click "search for drivers," it says "No suitable driver found". It does give me the option to select drivers from a database, although I'm not sure which one(s) I'd need for this.

I also tried implementing some of the solutions listed here. Specifically, when I ran hp-check -t, it said "no errors or warnings", although it also said:

warning: Failed to read /etc/cups/ppd/HP_LaserJet_MFP_M129-M134_fax.ppd ppd file
PPD Description: 

I also tried using http://localhost:631/ but that didn't work.

Specifically, I navigated to it, clicked 'Printers', selected the printer, then under 'Maintenance' selected 'Set default options', but didn't see any "Options Installed" field, where I could select: Duplexer -> installed.

While I mostly tried printing from LibreOffice, the double-sided option doesn't seem available in a browser, either.

The printer, itself, is definitely capable of double-sided printing, and has done so from Windows. To clarify, the double-sided printing I have in mind would necessitate manually reloading, but I don't see the option for that.

As in the title. I'm trying to get two snap packages updated, but the Updates report is apparently very stuck.

I can't actually remember the icon/button I clicked in the "Updates" tab to start the Check for Updates, because the process is apparently still running and won't stop.

Sequence of events:

1. Clicked on header (with date/time) which reported "[list of 3 snap softwares] are ready to update; exit [list] for updates"
2. Exited one of the programs and it got updated.
3. Of the other two, one was not running, and one was.
4. I clicked the "down-arrow" on the updates required notice (which now only lists the two) and clicked on the "show updates" which popped up the "Ubuntu Software" window with its "Explore" "Installed" "Updates" tabs.
5. Clicked on the Updates tab; selected "Check for Updates" or something like that above the list of [two] programs.
6. Top left of window has spinning icon in front of "Checking..." message and nothing seems to stop it; apparent "stop" button? (Black square to the left of spinning icon) does nothing; Closing (Clicking "x" icon in top right of heading) window does nothing.

I can't figure out what actual program is running. The only .desktop files I can find associated with software and/or updates (e.g. /snap/snap-store/[version]/ubuntu-software-service.desktop, meta/gui/ubuntu-software-local-file.desktop, meta/gui/ubuntu-software.desktop, meta/gui/show-updates.desktop, etc.) info don't seem to have an identifiable process attached. (ps -ef | grep -Ei '(software|update)' | less) show a kworker/R-hfi-update, which seems irrelevant.

I'm currently using Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS.

Roblox doesn't run on virtual machines.

Roblox is incompatible with Wine.

Is there any way I can access Roblox from Ubuntu?

Thanks in advance.

Complete beginner here....I have a 2013 Macbook Air with i7 processor (this model https://everymac.com/systems/apple/macbook-air/specs/macbook-air-core-i7-1.7-13-mid-2013-specs.html ) and I'm wondering if I can run the latest Ubuntu on it (mainly if possible just to be able to keep this old mac going, and use Ubuntu Studio for some basic recording, video, etc). Processor is 1.7 ghz, but says with turbo boost up 3.0 ghz....

Computer is obsolete as far as Mac os updates goes

If the latest Ubuntu cannot run on it, is there an older version I can install and is it worth it?

Any help appreciated, thanks

I have a new 8GB RAM laptop where I installed Ubuntu 24.04 but when I start to resume from suspend I got a black screen and I managed somehow to get the screen that trying to resume was displaying lots of errors related to systemd-journald failed to write entry... I don't seem to have a swap file/partition (at least is not there when I use the top command) but /etc/fstab has is:

/dev/disk/by-uuid/<uuid> / ext4 defaults 0 1
/dev/disk/by-uuid/1EA5-F7DE /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
/swap.img none swap sw 0 0

Any clue ?

i just want to add new resolutions as 1920x1080 and it brought out error

X Error of failed request:  BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
  Major opcode of failed request:  139 (RANDR)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  21 (RRSetCrtcConfig)
  Value in failed request:  0x0
  Serial number of failed request:  22
  Current serial number in output stream:  22

after trying to release-upgrade from 22.04. to 24.04 I ended up with a half stuck installation and the error

Could not calculate the upgrade 

An unresolvable problem occurred while calculating the upgrade. 

The package 'update-manager' is marked for removal but it is in the 
removal deny list. 

There were some rounds of dist-upgrades going on before but not-suspecting evil I did those only with half an eye on it.

Some googling and thinking came to the conclusion that it might be about the pipewire and gstreamer installation I did some time ago which would introduce unofficial packages from https://ppa.launchpadcontent.net/savoury1/multimedia/ubuntu

This might have broke some dependencies or installed newer version of some packages which now leave me in dependency hell. So here I am on 22.04.5 with pulseaudio service being dead, pipewire dead and pipewire-pulse throwing errors.

I already checked some stuff but to be honest pretty unsystematically, always hoping for the best. For ex. looked for update-manager dependencies (ubuntu desktop!?) and reinstalled those/tried to downgrade, tried reinstalling update-manager itself and so on ..

I'd be super happy if someone could guide me with some info on how this upgrade process actually works and where to look for better clues on which packages I shall check and modify! I am not clear on to rather dive into the system packages belonging to update-manager or going down the pipewire-route. Also -

Thanks in advance!

I feel like this question has been asked but not all together like this. I have a decent computer: i7 5820K, Gigabyte X99-SLI with 64GB DDR4 RAM, M.2 500GB for OS drive and several 4TB SATA Ironwolf drives to decide what to do with. 4TB is more than enough to house all my media, as well as all my email, files, photos, etc. (right now anyway).

