When i close my laptop(entering supended mode) my wi-fi enters "hardware Airplane mode" https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563745/when-i-close-my-laptopentering-supended-mode-my-wi-fi-enters-hardware-airplan

this started right after i completely installed Ubuntu 24 and now everytime i put my laptop in sleep, standby, supended mode my wifi driver goes into hardware airplane mode, and the terminal said "softstop: no hardstop: yes"

Ubuntu 26.04 update issue [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563743/ubuntu-26-04-update-issue

I am currently using 26.04 dev version and today morning 8th Feb 2026 I did a system update and after that my browser and any flatpak packages is not working accept zen browser but it's Firefox type browser chromium type browser like brave is not opening any new tab but old tabs are working and in the new tab google.com is opening but not other sites like YouTube etc nothing.

Do something please

Environment variables set with export in .bashrc persist after deletion https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563741/environment-variables-set-with-export-in-bashrc-persist-after-deletion

Following these steps :

  1. edit .bashrc file with the line export foo=bar;
  2. enter $ source ~/.bashrc
  3. log out and back in
  4. remove the line created in step 1.)
  5. enter $ source ~/.bashrc
  6. log out and back in
  7. type $ echo $foo and find it outputs bar
  8. restart the system entirely
  9. redo step 7 and note that nothing prints this time.

So, what exactly is going on here? The export command is saving the variable somewhere after logout, but where? The problem is that if I have a line like

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${BOOST_DIR}/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}

then there will two entries, one for the one that persists and one for the new terminal that I open.

What am I missing here???

Thank you!

Make thunderbird open links in my default browser https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563740/make-thunderbird-open-links-in-my-default-browser

I use thunderbird as an email client and firefox is my default browser.

I did an fresh install of thunderbird and now thunderbird opens links in Chromium instead of firefox, which is quite annoying.
I use kubuntu 24.04 as OS

What I did so far:
I checked in the system settings tat FF is indeed my default browser.

in TB Settings "files and attachments" https is set to system handler

When I open the configurations editor I see several settings, whose name contains "chrome" in some way, but I don't know what I have to change and if this is te right place to change things.

Other questions on that topic here are older than 12 years, so they won't help here I guess.

My script not working on Linux Mint - don't know how to modify this: https://askubuntu.com/questions/107945/cant-add-more-than-four-keyboard-layouts [closed] https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563739/my-script-not-working-on-linux-mint-dont-know-how-to-modify-this-https-ask

I am not able to modify this obsolete code which includes this script to work in Mint. I want to be able to switch between TWO sets of keyboard layouts.

Setup the first four layouts, then run the following two commands in a terminal:

gconftool-2 --get /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/kbd/layouts
gsettings get org.gnome.libgnomekbd.keyboard layouts

Setup the second four layouts, then again run the above commands.

Now open the text editor gedit (press Super, type gedit, press Enter) and paste the following:

#!/bin/bash
layout_one="[de deadgraveacute,al,ara,be]"
layout_one_dconf="['de\tdeadgraveacute', 'al', 'ara', 'be']"

layout_two="[de deadgraveacute,ba,ph,gb]"
layout_two_dconf="['de\tdeadgraveacute', 'ba', 'ph', 'gb']"

current=$(gconftool-2 --get /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/kbd/layouts)

if [ "$current" == "$layout_one" ]
then
    new="$layout_two"
    new_dconf="$layout_two_dconf"
else
    new="$layout_one"
    new_dconf="$layout_one_dconf"
fi

gconftool-2 --set --type list --list-type string /desktop/gnome/peripherals/keyboard/kbd/layouts "$new"
gsettings set org.gnome.libgnomekbd.keyboard layouts "$new_dconf"
Kernel Panic: vfs unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0) https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563738/kernel-panic-vfs-unable-to-mount-root-fs-on-unknown-block0-0

Might be a duplicate of Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0), but that question is almost 15 years old now and could be outdated. So here's one for this year.

Updates (and maintenance in general) are not the most glamorous part of using a computer, but necessary to keep it functioning well. Automatic updates never seem to acknowledge the actual usage patterns that I've seen, so I disabled all of that (don't even check or download) and then made some scripts to do the entire process and shutdown. Run the trigger script (confirms, and then touches a file) instead of a normal shutdown, and walk away while the other two scripts do their thing and create a logfile in case something goes wrong. The two scripts are:

startup_root.sh:

#!/bin/bash

# called from root's crontab (sudo crontab -e) @reboot



# Settle down

sleep 2



# Capture driver

cd $(dirname $0)
FLAG_UPDATE="/tmp/update"
FLAG_FIX_CAPTURE_DRIVER="./fix_driver"



if [[ -f "$FLAG_FIX_CAPTURE_DRIVER" ]]
then
    rm -f "$FLAG_FIX_CAPTURE_DRIVER"

    echo Fixing the Capture Driver...   | ts >> ./update.log
    ./capture-fix.sh -y                 | ts >> ./update.log
    # run the Poweroff at the end
else
    # Normal startup



    # Video loopback, so OBS doesn't ask for the password to do this itself

    modprobe v4l2loopback exclusive_caps=1 card_label='OBS Virtual Camera' video_nr=99



    # Update and shutdown when triggered

    until [[ -f "$FLAG_UPDATE" ]]
    do
        sleep 10
    done

    rm -f "$FLAG_UPDATE"



    echo                                    >> ./update.log
#     2>&1 ./update.sh -y -noloop  | ts       >> ./update.log
    2>&1 ./update.sh -y -noloop  | ts | tee -a ./update.log | grep linux-headers
    if $?   # last command in the chain, which is grep
    then
        echo                                                | ts >> ./update.log
        echo Reboot in 5s, to Fix the Capture Driver...     | ts >> ./update.log
        echo                                                | ts >> ./update.log
        touch "$FLAG_FIX_CAPTURE_DRIVER"
        sleep 5
        reboot                                              | ts >> ./update.log
        exit 0
    fi
fi

echo                                                        | ts >> ./update.log
echo Poweroff                                               | ts >> ./update.log
echo                                                        | ts >> ./update.log
poweroff                                                    | ts >> ./update.log

update.sh:

#!/bin/bash

# called from startup_root.sh
# or from update-and-shutdown.sh



echo
echo apt update
apt update          #|| exit 1



echo
echo apt full-upgrade $1
if ! apt full-upgrade $1
then
    case "$2" in

        "-loop")
        LOOP=YES
        ;;

