Ubentu - Azure Premium SSD DISK performance

The writing speed is very low performance. Especially if copy operations The attached ssd premium disk configuration as follow. 16 TB 20000 IOPS 900 MB/s Throughout

Disk format type as ext4, single partition 700gb copy from one folder to another folder taking 3 hours But when try to move the operation is very fast.

Any idea /suggestions are really helpful thanks

I am a new Linux user, less than 1 month, but trying hard to learn.

I am trying to install "Warpinator" LXC in Proxmox. I have been following the 'Ubuntu 20.04, related' code from https://github.com/linuxmint/warpinator, specifically,

Ubuntu 20.04, related:

• Install build dependencies listed below, note minimum versions:

  sudo apt-get install python3-grpc-tools python3-grpcio
  

• Clone this repo:

  git clone https://github.com/linuxmint/warpinator.git
  

• Enter the folder, specify version:

  cd warpinator
  

• Check out a version you want, or skip this step to build off the current source.

  git checkout 1.2.3
  

• Try to build. If this fails, it's probably due to missing dependencies.

• If you use GitHub Actions to compile, please install the following dependencies.

  sudo apt-get -y install debhelper dh-python meson gobject-introspection cython3
  

• Take note of these packages, install them using apt-get:

  dpkg-buildpackage --no-sign
  

• Once that succeeds, install:

  cd ..
  sudo dpkg -i \*warp\*.deb
  

• If this fails, make note of missing runtime dependencies (check list below), install them, repeat previous command (apt-get install -f may also work).

What I am getting is:

root@Warpinator:\~# ls
warpinator
root@Warpinator:\~# cd ..
root@Warpinator:/# ls

bin                boot  etc   lib                lib32  libx32      media  opt   root  sbin                srv  tmp  var

bin.usr-is-merged  dev   home  lib.usr-is-merged  lib64  lost+found  mnt    proc  run   sbin.usr-is-merged  sys  usr

root@Warpinator:/# cd warpinator

\-bash: cd: warpinator: No such file or directory

I am very new, but how can this be? How can I be in a dir, cd .. out of it, then it doesnt exist? Am I missing some fundamental Linux understanding? or is this some (highly unlikely) Linux error?

I’ve been experimenting with linux more regularly, and have hit a bit of a bump in understanding security. More specifically, Is there a solid way to know if an apt package is safe/trusted? I've heard about the dread Ken Thompson Hack or undetectable rootkits and want to avoid this while still getting the full cutting edge experience.

The question:

• How do packages get maintained and distributed?

• Is it just a wild west of trust like running random github code? Is there a review process like the apple App Store?

• What is the general approach to deciding if a package is safe?

Thanks for the help!

I've lost my password.I tried to login with 4 different password I have used over the years. How many ways can I explain a lost password in order to meet your quality standards. I don't remember my fkn password!!!

I have a amd based pc and rx 570 video card. When I boot using linux live cds ( ubuntu or mint), it starts booting and when the graphical part is about to launch, everything goes dark and I can only do power off at that point. What can I do to see what is the root of the problem. Windows works fine on this PC.

Safe graphics mode of ubuntu live cd also works but it only shows very low res graphics.

I am using Ubuntu Desktop 24.04.3 LTS iso image

I'm running Ubuntu 25.10 on a PC with an NVIDIA GPU (RTX 5080). My monitor is connected via HDMI.

My issue is the following:

Whenever the screen turns off automatically after inactivity (the usual GNOME screen timeout), the monitor never wakes up again. The system itself seems to run, but the display stays completely black.
The only way to recover is to forcefully power off the PC and restart it manually.

Here are some error logs from journalctl -b -p err during boot and login:

hub 8-0:1.0: config failed, hub doesn't have any ports! (err -19)
systemd-udevd: ... 90-alsa-restore.rules: GOTO="alsa_restore_std" has no matching label
gdm-password: gkr-pam: unable to locate daemon control file
systemd(...): Failed to start gnome-software.service

I’ve already checked the basics (cables, different HDMI port, different timeout settings). The issue only occurs when GNOME turns the screen off automatically; if I manually turn off the monitor, it wakes up normally.