I intend to use the computer as my house's main media server, storing the media locally on one or more of those 4TB drives. As I research RAID options (mdadm, ZFS, BTRFS) I find the most convincing advice going around is don't bother with RAID and instead focus on 3-2-1 backups. But then this leaves a void in my head for how best to do (whatever else instead of RAID).

For my 1 off-site backup - I'll be using either OneDrive (M365 Family) or Google Drive (Google One 2TB tier right now), currently these are where my important files, email, and photos live. So I just need my 2 copies in my house, and the goal is to get my photos out of Google eventually, back them up to OneDrive, from wherever they sit with Immich at home. I won't be able to afford a 3rd backup location for my media (movies/shows/music).

So, for my other 2 copies in the 3-2-1 backup solution, I plan to have my home media server as the original copy location, and am thinking about a NAS for the backup copy of all things on the media server.

With all of that backstory out of the way, I wonder if I could please get some guidance for how to configure the drives both in the home media server (Ubuntu LTS) and the NAS (undecided but I'm leaning towards something like UGREEN 2 or 4 bay). 4TB hard drives are CAD $140 right now, so I'm OK with buying enough to have 4 in a NAS and 2-4 in the computer. In the end, once this is operational, I will likely invite my parents to do backups to my NAS, so surely storage quantity needs will go up some.

Thanks in advance.

PS. To cover it off, I have considered getting a NAS that can be the media server, but I feel like that's less fun as I want to install the things in Ubuntu, and by having both the server and the NAS, this gets me my two copies of things to honor the 3-2-1 backups necessity. But anything you spot here that is wrong about my understanding/angle on this, feel free to critique.

I have recently installed Ubuntu 24.04 as a dual boot with Windows 10. Then I upgraded my graphics card and I can't open Ubuntu. All I get is a dual BSOD.

Hardware:

   16GB RAM
   AMD Ryzen 5 1600 6 Core
   Nvidia RTX 5060 8Gb replacing an Nvidia 1060
   Dual screen

Each instance runs on a separate SSD

The 5060 works fine in Windows

If I start it in straight mode in Ubuntu the dual fans go mad and neither screen works If I start it in safe mode (with nomodeset) the fans stay quiet but the dual BSOD remain.

I tried reinstalling the 1060 and updating the drivers to 570, but that does nothing n.b. I have no meaningful access after opening the boot sequence although I can change the grub file.

Edited* I recently purchased a nice quiet Keychron K2 HE keyboard because I am learning Linux/Ubuntu and spend a lot of time typing. I was told that the Keychron K2 HE was a good choice by a rep at my local tech store. I did specifically mention I was purchasing it for use with Ubuntu 24.04.3 I was told that they work really well. HOWEVER.. Once I tried to set it up I was VERY disappointed that I could not connect the most basic of interfaces straight away. Especially after my conversation with the Store rep. I can use it with the wire attached, but I purchased a Bluetooth keyboard for a reason. Also It does work fine on my Win11 OS computer. I have tried using some command line to verify that the Bluetooth is enabled and running. It is running in dual mode, however I did try to run Legacy only and switched it back and forth to see if I could get it to run. NO GO. I also tried the dongle that comes in the package and it doesn't seem to work either. When I try to pair it tells me it failed to pair. Grok Ai told me that it is because of the sampling frequency of the keyboard but I tried to hook up with both 'types' of Bluetooth. In my search I could find very little helpful information to overcome this issue.

Edit I see now that the bluetooth firmware is not correct. IMC networks bluetooth module (realtek) is known to fail HID-over-GATT (HOGP) on Ubuntu 24.04 so it needs to be updated.

using "lockscreen extension" to customize my lock screen - looks and runs GREAT with Linux 6.8.0-85-generic kernel, but every other kernel since then (6.8.0-86, 6.8.0-87, and latest 6.8.0-88) restoring goes to the grub-customizer fancy login screen instead (bummer) ~ WHY?

All the newer kernels do fine resuming from suspend and going to my fancy lock screen, just restoring using them has this weird 'BUG'.

The other 'BUG' these newer kernels seem to be afflicted with is when restoring, my USB wifi gets rerouted (from router) to the one my PCI wifi uses (an extender) - normally this only happens upon initial boot, even with my favorite Linux 6.8.0-85-generic kernel. But upon restoring it stays with router... but not with newer kernels that reroute it to the extender :-\ They do fine leaving it alone resuming...

assumed it would be understood based on kernels used 24.04lts and kernels are indicated above... 'flavor'? like wayland? Other kernels that 'worked well' was 6.8.0-53, 6.8.0-79 and 6.8.0-84 - no issues with those...

I read askubuntu.com/help/how-to-ask and took the tour - so, couldn't find anything 'violated'... what gives? ...such zeal to close ~ wow!

should I just use forum.linuxconfig.org instead of askubuntu?

I have Thunderbird 140 and I cannot send or receive mail. I have wiped the computer 3 times and each time it sends and receives about 3 times and then just stops. I have a Intel i7 with 1TB storage and 16GB memory. I tried Evolution, but that wouldn't work either.

I have Ububtu 2403.LTS which came with Thunderbird. I didn't get any e-mails at all, Thunderbird simply checked the smpt and went silent, with no new messages. I checked the message count against my Linux phone which had 4 new messages. Version 140 of Thunderbird is used.

I have e-mails again! I don't know what happened to my thunderbird but all is well. Thank you all for your help.

Chris

There is no error message. I have received e-mails today by putting in the Ubuntu installer and waiting for the "connect to ethernet" function. I then install this and boot the normal way.

Today, I got 20 e-mails but I'm not sure about tomorrow....