        "-noloop")
        LOOP=NO
        ;;

        *)
        read -p "Keep trying? (Y/N): " LOOP
        ;;

    esac

    if [[ $LOOP == [yY] || $LOOP == [yY][eE][sS] ]]
    then
        until apt full-upgrade -y
        do
            sleep 1
        done
#    else
#        exit 2
    fi
fi



echo
echo apt autoremove $1
apt autoremove $1



echo
echo snap refresh
snap refresh        #|| exit 4



echo
echo Done!
exit 0

This time, the logfile update.log had this appended to it:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1V34fEd7WBMC1R1EKIAmniEBpnmBJ1Spz/view?usp=sharing

And on the next boot, it stopped with the purple "Kernel Panic" screen, and the message in the title of this question. Holding the power button for a BIOS force-off and then GRUB'ing to the previous kernel (6.14), booted just fine, so it was no trouble at all to get the info above after the fact.

The question now is, "How can I continue to update and shutdown unattended, and always have the next boot work?" Or at least, "How to always get to the graphical desktop as the first interaction, even if other things don't necessarily work?" Maybe an automatic rollback of a bad kernel, as detected from the logfile output, so that it doesn't try to run???

Can't install Wifi adapter Driver in Ubuntu https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563736/cant-install-wifi-adapter-driver-in-ubuntu

I am a new user to Ubuntu and yes, I have RTFI for days now and tried everything....

System is:

  • Ubuntu: 25.10
  • Gnome ver: 49
  • kernel version: linux 6.17.0-12 generic

I have an ASUS PCE-N53 PCIe wifi adapter. ( product: RT5592 PCIe Wireless Network Adapter). I found a linux driver on the ASUS website, downloaded it to USB flash drive, copied that to a folder on linux desktop.... Unpacked the file and opened a terminal window from the unpacked driver file...

ie: noyrt1@David2:~/driver file/DPO_GPL_RT5592STA_LinuxSTA_v2.6.0.0_20120326$

I have tried to run make, sudo make install and sudo apt install make all with no luck.... Reboot and updated Ubuntu.. then tried it all again. Don't know how to copy the driver files manually and where to put them?

The software and updates, 'additional drivers' folder is blank.. so I must use the terminal..
lspci shows the adapter at the bottom of the list...

noyrt1@David2:~$ lshw -C network

shows my wired connection working, but wireless shows 'unclaimed' and no driver listed in configuration.

WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.
  *-network                 
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: RTL8111/8168/8211/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller
       vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
       logical name: enp2s0
       version: 0c
       serial: a0:d3:c1:3e:7c:b4
       size: 1Gbit/s
       capacity: 1Gbit/s
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169 driverversion=6.17.0-12-generic duplex=full firmware=rtl8168g-2_0.0.1 02/06/13 ip=192.168.0.13 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
       resources: irq:18 ioport:e000(size=256) memory:f7d00000-f7d00fff memory:f0000000-f0003fff
  *-network UNCLAIMED
       description: Network controller
       product: RT5592 PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
       vendor: Ralink corp.
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
       version: 00
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f7c00000-f7c0ffff
WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.
noyrt1@David2:~$

So what do I do now?
I have internet from a 50' LAN cable run across the house. But I want my WiFi adapter to work. Any help is appreciated.

Where is php.ini-development and php.ini-production https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563735/where-is-php-ini-development-and-php-ini-production

I have found php.ini (/etc/php/8.5/apache2/php.ini) and am using php 8.5....did they do away with the sample php ini files?

Ubuntu/Kubuntu dual-boot - how to remove one? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563734/ubuntu-kubuntu-dual-boot-how-to-remove-one

I'm currently using Ubuntu, I wanted to try Kubuntu. I had problems with the Kubuntu live preview, so I installed it alongside Ubuntu on a new partition and booted into Kubuntu from GRUB. I've played around with it for while and have decided I prefer Ubuntu, because reasons, so I would like to uninstall Kubuntu (perhaps just delete the partition?), however I'm not sure how to remove Kubuntu from the GRUB bootloader options or remove GRUB entirely so I just boot straight into Ubuntu again?

I am running out of space of allocated 28GB SSD https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563733/i-am-running-out-of-space-of-allocated-28gb-ssd

I am running Ubuntu 24.04.3 LTS from a 250GB SSD with only 2.8GB free for /. I have home at 210GB on the same SSD leaving me 122GB free.

How to extend / or move trash to home please?

uninstall nautilus, and reinstall https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563705/uninstall-nautilus-and-reinstall

Using TERMINAL in Ubuntu 24.04.3lts Wayland - Linux 6.8.0-85-generic, how do I SUCCESSFULLY uninstall nautilus completely, and aferwhich, how do I reinstall it SUCCESSFULLY - dependencies and all...?

Currently, I can copy, edit, move, etc. files using terminal so drive itself and permissions seem no peoblem, edit using nano, etc., but nautilus seems to just want to crash (like it's corrupt) so want to reinstall, not repair, it.

from terminal:

Desktop$ nautilus
** Message: 19:33:27.602: Connecting to org.freedesktop.Tracker3.Miner.Files
Gsk-Message: 19:33:30.917: Failed to realize renderer of type 'GskNglRenderer' for surface 'GdkWaylandToplevel': OpenGL ES 3.0 is not supported by this renderer.

Gsk-Message: 19:34:24.833: Failed to realize renderer of type 'GskNglRenderer' for surface    'GdkWaylandPopup': OpenGL ES 3.0 is not supported by this renderer.

Gsk-Message: 19:34:46.395: Failed to realize renderer of type 'GskNglRenderer' for surface 'GdkWaylandPopup': OpenGL ES 3.0 is not supported by this renderer.

Shouldn't that be Gsk.NglRenderer, not GskNglRenderer?