Has anyone encountered this on Ubuntu 25.10 with NVIDIA + HDMI ?
Is this a known DPMS / power management issue? Any workaround or configuration change would be extremely helpful.

Thanks!

I'm running Ubuntu 22.04 on a Dell Precision 7960 with 7x Vecow UE-1004 USB 3.0 PCIe cards installed. Each card has 4 ports. I have 28 USB devices (Intel RealSense cameras) connected. When I power up from a cold state, it works fine. When I click restart, it gets stuck, never reaching the splash screen, or even the Dell SafeBIOS splash screen.

Does anyone have any suggestions for addressing this?

What's wrong

The OS starts in software rendering mode. The only thing I've changed (and found in the logs) is installing the updates for sudo-rs and intel microcode via the Ubuntu Software Updater (which I don't suspect to be an issue, I hope, as I don't use an Intel CPU).

I've been using the kernel-provided mesa drivers.

Boot logs also include "not hardware accelerated" pops up.

What I've tried

• Reverting back to 6.14.0-35 makes the GPU work correctly again.
• I've looked through update logs (apt, dpkg, unattended-upgrades) to verify what changed between the GPU working and not working
• In the past, I've been using amdgpu drivers from the AMD website, but these no longer install due to issues with DKMS compilation under 6.17-0.6. I've tried to install these again, to no avail. I've purged these since.

My assumptions

• I don't suspect my local packages, as things just work under Kernel 6.14, but I'm very happy to provide more info if that still may be the case

Additional info

1. vulkaninfo --summary output

Devices:
========
GPU0:
    apiVersion         = 1.4.318
    driverVersion      = 25.2.3
    vendorID           = 0x10005
    deviceID           = 0x0000
    deviceType         = PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU
    deviceName         = llvmpipe (LLVM 20.1.8, 256 bits)
    driverID           = DRIVER_ID_MESA_LLVMPIPE
    driverName         = llvmpipe
    driverInfo         = Mesa 25.2.3-1ubuntu1 (LLVM 20.1.8)
    conformanceVersion = 1.3.1.1
    deviceUUID         = 6d657361-3235-2e32-2e33-2d3175627500
    driverUUID         = 6c6c766d-7069-7065-5555-494400000000

2. lshw -c video output

  *-display                 
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: Navi 48 [Radeon RX 9070/9070 XT/9070 GRE]
       vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:0b:00.0
       logical name: /dev/fb0
       version: c0
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list fb
       configuration: depth=32 latency=0 resolution=1024,768
       resources: iomemory:780-77f iomemory:7c0-7bf memory:7800000000-7bffffffff memory:7c00000000-7c0fffffff ioport:e000(size=256) memory:fcd00000-fcd7ffff memory:fcd80000-fcd9ffff

3. Kern.log after boot

./syslog-2025-11-11T21:48:50.613665+01:00 janitors-closet gnome-shell[2599]: Added device '/dev/dri/card0' (simpledrm) using a
tomic mode setting.
./syslog:2025-11-11T21:48:50.615750+01:00 janitors-closet gnome-shell[2599]: Failed to initialize accelerated iGPU/dGPU framebuffer sharing: Not hardware accelerated
./syslog-2025-11-11T21:48:50.615811+01:00 janitors-closet gnome-shell[2599]: Created gbm renderer for '/dev/dri/card0'
./syslog-2025-11-11T21:48:50.615853+01:00 janitors-closet gnome-shell[2599]: Integrated GPU /dev/dri/card0 selected as primary

Expected outcome

Anything I can do here to debug this more? I'd like to continue using the newer Kernel.

Huge thanks in advance!

I recently upgraded my Ubuntu 25.04 to 25.10 on an older Intel iMac (14,2), and after the upgrade, the screen brightness cannot be controlled from Gnome anymore.