I recently upgraded my laptop to Questing, and now for some reason my Wireguard can no longer connect to my server (Noble Numbat, 24.04.3). I upgraded by running "sudo do-release-upgrade" from the command line.

I have been running WireGuard for a couple of years. I originally installed it following the tutorial on linuxbabe.com, before Ubuntu had a GUI for it. Once I upgraded to Questing, the GUI self-populated... and that's when the problem began.

There are some differences between the GUI and the wg-client0.conf on my laptop. The GUI shows the server at its external IP; wg-client0.conf shows the endpoint at the IP address on my home LAN. In the GUI the Allowed IPs is 0.0.0.0/32, and when I try to change it to 0.0.0.0/0 it automatically reverts to the old value.

Here's /etc/wireguard/wg-client0.conf:

[Interface]
Address = 10.10.10.2/24
PrivateKey = 
[Peer]
PublicKey = ru33Go6e8fkBVNQfl/xZLQ/RKDH3mWYJyJPzs+pCCVU=
AllowedIPs = 0.0.0.0/0
Endpoint = 192.168.1.10:51820
PersistentKeepalive = 25

Please excuse the double-spacing.

First, Opera-developer stopped working, and a few days/update later Opera-beta. Both on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and 25.10. On 24.04 I got it working by starting an X11 session.

Both fail on Wayland with this error message:

/usr/share/libdrm/amdgpu.ids: No such file or directory
amdgpu: unknown (family_id, chip_external_rev): (150, 64)
/usr/share/libdrm/amdgpu.ids: No such file or directory
amdgpu: unknown (family_id, chip_external_rev): (150, 64)
[xx:ERROR:ui/ozone/platform/wayland/host/wayland_connection.cc:197] Failed to connect to Wayland display: No such file or directory (2)
[xx:ERROR:ui/ozone/platform/wayland/ozone_platform_wayland.cc:282] Failed to initialize Wayland platform
[xx:ERROR:ui/aura/env.cc:257] The platform failed to initialize.  Exiting.

Is there any testing being done at Opera at all?

I thought snaps were going to fix problems, but it seems to me they're causing just more and more (rather silly) issues.

Does anyone know a fix?

I recently upgraded to Ubuntu 25.10. Since then my machine has not been able to complete a boot sequence. This is the boot sequence output where the stall happens Boot sequence stalled

I have examined the logs and cannot see what would cause the stall which starts at 07:30:43

mike@bambam:~$ journalctl -b -1 > tmp/previous_boot.txt

mike@bambam:~$ grep -E '(07:3|07:40)' tmp/previous_boot.txt
<output snipped for brevity>
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.803:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="Discord" pid=1422 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.803:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="balena-etcher" pid=1428 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.803:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="1password" pid=1421 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.804:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name=4D6F6E676F444220436F6D70617373 pid=1423 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.804:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="QtWebEngineProcess" pid=1424 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.804:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="babeld" pid=1427 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.805:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="bfdd" pid=1429 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.805:11): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="bgpd" pid=1430 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:35 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: systemd-rfkill.service: Deactivated successfully.
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: kauditd_printk_skb: 213 callbacks suppressed
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194643.519:225): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-soffice" pid=1587 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194643.520:226): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-soffice//gpg" pid=1587 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Finished apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles.
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Starting snapd.apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles managed internally by snapd...
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: usr-local-bin-remote_bin.automount: Got automount request for /usr/local/bin/remote_bin, triggered by 1611 (snapd-apparmor)
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: netplan-ovs-cleanup.service - OpenVSwitch configuration for cleanup was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionFileIsExecutable=/usr/bin/ovs-vsctl).
Nov 04 07:31:07 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: workqueue: drm_fb_helper_damage_work hogged CPU for >10000us 35 times, consider switching to WQ_UNBOUND
Nov 04 07:32:57 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: workqueue: drm_fb_helper_damage_work hogged CPU for >10000us 67 times, consider switching to WQ_UNBOUND
Nov 04 07:37:09 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: workqueue: drm_fb_helper_damage_work hogged CPU for >10000us 131 times, consider switching to WQ_UNBOUND
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: logitech-hidpp-device 0003:046D:4003.0008: HID++ 2.0 device connected.
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Received SIGINT.
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Activating special unit reboot.target...
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Removed slice system-modprobe.slice - Slice /system/modprobe.
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net snapd-apparmor[1611]: main.go:143: No profiles to load
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Stopped target rpcbind.target - RPC Port Mapper.
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: lvm2-lvmpolld.socket: Deactivated successfully.
<remainder of shutdown output snipped>