OK, Daniel T, I ran dpkg -V, but no /bin lines at all:

/Desktop$ dpkg -V
?????????   /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-94-generic
missing     /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/20-org.d (Permission denied)
missing     /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/30-site.d (Permission denied)
missing     /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d (Permission denied)
missing     /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/90-mandatory.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/20-org.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/30-site.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/90-mandatory.d (Permission denied)
?????????   /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-85-generic
missing     /lib/modules/6.8.0-35-generic
?????????   /boot/kernel.efi-6.8.0-79-generic
??5?????? c /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic
??5?????? c /etc/UPower/UPower.conf
??5?????? c /etc/conky/conky.conf
??5?????? c /etc/mono/config
??5?????? c /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf
?????????   /usr/libexec/sssd/proxy_child
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/org.blueman.pkla (Permission denied)
?????????   /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-53-generic
?????????   /lib/netplan/00-network-manager-all.yaml
?????????   /boot/System.map-6.8.0-53-generic
??5?????? c /etc/fuse.conf
?????????   /boot/System.map-6.8.0-84-generic
missing   c /etc/grub.d/10_linux
?????????   /usr/libexec/sssd/selinux_child
??5?????? c /etc/tlp.conf
?????????   /usr/libexec/sssd/krb5_child
?????????   /usr/libexec/sssd/ldap_child
missing     /var/cache/cups/rss (Permission denied)
missing     /var/spool/cups/tmp (Permission denied)
??5?????? c /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades
?????????   /boot/System.map-6.8.0-85-generic
????????? c /etc/sudoers
????????? c /etc/sudoers.d/README
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/org.freedesktop.Flatpak.pkla (Permission denied)
?????????   /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-84-generic
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/gnome-initial-setup.pkla (Permission denied)
??5?????? c /etc/gdm3/custom.conf
??5?????? c /etc/sysctl.conf
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/org.freedesktop.packagekit.pkla (Permission denied)
?????????   /boot/vmlinuz-6.8.0-79-generic
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/com.ubuntu.desktop.pkla (Permission denied)
????????? c /etc/default/cacerts
?????????   /boot/System.map-6.8.0-79-generic
????????? c /etc/fwupd/fwupd.conf
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d (Permission denied)
missing     /var/lib/polkit-1/localauthority/10-vendor.d/fwupd.pkla (Permission denied)
?????????   /boot/System.map-6.8.0-50-generic
?????????   /boot/System.map-6.8.0-94-generic

In lieu of using termnal on the desktop, would using the RECOVERY tool from grub and dropping into root be better way to uninstall, then reboot and again to the tool to root, to reinstall nautilus?

Unable to copy more than 40 files / totalling 4 GB from a microSD card https://askubuntu.com/questions/1563698/unable-to-copy-more-than-40-files-totalling-4-gb-from-a-microsd-card

I'm running Ubuntu 25.10 on a notebook with 8 GB RAM and a 1TB flash drive. After I've been on a long trip, I like to keep the dash cam image files for a short while. To do this, I copy the files off the camera's microSD card onto my notebook. The SD drive is mounted via a USB adapter into a USB port. The latest batch consists of 531 files, totaling 52 GB.

Always, after the copy reaches about 40 files / 4 GB total, the SD drive goes offline, and the last file copied is always unreadable. I've tried copying from the standard file manager and from a shell using cp and get the same issue. I've also tried copying the files individually using a shell script, but this fails in the same way. To start the copy again, I need to take the SD card out and insert it again, and then I can continue.

Thinking this might be a Linux constraint, I tried the same thing on a Windows 10 machine, and this failed in much the same way, although it did copy a few more files before the failure.

The SD card seems fine, and I can eventually copy all the files after multiple copies.

Does anyone have any idea what the issue could be and if there is a way around it?

I've moved all the files from my computer onto a Samsung Portable SSD T7 device, then tried to copy them back again using the standard Ubuntu file manager, and this worked just fine, so I guess the issue must be related to using an SD card, but I can't understand what it can be.

The original copy used a Sandisk microSD card inserted into a Sandisk card reader, connected to a USB-B port on my computer. I've now tried using the same micro SD card inserted into a generic adapter with a USB-C connection type and find this gives a different result in that I can copy over twice as much each time, but the copy still fails in the same way.

Using the USB-C port, it takes me 5 copies to complete the task:

  1. 103 files totaling 10.4 GB
  2. 141 files totaling 13.4 GB
  3. 96 files totaling 8.4 GB
  4. 111 files totaling 11.3 GB
  5. the remaining 84 files totaling 8.2 GB and copying without an error.

I still need to eject and reinsert the device between each copy.

connection failed https://askubuntu.com/questions/1538326/connection-failed

in Ubuntu 22.04 internet worked regularly, but after the upgrade to Ubuntu 24.10 when I use internet, I repeatedly get the very annoying message system now - connection failed - network connection activation failed at irregular intervals, and despite this the internet works fine. If I give the command nmcli radio from the terminal WWAN-HW missing.

WWAN-HW missing

Ubuntu 24.04 LTS installation doesn't recognize wifi adapter after recognizing it during install https://askubuntu.com/questions/1522321/ubuntu-24-04-lts-installation-doesnt-recognize-wifi-adapter-after-recognizing-i

My 24.04 install is not recognizing the wifi adapter that came with my motherboard (Realtek 6 wifi/bluetooth rtw89_8851be). The confusing thing is that it recognized it during the install using the ISO usb drive, and it even worked on the first boot from drive. But hasn't since.

Since then I've tried installing the driver using Baeldung's instructions for installing a realtek driver using both lwfinger and kelebek333 PPAs, these (Network Driver for Realtek 10ec:b852) instructions b/c OP had a similar output to mine but was asked for a u/n and pw that I didn't have, and reinstalled Ubuntu which now never recognizes the wifi adapter. I've tried other instructions for 8852b drivers just substituting the correct driver name in place of 8852b (e.g., rtw89 or 8851be).

None of it has worked. Someone else suggested installing an Intel AX210NGWG chipset, but I don't know if that will fix the issue. They said it should work on both, but so should have Realtek. And I'd like not to spend anymore money on what's supposed to work according to other Ubuntu users. I'm trying here in case someone has run into this exact issue.

To provide context: I have Windows 11 and Ubuntu installed on separate internal SSDs Asus Z790-V AX motherboard Intel i9 12900k cpu Realtek 89-8851be wifi adapter

Grub dual boot results in Windows error code 0x000428 https://askubuntu.com/questions/1486599/grub-dual-boot-results-in-windows-error-code-0x000428

I am on Ubuntu 23.04. For some reason I am getting an error when trying to boot into Windows Boot Manager. The error code is 0x000428 Windows cannot verify digital signature. I know it is not an issue with the Windows bootloader because if it boots straight to the windows bootloader I don't get any errors and it boots right up. This only happens when I boot into grub and then select the Windows Boot Manager selection, so I can only assume this is an issue with grub. I don't know if maybe grub caches these values somewhere or if there is some kind of issue in a grub config somewhere. It was working fine and then it just wasn't. I'm not sure when it broke because I don't boot into Windows that often.