The video driver in use is noveau.

systemd-backlight seems to start correctly for backlight:acpi_video0

brightnessctl works, but only as root

ddcutil seems to work also as regular user

I tried to boot with acpi_backlight=native but seems to inhibit systemd-backlight from starting (likely on purpose).

Since it used to work out of the box, and it still works with the above manual workarounds, I tend to think it might be something related to device permissions or udev rules but I'm not sure where to start from regarding these.

[Edit]

Kind of worked around it for now using the Brightness control using ddcutil Gnome extension, and turning on its Disable Display State Check setting in order to avoid the extension remaining in the "loading" state.

Still, it would be nice to figure out why Gnome's own setting doesn't work.

On a fresh install of Ubuntu 24.04 Desktop on an old Dell Precision T3600, I'm experiencing constant mouse and keyboard freezes that require a reboot to recover. I've also tried to install 24.04 on a virtual machine on an XCP-ng 8.2.1 host but cannot even complete the install process without having to reboot the VM and rebuild it.

I've never had this kind of problems with an Ubuntu long term release going back to the original one in June 2006 or any previous release going back to the original one in 2004.

Has anyone else had the mouse / keyboard freeze problem and, if so, were you able to resolve the issue and how? As it is ... this new long term release is completely unusable.

When I type the command sudo python3 -m venv venv001 I get this error:

The virtual environment was not created successfully because ensurepip is not available.  On Debian/Ubuntu systems, you need to install the python3-venv package using the following command.

    apt install python3.8-venv

You may need to use sudo with that command.  After installing the python3-venv package, recreate your virtual environment.

Failing command: ['/home/mike/venv001/bin/python3', '-Im', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip']

so, I try sudo apt install python3.8-env and get the error message:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 python3.8-venv : Depends: python3.8 (= 3.8.2-1ubuntu1) but 3.8.10-0ubuntu1~20.04 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

I've tried a couple of the sudo apt install -f, or --fix- commands, but still can't seem to recover from these errors.

Every time I log in to ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS, my Fn button is toggled to OFF state. So, when I want to change volume, I need to do Fn+Esc and after that I can use my laptop normally. The thing is that the Fn+Esc move which I commit every time after I log in irritates me. Is there any way to make Fn+Esc combination automatically, maybe launching some script? My laptop is Asus.

I would like to ask about issue with Canon I-Sensys printer installation on Ubuntu 20.04 (but I think, the simmilar issue is often, because I found a few threads about it also here in askubuntu).

After successfully installation of Canon ISensys 7200 CAPT driver, version 2.71 from here: https://www.canon.sk/support/consumer_products/products/printers/laser/i-sensys_lbp7200cdn.html?type=drivers&language=en&os=linux%20(64-bit)

(installation was success without any problems), I found the right driver in the list and I added a new printer:

Step1

Step2

Step3

Step4

Everything was done without any problems. But, when I want to print text from editor or printer test page, still I have same error:

Unable to write print data: Broken pipe

I found a few threads about, for example like following, I tried to reinstall xserver-xorg in ubuntu safe mode, but it doesnt help me:

Cannot write bytes: Broken pipe

Also I was calling to the Canon support, but there is nobody to support linux :-(

Thanks a lot for each help.

Are there any AWS S3 browser for ubuntu 20.04?

I saw a lot of options but most of the links are dead or are not maintained .

I'm using Kubuntu 20.04.1 64 bit. To clarify I'm not trying to use this via network but directly via USB cable.

The UPS should be Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0001:0000 Fry's Electronics

EDIT:

I found the drivers list with, "Various" "ups" "2" "(Various USB)" "UPSilon 2000 software" "blazer_usb langid_fix=0x409" and a little web search pointed to have the configuration like this and it connected.