mike@bambam:~$ grep -E '(snapd|apparmor)' tmp/previous_boot.txt
Nov 04 07:30:19 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: LSM: initializing lsm=lockdown,capability,landlock,yama,apparmor,ima,evm
Nov 04 07:30:19 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: evm: security.apparmor
Nov 04 07:30:19 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Reached target snapd.mounts-pre.target - Mounting snaps.
Nov 04 07:30:23 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Mounting snap-snapd-25577.mount - Mount unit for snapd, revision 25577...
Nov 04 07:30:23 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Mounted snap-snapd-25577.mount - Mount unit for snapd, revision 25577.
Nov 04 07:30:24 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Reached target snapd.mounts.target - Mounted snaps.
Nov 04 07:30:31 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Starting apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles...
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net apparmor.systemd[1385]: Restarting AppArmor
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net apparmor.systemd[1385]: Reloading AppArmor profiles
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.653:2): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="brave" pid=1431 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.653:3): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="buildah" pid=1432 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.803:4): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="Discord" pid=1422 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.803:5): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="balena-etcher" pid=1428 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.803:6): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="1password" pid=1421 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.804:7): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name=4D6F6E676F444220436F6D70617373 pid=1423 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.804:8): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="QtWebEngineProcess" pid=1424 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.804:9): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="babeld" pid=1427 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.805:10): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="bfdd" pid=1429 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:32 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194632.805:11): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="bgpd" pid=1430 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194643.519:225): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-soffice" pid=1587 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net kernel: audit: type=1400 audit(1762194643.520:226): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_load" profile="unconfined" name="libreoffice-soffice//gpg" pid=1587 comm="apparmor_parser"
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Finished apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles.
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Starting snapd.apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles managed internally by snapd...
Nov 04 07:30:43 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: usr-local-bin-remote_bin.automount: Got automount request for /usr/local/bin/remote_bin, triggered by 1611 (snapd-apparmor)
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net snapd-apparmor[1611]: main.go:143: No profiles to load
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: snapd.system-shutdown.service - Ubuntu core (all-snaps) system shutdown helper setup service was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionPathExists=!/usr/bin/finalrd).
Nov 04 07:40:11 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Finished snapd.apparmor.service - Load AppArmor profiles managed internally by snapd.
Nov 04 07:40:12 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Stopped target snapd.mounts.target - Mounted snaps.
Nov 04 07:40:12 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Unmounting snap-snapd-25577.mount - Mount unit for snapd, revision 25577...
Nov 04 07:40:12 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: snap-snapd-25577.mount: Deactivated successfully.
Nov 04 07:40:12 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Unmounted snap-snapd-25577.mount - Mount unit for snapd, revision 25577.
Nov 04 07:40:12 bambam.mike-mac.net systemd[1]: Stopped target snapd.mounts-pre.target - Mounting snaps.

I have

• Completely uninstalled snap and the snap applications, then reinstalled them
• Run reconfigure

What else can I do other than examine other distros ?

Cheers

In this post: How can I revert a config file back to the originally installed version after I have edited it? Someone said

Because the other options in dpkg doesn't work well.

Is there a Bug reference in Ubuntu database describing these issues ? I am trying to overwrite changes to config files when installing a package, and although I installed with -o DPkg::Options::="--force-confnew", local changes to config file are NOT overwriten.

I am running an Ubuntu jammy, currently installed packages versions are:

linux-image-generic 5.15.0.161.157
dpkg 1.21.1ubuntu2.6
apt 2.4.14

From reading previous mentioned thread, I understood that I should try using these options for it to work as expected: -o DPkg::Options::="--force-confnew" -o DPkg::Options::="--force-confask" [-o DPkg::Options::="--force-confmiss"]

I tested with all 3 options (--force-confnew, --force-confask, --force-confmiss"). And local changes to my config file are still NOT overwritten !

Copying logs with dpkg debug activated (the modified config file that should have been rewritten is utl-infra.conf):

# apt-get -o APT::Get::Allow-Downgrades="true" -o APT::Get::Assume-Yes="true" -o Dpkg::Options="--force-confnew" -o Dpkg::Options="--force-confmiss" -o Dpkg::Options="--force-confask" install x-ntp=1.5-2804-5248a1af
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  x-ntp
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 14.1 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 https://mesta-repo.epod.idemia.com/mestafocus branches/main/main amd64 x-ntp all 1.5-2804-5248a1af [14.1 kB]
Fetched 14.1 kB in 0s (342 kB/s)  
Beginning to order
Done ordering
  SmartUnPack x-ntp:amd64 (replace version 1.3-20250918111734 with 1.5-2804-5248a1af)
  PreDepends order for x-ntp:amd64
  Found ok package x-fusion-base:amd64
debconf: delaying package configuration, since apt-utils is not installed
(Reading database ... 90641 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../x-ntp_1.5-2804-5248a1af_all.deb ...
got from dpkg 'processing: upgrade: x-ntp'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' in package x-ntp:all - conff ?
D000020: process_archive conffile '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' package=x-ntp:all same hash=3225b8adf1b814da634112c9856b88a0
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ?
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000020: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' package=x-ntp:all same hash=e3e8002d5fb4764a34c26dda7978eb3f
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ?
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000020: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' package=x-ntp:all same hash=252b05ab52bf6802cd61d2a47a6d5890
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ?
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000020: process_archive conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' package=x-ntp:all same hash=9e55a85dead233239a86f204453ed488
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' in package x-ntp:all - conff ?
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000200: process_archive conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' in package x-ntp:all - conff ? not '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf'
D000020: process_archive conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' package=x-ntp:all same hash=54913e6a346cc0b8326f062f346a95ea
D000200: pkg_conffiles_mark_old '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' namenode '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' flags 5
D000200: pkg_conffiles_mark_old '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' namenode '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' flags 5
D000200: pkg_conffiles_mark_old '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' namenode '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' flags 5
D000200: pkg_conffiles_mark_old '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' namenode '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' flags 5
D000200: pkg_conffiles_mark_old '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' namenode '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' flags 5
got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: half-configured'
(parsed from dpkg) pkg: x-ntp:amd64 action: half-configured (expected: 'half-installed' 0 of 4)
                                                                                                                                             got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: unpacked'
                                                                                                                                                                                    (parsed from dpkg) pkg: x-ntp:amd64 action: unpacked (expected: 'half-installed' 0 of 4)
                                                                                     got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: half-installed'
                                                                                                                                  (parsed from dpkg) pkg: x-ntp:amd64 action: half-installed (expected: 'half-installed' 0 of 4)
Unpacking x-ntp (1.5-2804-5248a1af) over (1.3-20250918111734) ...
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' current working='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' result='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000020: tarobject FNNF_NEW_CONFF deref='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000200: tarobject conffile extracted
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' current working='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' result='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000020: tarobject FNNF_NEW_CONFF deref='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000200: tarobject conffile extracted
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' current working='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' result='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000020: tarobject FNNF_NEW_CONFF deref='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000200: tarobject conffile extracted
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' current working='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' result='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf'
D000020: tarobject FNNF_NEW_CONFF deref='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf'
D000200: tarobject conffile extracted
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' current working='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' result='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp'
D000020: tarobject FNNF_NEW_CONFF deref='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp'
D000200: tarobject conffile extracted
D000200: pkg_remove_old_files: removing conffile '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' for x-ntp:all?
D000200: pkg_remove_old_files: removing conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' for x-ntp:all?
D000200: pkg_remove_old_files: removing conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' for x-ntp:all?
D000200: pkg_remove_old_files: removing conffile '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' for x-ntp:all?
D000200: pkg_remove_old_files: removing conffile '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' for x-ntp:all?
got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: unpacked'
(parsed from dpkg) pkg: x-ntp:amd64 action: unpacked (expected: 'unpacked' 1 of 4)
                                                                                                                         Setting up x-ntp (1.5-2804-5248a1af) ...
got from dpkg 'processing: configure: x-ntp'
got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: unpacked'
                                                                                   (parsed from dpkg) pkg: x-ntp:amd64 action: unpacked (expected: 'half-configured' 2 of 4)
                                                                                                                                                                            D000200: conffderef in='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' current working='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' result='/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp'
D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp' (= '/etc/bashrc.d/60-x-ntp') useredited=-1 distedited=-1 what=2
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' current working='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' result='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf'
D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf' (= '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-common.conf') useredited=-1 distedited=-1 what=2
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' current working='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' result='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf'
D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf' (= '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-image.conf') useredited=-1 distedited=-1 what=2
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' current working='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' result='/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf'
D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' (= '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf') useredited=1 distedited=0 what=2
D000200: conffderef in='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' current working='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp'
D000020: conffderef in='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' result='/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp'
D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp' (= '/etc/sudoers.d/x-ntp') useredited=-1 distedited=-1 what=2
got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: half-configured'
(parsed from dpkg) pkg: x-ntp:amd64 action: half-configured (expected: 'half-configured' 2 of 4)
                                                                                                                                              got from dpkg 'status: x-ntp: installed'