I first thought it was a Windows issue so I reinstalled Windows, but that didn't matter. I have tried using Boot-Repair to reinstall grub, but I had no luck. Does anyone know what the issue could be? If I can't figure it out my next move will be to just nuke everything and reinstall both Ubuntu and Windows, or I might try to upgrade to the upcoming 23.10.

devstack openstack Missing value auth-url required for auth plugin password https://askubuntu.com/questions/1429164/devstack-openstack-missing-value-auth-url-required-for-auth-plugin-password

I have set up devstack on ubuntu 22 LTS using the following commands

echo “customUser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" | sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/customUser

git clone https://opendev.org/openstack/devstack
cd devstack
./stack.sh
cd ~/devstack/
source openrc

Loaded admin-openrc.sh from the GUI

$ env | grep OS
OS_REGION_NAME=RegionOne
OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID=default
OS_INTERFACE=public
OS_CACERT=
OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.192.110/identity
OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID=default
LESSCLOSE=/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s
OS_USERNAME=admin
OS_VOLUME_API_VERSION=3
OS_PROJECT_ID=bf9b26de572e4d53abf649fd6dda2c43
OS_AUTH_TYPE=password
OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default
OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin
OS_PASSWORD=secret
OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3

When I run the following command i seem to get error

$ sudo openstack quota set --secgroups 20 admin
Missing value auth-url required for auth plugin password

enter image description here

Mounting ZFS Root Filesystem https://askubuntu.com/questions/1315945/mounting-zfs-root-filesystem

The memory of my Ubuntu desktop is pretty full, and I could not turn it on. So, I got in Ubuntu from a bootable Ubuntu USB stick, and tried to access files which I saved in the hard drive.

I basically followed the instructions in

https://www.svennd.be/mount-unknown-filesystem-type-zfs_member/

I did:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo zfs get all rpool |grep mountpoint
rpool  mountpoint            /mnt/mydisk            local

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo zfs mount rpool    
ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cd /mnt/my*
ubuntu@ubuntu:/mnt/mydisk$ ll
total 1
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  2 Sep 25 19:14 ./
drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 80 Feb 12 10:17 ../

Where could I find my files in the hard drive?

I have:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ zpool list
NAME         SIZE  ALLOC   FREE  CKPOINT  EXPANDSZ   FRAG    CAP  DEDUP    HEALTH  ALTROOT
rpool        944G   915G  29.5G        -         -    45%    96%  1.00x    ONLINE  -
temp_rpool  1.88G   872M  1.02G        -         -     2%    45%  1.00x    ONLINE  -

So, rpool should be the hard drive.

According to:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ df -h
Filesystem                   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev                          16G     0   16G   0% /dev
tmpfs                        3.2G  323M  2.9G  11% /run
/dev/sda1                    2.6G  2.6G     0 100% /cdrom
/dev/loop0                   2.0G  2.0G     0 100% /rofs
/cow                          16G  453M   16G   3% /
/dev/disk/by-label/writable   54G   70M   51G   1% /var/log
tmpfs                         16G   29M   16G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs                        5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs                         16G     0   16G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs                         16G  568K   16G   1% /tmp
tmpfs                        3.2G  128K  3.2G   1% /run/user/999
/dev/loop1                    30M   30M     0 100% /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop2                    55M   55M     0 100% /snap/core18/1880
/dev/loop3                   256M  256M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
/dev/loop4                    63M   63M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506
/dev/loop5                    50M   50M     0 100% /snap/snap-store/467
/dev/sdb1                    2.6G  2.6G     0 100% /media/ubuntu/Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS amd64
/dev/sdb3                     54G   78M   51G   1% /media/ubuntu/writable
temp_rpool                   920M  128K  920M   1% /mnt/datadisk
temp_rpool/vm_guests         920M  128K  920M   1% /mnt/datadisk/vm_guests
rpool                        128K  128K     0 100% /mnt/mydisk

the hard drive, rpool, should be seen in /mnt/mydisk​.

Any ideas regarding how I could access files in the hard drive, so that I could delete some of the files?

Thank you!!

I still get "Dummy output" for audio after installing alsa-base and pulseaudio https://askubuntu.com/questions/1169798/i-still-get-dummy-output-for-audio-after-installing-alsa-base-and-pulseaudio

I tried using my audio recently and I noticed that I couldn't any more, I've tried a few of the options I've seen but they do not seem to work:

  1. Dummy Output in Audio; nothing is working (ALSA broken?) This doesn't work, after i run sudo alsa force-reload I get: 
Unloading ALSA sound driver modules: (none loaded).
Loading ALSA sound driver modules: (none to reload).
  1. https://askubuntu.com/a/800280/990366 and this too, when i run:
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`

I get errors that a config is bad:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-image-`uname -r`
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/8,360 kB of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
(Reading database ... 182773 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic_5.0.0-25.26_amd64.deb ...
/etc/kernel/preinst.d/intel-microcode:
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
Unpacking linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic (5.0.0-25.26) over (5.0.0-25.26) ...
Setting up linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic (5.0.0-25.26) ...
I: /vmlinuz.old is now a symlink to boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-25-generic
I: /initrd.img.old is now a symlink to boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.0.0-25-generic (5.0.0-25.26) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
I: The initramfs will attempt to resume from /dev/sda8
I: (UUID=b69c28bb-170e-48a4-a279-f4449d689741)
I: Set the RESUME variable to override this.
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/zz-update-grub:
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub.d/init-select.cfg'
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-25-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-25-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-13-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-13-generic
Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda1@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
done

and sudo modprobe snd-hda-intel gave me:

libkmod: ERROR ../libkmod/libkmod-config.c:656 kmod_config_parse: /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf line 44: ignoring bad line starting with 'snd-hda-intel'
modprobe: FATAL: Module snd-hda-intel not found in directory /lib/modules/5.0.0-25-generic

I do not really know what these commands do, It's just been trial and error. This is happening on Ubuntu 19.04.

cat /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf gave me:

# autoloader aliases
install sound-slot-0 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-0
install sound-slot-1 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-1
install sound-slot-2 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-2
install sound-slot-3 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-3
install sound-slot-4 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-4
install sound-slot-5 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-5
install sound-slot-6 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-6
install sound-slot-7 /sbin/modprobe snd-card-7

# Cause optional modules to be loaded above generic modules
install snd /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-ioctl32 ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }
#
# Workaround at bug #499695 (reverted in Ubuntu see LP #319505)
install snd-pcm /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-pcm $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-pcm-oss ; : ; }
install snd-mixer /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-mixer $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-mixer-oss ; : ; }
install snd-seq /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-seq $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-oss ; : ; }
#
install snd-rawmidi /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-rawmidi $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq-midi ; : ; }
# Cause optional modules to be loaded above sound card driver modules
install snd-emu10k1 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-emu10k1 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-emu10k1-synth ; }
install snd-via82xx /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-via82xx $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist snd-seq ; }

# Load saa7134-alsa instead of saa7134 (which gets dragged in by it anyway)
install saa7134 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install saa7134 $CMDLINE_OPTS && { /sbin/modprobe --quiet --use-blacklist saa7134-alsa ; : ; }
# Prevent abnormal drivers from grabbing index 0
options bt87x index=-2
options cx88_alsa index=-2
options saa7134-alsa index=-2
options snd-atiixp-modem index=-2
options snd-intel8x0m index=-2
options snd-via82xx-modem index=-2
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
options snd-usb-caiaq index=-2
options snd-usb-ua101 index=-2
options snd-usb-us122l index=-2
options snd-usb-usx2y index=-2
# Ubuntu #62691, enable MPU for snd-cmipci
options snd-cmipci mpu_port=0x330 fm_port=0x388
# Keep snd-pcsp from being loaded as first soundcard
options snd-pcsp index=-2
# Keep snd-usb-audio from beeing loaded as first soundcard
options snd-usb-audio index=-2
snd-hda-intel probe_mask=1

pacmd list-cards gives me: 0 card(s) available.

I can't connect to VPN under Ubuntu, what is possible on Windows https://askubuntu.com/questions/991809/i-cant-connect-to-vpn-under-ubuntu-what-is-possible-on-windows

I was provided with an access to the VPN server. All I got were server's IP, username and password. Under Windows connecting to the server was easy - I just had to type the information I received.

Problems started when I wanted to connect to the server from Ubuntu (14.04). I tried with pptp using many manuals from the web but nothing worked. Then openvpn - it requested a certificate I didn't have.

I asked server's admin if he can give me a bit more information about configuration and he told me

The VPN is set on a Cisco 2911 router

I downloaded vpnc but it requires me to provide a group name and a group password but I don't have those. I'm in dark now.

Does someone know what should I do in order to connect to this server? Thanks in advance.

DKMS build failing without meaningful error https://askubuntu.com/questions/985965/dkms-build-failing-without-meaningful-error

I'm trying to enable a kernel module I've got from a device vendor to work with DKMS. I can successfully build the module and manually install and enable it. But when using DKMS a get an error that doesn't help me in any way:

$ sudo dkms build -m biokernbase -v 3.1.2.1

Kernel preparation unnecessary for this kernel.  Skipping...

Building module:
cleaning build area....
make KERNELRELEASE=3.13.0-123-generic all KVERSION=3.13.0-123-generic DKMS=y
....
.ko failed for: 3.13.0-123-generic (x86_64)
Consult the make.log in the build directory
/var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/ for more information.

make.log

DKMS make.log for biokernbase-3.1.2.1 for kernel 3.13.0-123-generic (x86_64)
Wed Dec 13 17:22:51 CET 2017
make -C /lib/modules/3.13.0-123-generic/build M=/var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build modules
make[1]: Entering directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-123-generic'
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/main.o
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/event.o
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/usbreader.o
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/memory.o
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/misc.o
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/isa.o
  LD [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/biokernbase.o
  Building modules, stage 2.
  MODPOST 1 modules
  CC      /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/biokernbase.mod.o
  LD [M]  /var/lib/dkms/biokernbase/3.1.2.1/build/biokernbase.ko
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-3.13.0-123-generic'

dkms.conf

PACKAGE_NAME="biokernbase"
PACKAGE_VERSION="3.1.2.1"
CLEAN="make clean DKMS=y"
MAKE[0]="make all KVERSION=$kernelver DKMS=y"
BUILT_MODULE_NAME[0]="biokernbase"
DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[0]="/kernel/drivers/misc"
AUTOINSTALL="yes"

Makefile

DRV_NAME := biokernbase
DRV_PATH := daqnavi
KVERSION := $(shell uname -r)
KDIR     := /lib/modules/$(KVERSION)/build
BASE_DIR := /usr/lib/daqnavi

obj-m := $(DRV_NAME).o
$(DRV_NAME)-objs := main.o event.o usbreader.o memory.o misc.o isa.o

EXTRA_CFLAGS += -I$(BASE_DIR)/include -I$(BASE_DIR)/include/hw -I$(BASE_DIR)/include/linux
SYMBOL_PATH = $(BASE_DIR)/modules

all:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

clean:
    $(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean
    rm -f *.o *~ .depend .*.cmd *.ko *.mod.c .tmp_versions modules.order Module.symvers

Update 1: kernel compatibility

I'm currently on Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS with kernel 3.13.0-123-generic.

The vendor's documentation states compatibility with Ubuntu 12.04/14.04/15.10, kernel version 3.2/3.13/4.2.