[upsilon-2000]
driver = "blazer_usb"
port = auto
langid_fix="0x409"
desc="Upsilon 2000"
vendorid = "0001"
productid = "0000"

Network UPS Tools - UPS driver controller 2.7.4
Network UPS Tools - Megatec/Q1 protocol USB driver 0.12 (2.7.4)
Supported UPS detected with megatec protocol
Vendor information unavailable
No values provided for battery high/low voltages in ups.conf

Using 'guestimation' (low: 20.800000, high: 26.000000)!
Battery runtime will not be calculated (runtimecal not set)

Now I need to be able to configure it or is it already configured by default?

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
# FINALDELAY - last sleep interval before shutting down the system
#
# On a master, upsmon will wait this long after sending the NOTIFY_SHUTDOWN
# before executing your SHUTDOWNCMD.  If you need to do something in between
# those events, increase this number.  Remember, at this point your UPS is 
# almost depleted, so don't make this too high.
#
# Alternatively, you can set this very low so you don't wait around when
# it's time to shut down.  Some UPSes don't give much warning for low
# battery and will require a value of 0 here for a safe shutdown.
#
# Note: If FINALDELAY on the slave is greater than HOSTSYNC on the master,
# the master will give up waiting for the slave to disconnect.

FINALDELAY 5

upsmon.conf

I made a systemd service and this is the status shown. EDIT: I just needed nut-server.service

Message from system

Broadcast message from nut@carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 (somewhere) (Tue Nov 17 16:03:
Communications with UPS upsilon-2000@localhost established 

[Unit]
Description=Upsilon monitor start

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=upsdrvctl start

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl status ups-start.service 
● ups-start.service - Upsilon monitor start
     Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/ups-start.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2020-11-17 15:38:41 AST; 3s ago
    Process: 7911 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/upsdrvctl start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
   Main PID: 7911 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

nov 17 15:38:37 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 upsdrvctl[7912]: Supported UPS detected with megatec protocol
nov 17 15:38:38 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 upsdrvctl[7912]: Vendor information unavailable
nov 17 15:38:38 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 upsdrvctl[7912]: No values provided for battery high/low voltages in ups.conf
nov 17 15:38:38 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 upsdrvctl[7912]: Using 'guestimation' (low: 20.800000, high: 26.000000)!
nov 17 15:38:38 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 upsdrvctl[7912]: Battery runtime will not be calculated (runtimecal not set)
nov 17 15:38:39 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 upsdrvctl[7911]: Network UPS Tools - UPS driver controller 2.7.4
nov 17 15:38:39 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 blazer_usb[7924]: Startup successful
nov 17 15:38:41 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 blazer_usb[7924]: Signal 15: exiting
nov 17 15:38:41 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 systemd[1]: ups-start.service: Succeeded.
nov 17 15:38:41 carlos-AB350-Gaming-3 systemd[1]: Finished Upsilon monitor start.

This commands show:

upsdrvctl start
Network UPS Tools - UPS driver controller 2.7.4
Network UPS Tools - Megatec/Q1 protocol USB driver 0.12 (2.7.4)
Supported UPS detected with megatec protocol
Vendor information unavailable
No values provided for battery high/low voltages in ups.conf

Using 'guestimation' (low: 20.800000, high: 26.000000)!
Battery runtime will not be calculated (runtimecal not set)

sudo upsdrvctl stop
Network UPS Tools - UPS driver controller 2.7.4
Can't open /run/nut/blazer_usb-auto.pid: No such file or directory

• I cannot receive sound from the micro of my Logitech G432 7.1 Headphone while connected by Audio (In/Out) Jack Socket.

Maybe I could install Logitech software(such as G Hub (?)), to improve the compatibility between Linux and my headphone, but the software are only provided for Windows, or Mac OS, but not for GNU/Linux (Of Course, wine does not want to works with G Hub...)

Is there an alternative on Linux to improve my experience with this headphone ? (Maybe some audio settings could be made with PulseAudio or others as this article may suggest.

I discovered a really nice project (open razer), that could satisfy my needs, but it concerns Razer materials.

NB. This is not really a "vital need", because I can use quite normally this headphone with the USB adapter, but I am still interested. (even if only it is to free a USB port...)