And I am pretty sure file is detected as a conffile, and has been localy modified:

# dpkg --status x-ntp | grep utl-infra.conf; md5sum /etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf
 /etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf 9e55a85dead233239a86f204453ed488
c95324d1befd427a7e4c9686fc86a5cd  /etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf

I did an additional test to compare results of following 2 commands (the first one does not overwrite conffile changes, the second does):

1. apt-get ... -o Dpkg::Options="--force-confnew" -o Dpkg::Options="--force-confmiss" -o Dpkg::Options="--force-confask" install x-ntp=1.3-20250918111734

2. dpkg -i --force-confnew --force-confmiss --force-confask ./x-ntp_1.3-20250918111734_all.deb

Only noticeable differences in dpkg debug logs are on line

with apt: D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' (= '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf') useredited=1 distedited=0 what=2

with dpkg: D000020: deferred_configure '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf' (= '/etc/chrony/x-ntp/utl-infra.conf') useredited=1 distedited=0 what=3

Note that this 'x-ntp' package is a proprietary package that we developped internaly. But is has nothing special, it just installs a couple of files to /etc and /usr, it does not have any: pre/postinst, pre/postrm, service, triggers, diverts ... . It is successfully installed and files copied to /etc are correctly detected by dpkg as conffiles, so I do not think the issue is anywhere inside this package (unless something special needs to be declared for config files if you need them to be correctly overwritten when using --force-confnew).

Hi i'm struggle with sound crackling only through HDMI. I know there is a lot of solutions on internet but i think i tried everything and nothing works for me.

I work on Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS

with Pipewire:

• Server path: /run/user/1000/pulse/native
• Library protocol version: 35
• Server protocol version: 35
• Is local: yes
• Client index: 114
• Tile size: 65472
• Server name: PulseAudio (on PipeWire 1.0.5)
• Server version: 15.0.0
• Default sample format: float32le 2 ch 48000 Hz
• Default channel map: front-left, front-right
• Default sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
• Default source: alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
• Cookie: 5cfd:8a68

Everything about my hardware:

==========================================================
                                system         GS60 2PC Ghost (To be filled by O.E.M.)
/0                              bus            MS-16H2
/0/1                            memory         64KiB BIOS
/0/3e                           processor      Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4700HQ CPU @ 2.40GHz
/0/3e/3f                        memory         1MiB L2 cache
/0/3e/40                        memory         256KiB L1 cache
/0/3e/41                        memory         6MiB L3 cache
/0/42                           memory         16GiB System Memory
/0/42/0                         memory         8GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0,6 ns)
/0/42/1                         memory         8GiB SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1600 MHz (0,6 ns)
/0/100                          bridge         Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor DRAM Controller
/0/100/1                        bridge         Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor PCI Express x16 Controller
/0/100/1/0                      display        GK104M [GeForce GTX 860M]
/0/100/2             /dev/fb0   display        4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
/0/100/3             card1      multimedia     Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio Controller
/0/100/3/0           input18    input          HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=3
/0/100/3/1           input19    input          HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=7
/0/100/3/2           input20    input          HDA Intel HDMI HDMI/DP,pcm=8
/0/100/14                       bus            8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI
/0/100/14/0          usb3       bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/14/0/2        input10    input          Logitech USB Receiver System Control
/0/100/14/1          usb4       bus            xHCI Host Controller
/0/100/16                       communication  8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1
/0/100/1a                       bus            8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #2
/0/100/1a/1          usb1       bus            EHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1a/1/1                   bus            Integrated Rate Matching Hub
/0/100/1a/1/1/3                 communication  Bluetooth wireless interface
/0/100/1b            card0      multimedia     8 Series/C220 Series Chipset High Definition Audio Controller
/0/100/1b/0          input14    input          HDA Intel PCH Mic
/0/100/1b/1          input15    input          HDA Intel PCH Headphone
/0/100/1c                       bridge         8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #1
/0/100/1c.2                     bridge         8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3
/0/100/1c.3                     bridge         8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4
/0/100/1c.3/0        enp4s0     network        Killer E220x Gigabit Ethernet Controller
/0/100/1c.4                     bridge         8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #5
/0/100/1c.4/0        wlp5s0     network        Wireless 7260
/0/100/1d                       bus            8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family USB EHCI #1
/0/100/1d/1          usb2       bus            EHCI Host Controller
/0/100/1d/1/1                   bus            Integrated Rate Matching Hub
/0/100/1d/1/1/8                 input          MSI EPF USB
/0/100/1f                       bridge         HM87 Express LPC Controller
/0/100/1f/0                     system         PnP device PNP0c01
/0/100/1f/1                     system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/100/1f/2                     system         PnP device PNP0b00
/0/100/1f/3                     generic        PnP device INT3f0d
/0/100/1f/4                     system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/100/1f/5                     generic        PnP device ETD0301
/0/100/1f/6                     generic        PnP device MSI0007
/0/100/1f/7                     system         PnP device PNP0c02
/0/100/1f.2          scsi0      storage        82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode]
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0    /dev/sda   disk           1TB SPCC M.2 SSD
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/1             volume         99MiB Windows FAT volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/2  /dev/sda2  volume         15MiB reserved partition
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/3  /dev/sda3  volume         500GiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/4  /dev/sda4  volume         532MiB Windows NTFS volume
/0/100/1f.2/0.0.0/5  /dev/sda5  volume         430GiB EXT4 volume
/0/100/1f.3                     bus            8 Series/C220 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller
/1                              power          To Be Filled By O.E.M.
/2                   input0     input          Lid Switch
/3                   input1     input          Power Button
/4                   input13    input          MSI WMI hotkeys
/5                   input16    input          Video Bus
/6                   input17    input          Video Bus
/7                   input2     input          Power Button
/8                   input3     input          AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
/9                   input5     input          ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad

What i tried

• downgrade to PulseAudio
• add load-module module-udev-detect tsched=0 to /etc/pulse/default.pa
• add options snd-hda-intel vid=8086 pid=8ca0 snoop=0 to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf this snoop disables hdmi audio option
• change default-sample-rate = 48000 and others in /etc/pulse/daemon.conf
• work with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=loglevel=3 snd-intel-dspcfg.dsp_driver=3 quiet in /etc/default/grub

None of above helped me. Maybe i done something wrong but that's why im asking You.

What i notice through fighting with a problem

• audio is slightly better on HDMI 5.1 (not base one) but it's more quiet
• have dual boot and using same TV, laptop & HDMI cable works on Windows
• movies on YouTube (i think movies on hard drive too) are playback faster, i believe audio is not matching with video and something wrong going on there
• everything works fine on Ubuntu 22 but i don't know if the problem come after upgrade or before

And i think most important Each time i try to play sound through HDMI i get this error on service status - maybe thats the case but i couldn't find any solution for this.

● pipewire.service - PipeWire Multimedia Service
     Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/user/pipewire.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Sat 2025-01-11 18:27:02 CET; 7min ago
TriggeredBy: ● pipewire.socket
   Main PID: 3805 (pipewire)
      Tasks: 3 (limit: 19009)
     Memory: 9.8M (peak: 10.2M)
        CPU: 4.370s
     CGroup: /user.slice/user-1000.slice/user@1000.service/session.slice/pipewire.service
             └─3805 /usr/bin/pipewire

sty 11 18:32:36 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (1 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:32:39 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (0 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:32:51 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (0 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:33:00 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (0 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:33:03 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (0 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:33:11 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (0 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:33:15 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (2 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:33:21 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (0 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Broken pipeline
sty 11 18:33:25 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (1 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Przerwany potok
sty 11 18:33:31 User pipewire[3805]: spa.alsa: hdmi:1p: (2 suppressed) snd_pcm_avail after recover: Przerwany potok

I can't sleep because of that. I changed to Pulse Audio and have the same problem and a similar error:

pulseaudio[1224]: ALSA woke us up to read new data from the device, but there was actually nothing to read.
pulseaudio[1224]: Most likely this is a bug in the ALSA driver 'snd_hda_intel'. Please report this issue to the ALSA developers.
pulseaudio[1224]: We were woken up with POLLIN set -- however a subsequent snd_pcm_avail() returned 0 or another value < min_avail.

If pipewire and pulseaudio have the same issue maybe ALSA is a problem, but on the other hand pipewire works with pulseaudio, so i'm not sure about that.