When I manually copy the biokernbase.ko built by dkms to /lib/modules/3.13.0-123-generic/kernel/drivers/misc/, the kernel module seems to be loaded successfully:

$ sudo modprobe biokernbase; echo $?
0

Any ideas or hints are highly appreciated.

systemd-analyse blame: what is dev-sda1.device? https://askubuntu.com/questions/905735/systemd-analyse-blame-what-is-dev-sda1-device

When I run systemd-analyse blame, this is the output:

          11.365s dev-sda1.device
          7.844s systemd-udevd.service
          3.603s NetworkManager.service
          2.808s keyboard-setup.service
          2.466s ModemManager.service
          2.406s accounts-daemon.service
          1.758s grub-common.service
          1.730s thermald.service
          1.469s irqbalance.service
           847ms gpu-manager.service
           813ms console-setup.service
           773ms apport.service
           702ms systemd-modules-load.service
           697ms resolvconf.service
           693ms dev-hugepages.mount
           692ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
           690ms apparmor.service
           671ms dev-mqueue.mount
           596ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
           594ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
           500ms systemd-journald.service
           452ms rsyslog.service
           438ms upower.service
           399ms polkitd.service
           358ms networking.service
           355ms ufw.service
           338ms avahi-daemon.service
           251ms packagekit.service
           249ms dev-disk-by\x2duuid-0830d07e\x2da7a6\x2d410b\x2da495\x2d625777b6a36e.swap
           245ms systemd-rfkill.service
           195ms systemd-logind.service
           194ms wpa_supplicant.service
           176ms kmod-static-nodes.service
           163ms udisks2.service
           162ms ondemand.service
           142ms systemd-timesyncd.service
           119ms plymouth-read-write.service
           102ms alsa-restore.service
           100ms user@1000.service
            96ms user@118.service
            96ms plymouth-start.service
            87ms pppd-dns.service
            86ms systemd-journal-flush.service
            84ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
            76ms systemd-update-utmp.service
            75ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
            57ms snapd.autoimport.service
            56ms systemd-sysctl.service
            54ms systemd-user-sessions.service
            49ms plymouth-quit.service
            42ms snapd.socket
            40ms setvtrgb.service
            32ms systemd-remount-fs.service
            17ms rtkit-daemon.service
            16ms systemd-backlight@backlight:radeon_bl0.service
            13ms systemd-update-utmp-runlevel.service
            12ms ureadahead-stop.service
            11ms systemd-random-seed.service
             8ms sddm.service
             7ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
             4ms rc-local.service
lines 35-61/61 (END)

What is dev-sda1.device? What is its importance? If I disable it what will happen?

When I log in into my Kubuntu the splash screen (Breeze) displays for a long time

enter image description here

Keyserver timeout when trying to add key https://askubuntu.com/questions/880571/keyserver-timeout-when-trying-to-add-key

Here is what I'm getting:

marco@marco-VirtualBox:~$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://ha.pool.sks-
keyservers.net --recv-key 421C365BD9FF1F717815A3895523BAEEB01FA116
Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --
homedir /tmp/tmp.CPcLK5j7k0 --no-auto-check-trustdb --trust-model always --
keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg -
keyserver hkp://ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-key 
421C365BD9FF1F717815A3895523BAEEB01FA116
gpg: requesting key B01FA116 from hkp server ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net
gpg: keyserver timed out
gpg: keyserver receive failed: keyserver error

And here's what I have tried:

-forcing through :80 port in case firewall was blocking the default one.
     >>> did not work

-iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -d 0/0 -s 0/0 --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
-iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -d 0/0 -s 0/0 --dport 11371 -j ACCEPT
     >>> did not work

- sudo ufw disable (disable firewall)
     >>> did not work

The only thing that I can think of at this point is something I read on another post where someone suggested accessing the server manually and copying the key contents into a textfile and adding it authenticate in on my system. But I do not know how to access the server directly.

Appreciate any help!

Can't access Windows 10 after installing Ubuntu 16.04 https://askubuntu.com/questions/809016/cant-access-windows-10-after-installing-ubuntu-16-04

I installed Ubuntu 16.04 alongside Windows 10. Now I'm unable to boot into Windows 10. How can I get the dual boot working, and get Windows 10 back?

When I turn on the system I get the following options:

  • Ubuntu
  • Advanced options for Ubuntu
  • Windows UEFI bootmgfw.efi
  • Window Boot UEFI loader
  • EFI/Ubuntu/fwupx64.efi
  • efi/ubuntumokmanager.efi
  • efi/toshiba/boot/bootmgfw.efi
  • Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda2)
  • System setup

Selecting any Windows option gives an error. Given below is the error that I got when I selected the Window Boot UEFI loader option

/EndEntire file path: /ACPI(a0341do,0) /PCI(2,1f)/Sata(0,0,0)/HD(2,200800,820000,60466f299ba3e211,2,2)/File(\EFI\Boot)/File(bk.pbootx64.efi)/EndEntire
error:  cannot load image 
Press any key to continue....

Boot info from Boot-Repair:

Partial Boot Info Summary:

============================= Boot Info Summary: ===============================

 => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda.
 => Syslinux MBR (5.00 and higher) is installed in the MBR of /dev/sdb.

sda1: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        /boot/bcd

sda2: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       vfat
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: FAT32
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        /EFI/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi /EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi 
                       /EFI/ubuntu/MokManager.efi /EFI/ubuntu/fwupx64.efi 
                       /EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi /EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi 
                       /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi 
                       /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi 
                       /EFI/Microsoft/Boot/memtest.efi 
                       /EFI/toshiba/Boot/bootmgfw.efi 
                       /EFI/toshiba/Boot/bootmgr.efi 
                       /EFI/toshiba/Boot/memtest.efi

sda3: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        

sda4: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        /bootmgr /Windows/System32/winload.exe

sda5: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        

sda6: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        

sda7: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ntfs
    Boot sector type:  Windows 8/2012: NTFS
    Boot sector info:  No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        

sda8: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       ext4
    Boot sector type:  -
    Boot sector info: 
    Operating System:  Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
    Boot files:        /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab

sda9: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       swap
    Boot sector type:  -
    Boot sector info: 

sdb1: __________________________________________________________________________

    File system:       vfat
    Boot sector type:  SYSLINUX 6.03
    Boot sector info:  Syslinux looks at sector 30362 of /dev/sdb1 for its 
                       second stage. The integrity check of Syslinux failed. 
                       No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block.
    Operating System:  
    Boot files:        /boot/grub/grub.cfg /syslinux.cfg /casper/vmlinuz.efi 
                       /EFI/BOOT/grubx64.efi /ldlinux.sys

============================ Drive/Partition Info: =============================

Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________
Disk /dev/sda: 698.7 GiB, 750156374016 bytes, 1465149168 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt

Partition  Boot  Start Sector    End Sector  # of Sectors  Id System

/dev/sda1                   1 1,465,149,167 1,465,149,167  ee GPT


GUID Partition Table detected.