I'm trying to configure a dual boot between Kali Linux and Ubuntu. I have already installed Kali in one partition with about 40G. The rest of the size will be asigned to install Ubuntu. This is how my kali linux partitions looks:

Kali partitions

As you see the kali linux is encrypted with luks and use lvm. I want to do the same with the Ubuntu distro. I have created the partitions for ubuntu like this:

Ubuntu installation partition

the /dev/sda4 is the partition where i need to put ubuntu.

This is the lvm configuration, with a root filesystem and a swap.

Ubuntu lvm

Then when i try to install ubuntu, it show this error The 'grub-efi-amd64-signed' package failed to install into /target/ . Without the GRUB boot loader, the installed system will not boot

I'm using uefi to install the partitions.

What i've done wrong with this setup?

How to setup virtual hosts in XAMPP at any directory on Ubuntu >=18.04.

How to setup and run different websites at a time. Those website directories are located at different paths in my computer

I have been trying from last few days to create a Portable OS. My reasons being

1. Avoiding Dual Boot
2. To make the OS like Plug and Play

Before trying on External SSD as they are costly, I first tried installing OS on a 32 GB Sandisk Flashdrive which is working very smoothly. Hence I removed all the boot options other than my current windows and I tried installing on my SSD.

I bought Sandisk Extreme and Samsung T5 but Ubuntu Installation didn’t go through as planned. On both the drives it went Straight up to the GRUB Command Line. This feels like the BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH FOR UBUNTU. I must have tried installing more than 10 times, with the help of Answers on Internet.

How To Rescue Non Booting Grub2

I went through step by step as shown in this link. Even in my case I can see content only in (hd0, 1)/ . But I can see only 1 folder which is efi/. I cannot see any other folders that are shown in the link. Same answer is posted everywhere.

Folders - lost+found/ bin/ boot/ cdrom/ dev/ etc/ home/ lib/ lib64/ media/ mnt/ opt/ proc/ root/ run/ sbin/ srv/ sys/ tmp/ usr/ var/ vmlinuz vmlinuz.old initrd.img initrd.img.old

None of these folders are visible for me.

Let me Tell you my Ubuntu installation process.

1. Opened the Try and Install Ubuntu
2. Went through the initial installation process
3. Clicked on Something Else
4. 16GB for Swap (logical and end of the storage)
5. Rest for primary, ext4 and root as “/“ partition
6. Next , Next ....

This is what I followed.

I have reached the CONCLUSION that Ubuntu cannot be installed in an External SSD I HOPE IT”S NOT TRUE AND THERE SHOULD BE A WAY AROUND. It worked perfectly well in PenDrive. I could just plug the pendrive(INSTALLED OS AND NOT THE BOOTABLE) and start using Ubuntu.

I chose SSD because it is more durable as well as faster than a hdd.

I am open to any Suggestions to Improve my above long Question with Explanation if it’s not Understandable.

Please Let me know if any more details are required from my side.

^{GRUB command line}

rufus-3.3.exe, the latest version, is not working on my PC. Only rufus-2.18.exe and the versions before it seem to be working. I got this error message as shown at the bottom of the below screenshot:

Failed to download file.

I have downloaded the latest version of Ubuntu 18.10.

I want to install my apps by apt-get install from terminal but there aren't any options to get an app name in Ubuntu Software. What can I do?

I'm new to Ubuntu and trying to get the application FightCade (fightcade.com) up and running. I followed the directions in the readme file, but have run up against a wall:

I used the terminal to download wine and all the other things, and the readme suggests I should just be able to type ./fightcade to run the application. But I just get the message No such file or directory.

How should I proceed?

am trying to connect to a remote machine (Windows 7 OS) using Remote Desktop Viewer.

The protocol I'm using is RDP and Host is local IP of the machine I am trying to connect to. On Windows I have allowed people to remotely connect to that machine. What protocol should I use ? What other settings do I have to do?
My OS is Ubuntu (12.04)

I tried this but I got this error:

sudo dkms install -m rt3290sta -v 2.6.0.0 --force
Error! Could not find module source directory.
Directory: /usr/src/rt3290sta-2.6.0.0 does not exist.