Can't sleep because of that, i changed to Pulse audio and have the same problem and similar error:

pulseaudio[1224]: ALSA woke us up to read new data from the device, but there was actually nothing to read.
pulseaudio[1224]: Most likely this is a bug in the ALSA driver 'snd_hda_intel'. Please report this issue to the ALSA developers.
pulseaudio[1224]: We were woken up with POLLIN set -- however a subsequent snd_pcm_avail() returned 0 or another value < min_avail.

Soo if pipewire and pulseaudio have the same issue maybe ALSA is a problem? But from other hand pipewire works with pulseaudio soo not sure about that.

I have recently switched over to Ubuntu 24.04 and I hear crackling sounds more often why is it and how can I fix it?

I noticed the vendor preset for systemd services, and after researching I only found that distributions specify *.preset files to set vendor presets, but I cannot find it in ubuntu 22.04. Does Ubuntu define any such preset file where one can change the vendor presets?

I have an AWS EC2 instance running. I was able to connect using my chomed (-r--------) keys using MobaXTerm and SSH (Ubuntu for Windows) (.pem key) and putty (.ppk key). I'm also working on the server using a IDL (Rstudio server), so the instance is running. At some point I couldn't connect again using Moba+Ssh+Putty, without making any change in keys or internal config commands on the instance.

These are the connection errors I got from those software (again, changing anyhong):

• MobaXterm: Server refused our key --- No supported authentication methods available (server sent: publickey)
• Putty: Server refused our key --- No supported authentication methods available (server sent: publickey)
• ssh: Permission denied (publickey).

I saw some posts but they require to be connected to the server in order to modify files/permissions from inside. I can access some system files with the IDL (Rstudio) but as a particular user, not root.

Any ideas?

EDIT: Following @Jos suggestion, I used the -vv parameter. Here the answer

`

~$: ssh -vv -i "key.pem" ubuntu@ec2-ip.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com
OpenSSH_8.2p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.4, OpenSSL 1.1.1f  31 Mar 2020
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: include /etc/ssh/ssh_config.d/*.conf matched no files
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 21: Applying options for *
debug2: resolving "ec2-ip.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com" port 22
debug2: ssh_connect_direct
debug1: Connecting to ec2-ip.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com [ip] port 22.
debug1: Connection established.
debug1: identity file key.pem type -1
debug1: identity file key.pem-cert type -1
debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_8.2p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.4
debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_8.9p1 Ubuntu-3ubuntu0.3
debug1: match: OpenSSH_8.9p1 Ubuntu-3ubuntu0.3 pat OpenSSH* compat 0x04000000
debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK
debug1: Authenticating to ec2-ip.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com:22 as 'ubuntu'
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent
debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received
debug2: local client KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,ext-info-c
debug2: host key algorithms: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ssh-ed25519-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512-cert-v01@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ssh-rsa
debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug2: peer server KEXINIT proposal
debug2: KEX algorithms: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,sntrup761x25519-sha512@openssh.com,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256
debug2: host key algorithms: rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519
debug2: ciphers ctos: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: ciphers stoc: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com,aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com
debug2: MACs ctos: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: MACs stoc: umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-sha1
debug2: compression ctos: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: compression stoc: none,zlib@openssh.com
debug2: languages ctos:
debug2: languages stoc:
debug2: first_kex_follows 0
debug2: reserved 0
debug1: kex: algorithm: curve25519-sha256
debug1: kex: host key algorithm: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256
debug1: kex: server->client cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: kex: client->server cipher: chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com MAC: <implicit> compression: none
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY
debug1: Server host key: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 SHA256:5dFj4Av5Ln0oYtTRBYdcFKPe3hlTb5Fr9Q4Iok056UM
debug1: Host 'ec2-ip.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com' is known and matches the ECDSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /home/user/.ssh/known_hosts:7
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1
debug1: rekey out after 134217728 blocks
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent
debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received
debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0
debug1: rekey in after 134217728 blocks
debug1: Will attempt key: key.pem  explicit
debug2: pubkey_prepare: done
debug1: SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO received
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: server-sig-algs=<ssh-ed25519,sk-ssh-ed25519@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-256,rsa-sha2-512,ssh-dss,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com,webauthn-sk-ecdsa-sha2-nistp256@openssh.com>
debug1: kex_input_ext_info: publickey-hostbound@openssh.com (unrecognised)
debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth
debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Trying private key: key.pem
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
ubuntu@ec2-ip.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com: Permission denied (publickey).`

I have bought a new laptop. It came with Ubuntu installed. I have upgraded to 20.04.01 LTS.

In my root there is a really large swapfile, and that takes up a lot of space. It's 137.6 GB and it's last altered on the 11th of september (more than a month ago).

I don't think i need this file, i have 64 GB of ram. Is there a way to reduce the size?

output of free command

total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:       65613160     2528548    60546840       98704     2537772    62259952
Swap:     134217724           0   134217724

How can I connect to my Ubuntu server v18 with FileZilla as the root user?

Filezilla shows connection errors:

Ubuntu Server network settings:

I habe a driver for my ELM 327 an it uses the pl2303 module which depends on the usbserial and this again depends on the pl2303 module.

What I tried:

sudo modprobe -r usbserial pl2303
sudo modprobe -r pl2303 usbserial
sudo modprobe -rf usbserial
sudo modprobe -rf pl2303
sudo rmmod --force pl2303
sudo rmmod --force usbserial

result of rmmod:

rmmod: ERROR: ../libkmod/libkmod-module.c:799 kmod_module_remove_module() could not remove 'usbserial': Resource temporarily unavailable
rmmod: ERROR: could not remove module usbserial: Resource temporarily unavailable

result of modprobe:

modprobe: FATAL: Module usbserial is in use.