Partition  Attrs   Start Sector    End Sector  # of Sectors System
/dev/sda1      R          2,048     2,099,199     2,097,152 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows)
/dev/sda2             2,099,200     2,631,679       532,480 EFI System partition
/dev/sda3             2,631,680     2,893,823       262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows)
/dev/sda4             2,893,824   532,007,078   529,113,255 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda5      R    727,412,736   729,171,967     1,759,232 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows)
/dev/sda6           729,171,968 1,442,658,303   713,486,336 Data partition (Windows/Linux)
/dev/sda7      R  1,442,660,352 1,465,147,391    22,487,040 Windows Recovery Environment (Windows)
/dev/sda8           532,008,960   715,077,631   183,068,672 Data partition (Linux)
/dev/sda9           715,077,632   727,412,735    12,335,104 Swap partition (Linux)

    =================== Recommended repair
    The default repair of the Boot-Repair utility will reinstall the grub-efi-amd64-signed of sda8, using the following options:        sda2/boot/efi,
    Additional repair will be performed: unhide-bootmenu-10s   fix-windows-boot use-standard-efi-file


    /boot/efi added in sda8/fstab
    Quantity of real Windows: 1
    Mount sda2 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi
    ls sda2/efi: /toshiba/Boot/zh-TW /toshiba/Boot/zh-HK /toshiba/Boot/zh-CN /toshiba/Boot/uk-UA /toshiba/Boot/tr-TR /toshiba/Boot/sv-SE /toshiba/Boot/sr-Latn-CS /toshiba/Boot/sl-SI /toshiba/Boot/sk-SK /toshiba/Boot/ru-RU /toshiba/Boot/ro-RO /toshiba/Boot/Resources /toshiba/Boot/qps-ploc /toshiba/Boot/pt-PT /toshiba/Boot/pt-BR /toshiba/Boot/pl-PL /toshiba/Boot/nl-NL /toshiba/Boot/nb-NO /toshiba/Boot/memtest.efi /toshiba/Boot/lv-LV /toshiba/Boot/lt-LT /toshiba/Boot/ko-KR /toshiba/Boot/ja-JP /toshiba/Boot/it-IT /toshiba/Boot/hu-HU /toshiba/Boot/hr-HR /toshiba/Boot/fr-FR /toshiba/Boot/Fonts /toshiba/Boot/fi-FI /toshiba/Boot/et-EE /toshiba/Boot/es-ES /toshiba/Boot/en-US /toshiba/Boot/en-GB /toshiba/Boot/el-GR /toshiba/Boot/de-DE /toshiba/Boot/da-DK /toshiba/Boot/cs-CZ /toshiba/Boot/boot.stl /toshiba/Boot/BOOTSTAT.DAT /toshiba/Boot/bootmgr.efi /toshiba/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /toshiba/Boot/bg-BG /toshiba/Boot/bcd.LOG /toshiba/Boot/bcd /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG2 /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG1 /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD /Microsoft/Boot/zh-TW /Microsoft/Boot/zh-HK /Microsoft/Boot/zh-CN /Microsoft/Boot/uk-UA /Microsoft/Boot/tr-TR /Microsoft/Boot/sv-SE /Microsoft/Boot/sr-Latn-RS /Microsoft/Boot/sr-Latn-CS /Microsoft/Boot/sl-SI /Microsoft/Boot/sk-SK /Microsoft/Boot/ru-RU /Microsoft/Boot/ro-RO /Microsoft/Boot/Resources /Microsoft/Boot/qps-ploc /Microsoft/Boot/pt-PT /Microsoft/Boot/pt-BR /Microsoft/Boot/pl-PL /Microsoft/Boot/nl-NL /Microsoft/Boot/nb-NO /Microsoft/Boot/memtest.efi /Microsoft/Boot/lv-LV /Microsoft/Boot/lt-LT /Microsoft/Boot/ko-KR /Microsoft/Boot/kdstub.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_0C_8086.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_07_1415.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_8086.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_19a2.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_1969.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_15b3.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_14e4.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_1137.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_10ec.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_10df.dll /Microsoft/Boot/ja-JP /Microsoft/Boot/it-IT /Microsoft/Boot/hu-HU /Microsoft/Boot/hr-HR /Microsoft/Boot/fr-FR /Microsoft/Boot/fr-CA /Microsoft/Boot/Fonts /Microsoft/Boot/fi-FI /Microsoft/Boot/et-EE /Microsoft/Boot/es-MX /Microsoft/Boot/es-ES /Microsoft/Boot/en-US /Microsoft/Boot/en-GB /Microsoft/Boot/el-GR /Microsoft/Boot/de-DE /Microsoft/Boot/da-DK /Microsoft/Boot/cs-CZ /Microsoft/Boot/boot.stl /Microsoft/Boot/BOOTSTAT.DAT /Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi /Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /Microsoft/Boot/bg-BG /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG2 /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG1 /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TMContainer00000000000000000002.regtrans-ms /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TMContainer00000000000000000001.regtrans-ms /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TM.blf /Microsoft/Boot/BCD /ubuntu/shimx64.efi /ubuntu/MokManager.efi /ubuntu/grubx64.efi /ubuntu/grub.cfg /ubuntu/fwupx64.efi /ubuntu/fw /toshiba/Boot /Microsoft/Recovery /Microsoft/Boot /Boot/bootx64.efi
    ls sda2: boot-sav
    BOOTSECT.BAK
    EFI  . Please report this message to boot.repair@gmail.com

    *******lspci -nnk | grep -iA3 vga
    00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller [8086:0166] (rev 09)
    Subsystem: Toshiba America Info Systems 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller [1179:fa20]
    Kernel driver in use: i915
    Kernel modules: i915
    *******

    grub-install --version
    grub-install (GRUB) 2.02~beta2-36ubuntu3.2,grub-install (GRUB) 2.

    chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda8 efibootmgr -v
    BootCurrent: 0000
    Timeout: 2 seconds
    BootOrder: 2001,0004,0003,0005,2003,2002
    Boot0000* EFI USB Device (USB DISK 3.0) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1d,0x0)/USB(0,0)/USB(2,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x93,0x800,0x75ff800)RC
    Boot0001* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
    Boot0002* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0,0)RC
    Boot0003* Windows Boot Manager  HD(2,GPT,296f4660-a39b-11e2-a1a5-d6452f6c7727,0x200800,0x82000)/File(EFIMicrosoftBootbootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...s................
    Boot0004* ubuntu    HD(2,GPT,296f4660-a39b-11e2-a1a5-d6452f6c7727,0x200800,0x82000)/File(EFIubuntushimx64.efi)
    Boot0005* Ubuntu    HD(2,GPT,296f4660-a39b-11e2-a1a5-d6452f6c7727,0x200800,0x82000)/File(EFIubuntugrubx64.efi)RC
    Boot0006* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
    Boot0007* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0,0)RC
    Boot2001* EFI USB Device    RC
    Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
    Boot2003* EFI Network   RC

    chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda8 uname -r
    Kernel: 4.4.0-31-generic