When I boot up I get a screen saying:

Gave up waiting for root device

Then it lists common problems:

ALERT! /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-root does npt exist. Dropping to a shell!

Then I get an initramfs prompt.

Is this fixable without a backup?

I can't remember exactly what I did to make this stop working...

(My hard disk is NOT encrypted.)

Suddenly after shutting down Ubuntu and when reopenning, I get prompted to one shell of BusyBox. I only had a set of options in help there.

I tried to follow this solution: Boot drops to a (initramfs) prompts/busybox

I got a USB pen-drive and it has ISO of Ubuntu. I have selected "Try Ubuntu".

However, my Ubuntu is installed in an external hard disk (connected to the laptop via another USB port, other than the USB Pen drive), and I have Windows 8 installed by default in my laptop (in the internal hard disk). So when I am running the following command.

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA ST1000LM024 HN-M (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  525MB   524MB   fat32        EFI system partition          boot
 2      525MB   567MB   41.9MB  fat32        Basic data partition          hidden
 3      567MB   701MB   134MB                Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 4      701MB   2849MB  2147MB  ntfs         Basic data partition          hidden, diag
 5      2849MB  991GB   989GB   ntfs         Basic data partition          msftdata
 6      991GB   1000GB  8853MB  ntfs         Microsoft recovery partition  hidden, diag


Model: SanDisk Cruzer (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 64.0GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system  Flags
 1      16.4kB  64.0GB  64.0GB  primary  fat32        boot, lba

None of this is actually my external hard disk in which my Ubuntu 14.04 is installed.

How can I solve this?

I like to run a couple of scripts to automatically install packages and do some configurations on fresh OS installs. I use gnome shell with a few extensions and was thinking of improving my scripts to configure them.

I usually configure the extensions using gnome-shell-extension-prefs or dconf-editor and I know how to edit other schemas from the command line. Example:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-options stretched

But, although I can find and edit the installed extensions under org.gnome.shell.extensions using dconf-editor I can't access them using gsettings since they don't seem to have an assigned schema:

No such schema 'org.gnome.shell.extensions.extname'

The only extensions accessible with gsettings seem to be the ones that came pre-installed.

So, the question is, how can I configure the installed extensions from the command line? Is there any way to assign to gsettings the compiled schemas in ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions/ ? Maybe I'm looking in the wrong direction.

Environment: Ubuntu Gnome 14.04 (Gnome Shell 3.10.4)

Thanks in advance.

I have an Ubuntu virtual machine to which I need to do remote desktop. I do not have physical access to that machine and I can do only ssh to the machine. I wanted to do remote desktop and came up with lot of options (vnc, xrdp, opennx). I used xrdp and I installed the necessary packages in the ubuntu machine (xrdp and dependent). Then I enabled the remote access in the ubuntu using the following command line option.

gconftool-2 -s -t bool /desktop/gnome/remote_access/enabled true

gconftool-2 -s -t bool /desktop/gnome/remote_access/prompt_enabled false

Then I restarted the xrdp (/etc/init.d/xrdp start). But when I try to do rdp using the windows client (mstsc), I get the following error. Remote access to the server is not enabled.

How do I solve this? Kindly help.

Raj

I want to connect my bluetooth keyboard (macintosh) at Startup.

But what should i say, i have to enter a PIN, without a keyboard is connected...

Is there a way to connect my keyboard without to buy a USB-Keyboard?

My mouse won't connect, too - i have to enter a PIN there as well!

EDIT: I have a Thinkpad x60s, too. Is there any chance to pair my thinkpad (ubuntu) with my machine (ubuntu) via bluetooth?

I am looking for tools for Ubuntu that can be used to EDIT ISO Images. Including ISO images that are bootable like Ubuntu and Windows ISOs. Not only edit but save the edited ISO and can still boot when burned on an USB Drive or CD/DVD.