Also I tried it with the drivers loaded and unloaded.

OS: Ubuntu 20.04

I need to run a 24 by 7 batch program. On power failures I already configured Ubuntu Server 14.04 to power up as soon as energy is back, auto login and start the program.

The process is based on GPU power and get better results with overclock. I was able to do it configuring xorg.conf and executing xinit. When I do that, the screen go white and the command line disapear. I used a remote SSH client to execute "overclock.sh" and start the program and it worked.

My question is that as I won't be able to use the remote client every time, how can I execute others scripts after executing xinit?

CRTL+ALT+F1 return to command line, but how use that on startup script?

I would like to execute on startup: - xinit; - overclock.sh; - start_program.sh;

Update 08/27/2017: Right now, I'm understanding more what is happening:

1. I'm in the console environment tty1.

2. When run "xinit" it open a rough screen on tty7.

3. By pressing CRTL+ALT+F1 I go back to terminal tty1 but is stucked on the "xinit" command. That is why, the .bash-login script don't execute any other command after.

4. By pressing CTRL+C it stops the tty7 environment and the overclocked don't work.

5. Now the most strange part: If I press CTRL+Z, I return the control, the overclock works, but when I run the program, only GPU0 start to work.

6. Also tried "setsid xinit &> /dev/null" and again, everything seens perfect, but only GPU0 work.

7 Another approach: in the rough screen, tty7, I click with the mouse on the upper command line, type overclock.sh and it works. All 8 gpus work nicely. This seems to be more closely to be the answer.

How can I make a batch file to execute commands soon as the tty7 go up?

Update 08/28/2017:

I solved. The magic was study the xterm called from xinit. It receive the parameter -e "command". Put the script as command.

I am running Ubuntu 14.10 with Unity. I would really like to make some multitouch gestures work, so I can use my touchpad to e.g. spread all windows, change workspace, and the like. My computer has a SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad. When I run geisview, and look under:

"Device [ID] Added: SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad"

it says "Device Touches: 2", which should mean that my touchpad is only capable of recognizing 2 finges.. I checked in another forum (Arch Linux - https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Touchpad_Synaptics#Using_xinput_to_determine_touchpad_capabilities). And here it says i can use xinput to determine its capabilities. So I run:

xinput list-props "SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad" | grep Capabilities

and I get this output:

Synaptics Capabilities (295): 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1

which evidently means that it should be capable of recognizing at least 3 finges..

When I download touchegg and run it in a terminal it gives absolutely no output.. Not even with 1- or 2-finger-gestures.

Can anyone please help! Would love to make this work! Thanks in advance! :)

I have 2 servers:

1. Staging server with Ubuntu 12.04
2. Production server with Ubuntu 12.04

I tried to install Zabbix agent on the above 2 servers, first I tried to install it on my production server using the following command:

sudo apt-get install zabbix-agent

It's installing Zabbix 2.0.4 while the staging server installs Zabbix 1.8.11.

I want Zabbix 2.0.4 to be installed on my staging server too. I tried sudo apt-get update and everything but its not installing 2.0.4. How can I install the newer version?

GWD and Edge Animate have been very helpful on Windows, but I haven't came across anything uniquely close for Linux. I've used Amaya and Kompozer for months and has been fairly helpful. However I'd like to see something like GWD or Edge Animate available for Linux.

Now I did try running those two apps with WINE, but haven't had any luck. Has anyone been able to run either of these apps via WINE successfully?

In addition I was wondering if there's something like GWD or Edge Animate available for Linux?

I want to implement a websocket server in node.js. For that I want to install 'ws'. I've already installed npm and node.js in my ubuntu system. Now I'm trying to run the command 'sudo npm install ws' but it doesn't work. I'm pasting the content of my terminal. Can someone help?

root@Neeraj:/home/neeraj# npm install ws
npm http GET https://registry.npmjs.org/ws

npm ERR! Error: failed to fetch from registry: ws
npm ERR!     at /usr/share/npm/lib/utils/npm-registry-client/get.js:139:12
npm ERR!     at cb (/usr/share/npm/lib/utils/npm-registry-client/request.js:31:9)
npm ERR!     at Request._callback (/usr/share/npm/lib/utils/npm-registry-    client/request.js:136:18)
npm ERR!     at Request.callback (/usr/lib/nodejs/request/main.js:119:22)
npm ERR!     at Request.<anonymous> (/usr/lib/nodejs/request/main.js:212:58)
npm ERR!     at Request.emit (events.js:88:20)
npm ERR!     at ClientRequest.<anonymous> (/usr/lib/nodejs/request/main.js:209:10)
npm ERR!     at ClientRequest.emit (events.js:67:17)
npm ERR!     at ClientRequest.onError (/usr/lib/nodejs/request/tunnel.js:164:21)
npm ERR!     at ClientRequest.g (events.js:156:14)
npm ERR! You may report this log at:
npm ERR!     <http://bugs.debian.org/npm>
npm ERR! or use
npm ERR!     reportbug --attach /home/neeraj/npm-debug.log npm
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! System Linux 3.2.0-29-generic-pae
npm ERR! command "node" "/usr/bin/npm" "install" "ws"
npm ERR! cwd /home/neeraj
npm ERR! node -v v0.6.12
npm ERR! npm -v 1.1.4
npm ERR! message failed to fetch from registry: ws
npm ERR! 
npm ERR! Additional logging details can be found in:
npm ERR!     /home/neeraj/npm-debug.log
npm not ok
root@Neeraj:/home/neeraj#