    Reinstall the grub-efi-amd64-signed of sda8
    Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
    Installation finished. No error reported.
    grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --target=x86_64-efi --uefi-secure-boot : exit code of grub-install :0
    ls sda2/efi: /toshiba/Boot/zh-TW /toshiba/Boot/zh-HK /toshiba/Boot/zh-CN /toshiba/Boot/uk-UA /toshiba/Boot/tr-TR /toshiba/Boot/sv-SE /toshiba/Boot/sr-Latn-CS /toshiba/Boot/sl-SI /toshiba/Boot/sk-SK /toshiba/Boot/ru-RU /toshiba/Boot/ro-RO /toshiba/Boot/Resources /toshiba/Boot/qps-ploc /toshiba/Boot/pt-PT /toshiba/Boot/pt-BR /toshiba/Boot/pl-PL /toshiba/Boot/nl-NL /toshiba/Boot/nb-NO /toshiba/Boot/memtest.efi /toshiba/Boot/lv-LV /toshiba/Boot/lt-LT /toshiba/Boot/ko-KR /toshiba/Boot/ja-JP /toshiba/Boot/it-IT /toshiba/Boot/hu-HU /toshiba/Boot/hr-HR /toshiba/Boot/fr-FR /toshiba/Boot/Fonts /toshiba/Boot/fi-FI /toshiba/Boot/et-EE /toshiba/Boot/es-ES /toshiba/Boot/en-US /toshiba/Boot/en-GB /toshiba/Boot/el-GR /toshiba/Boot/de-DE /toshiba/Boot/da-DK /toshiba/Boot/cs-CZ /toshiba/Boot/boot.stl /toshiba/Boot/BOOTSTAT.DAT /toshiba/Boot/bootmgr.efi /toshiba/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /toshiba/Boot/bg-BG /toshiba/Boot/bcd.LOG /toshiba/Boot/bcd /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG2 /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG1 /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD /Microsoft/Boot/zh-TW /Microsoft/Boot/zh-HK /Microsoft/Boot/zh-CN /Microsoft/Boot/uk-UA /Microsoft/Boot/tr-TR /Microsoft/Boot/sv-SE /Microsoft/Boot/sr-Latn-RS /Microsoft/Boot/sr-Latn-CS /Microsoft/Boot/sl-SI /Microsoft/Boot/sk-SK /Microsoft/Boot/ru-RU /Microsoft/Boot/ro-RO /Microsoft/Boot/Resources /Microsoft/Boot/qps-ploc /Microsoft/Boot/pt-PT /Microsoft/Boot/pt-BR /Microsoft/Boot/pl-PL /Microsoft/Boot/nl-NL /Microsoft/Boot/nb-NO /Microsoft/Boot/memtest.efi /Microsoft/Boot/lv-LV /Microsoft/Boot/lt-LT /Microsoft/Boot/ko-KR /Microsoft/Boot/kdstub.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_0C_8086.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_07_1415.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_8086.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_19a2.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_1969.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_15b3.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_14e4.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_1137.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_10ec.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_10df.dll /Microsoft/Boot/ja-JP /Microsoft/Boot/it-IT /Microsoft/Boot/hu-HU /Microsoft/Boot/hr-HR /Microsoft/Boot/fr-FR /Microsoft/Boot/fr-CA /Microsoft/Boot/Fonts /Microsoft/Boot/fi-FI /Microsoft/Boot/et-EE /Microsoft/Boot/es-MX /Microsoft/Boot/es-ES /Microsoft/Boot/en-US /Microsoft/Boot/en-GB /Microsoft/Boot/el-GR /Microsoft/Boot/de-DE /Microsoft/Boot/da-DK /Microsoft/Boot/cs-CZ /Microsoft/Boot/boot.stl /Microsoft/Boot/BOOTSTAT.DAT /Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi /Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /Microsoft/Boot/bg-BG /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG2 /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG1 /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TMContainer00000000000000000002.regtrans-ms /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TMContainer00000000000000000001.regtrans-ms /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TM.blf /Microsoft/Boot/BCD /ubuntu/shimx64.efi /ubuntu/MokManager.efi /ubuntu/grubx64.efi /ubuntu/grub.cfg /ubuntu/fwupx64.efi /ubuntu/fw /toshiba/Boot /Microsoft/Recovery /Microsoft/Boot /Boot/bootx64.efi
    ls sda2: boot-sav
    BOOTSECT.BAK
    EFI  . Please report this message to boot.repair@gmail.com
    df /dev/sda2
    Save and rename /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi (/mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi)
    cp /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/shimx64.efi /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/bootx64.efi
    ls sda2/efi: /toshiba/Boot/zh-TW /toshiba/Boot/zh-HK /toshiba/Boot/zh-CN /toshiba/Boot/uk-UA /toshiba/Boot/tr-TR /toshiba/Boot/sv-SE /toshiba/Boot/sr-Latn-CS /toshiba/Boot/sl-SI /toshiba/Boot/sk-SK /toshiba/Boot/ru-RU /toshiba/Boot/ro-RO /toshiba/Boot/Resources /toshiba/Boot/qps-ploc /toshiba/Boot/pt-PT /toshiba/Boot/pt-BR /toshiba/Boot/pl-PL /toshiba/Boot/nl-NL /toshiba/Boot/nb-NO /toshiba/Boot/memtest.efi /toshiba/Boot/lv-LV /toshiba/Boot/lt-LT /toshiba/Boot/ko-KR /toshiba/Boot/ja-JP /toshiba/Boot/it-IT /toshiba/Boot/hu-HU /toshiba/Boot/hr-HR /toshiba/Boot/fr-FR /toshiba/Boot/Fonts /toshiba/Boot/fi-FI /toshiba/Boot/et-EE /toshiba/Boot/es-ES /toshiba/Boot/en-US /toshiba/Boot/en-GB /toshiba/Boot/el-GR /toshiba/Boot/de-DE /toshiba/Boot/da-DK /toshiba/Boot/cs-CZ /toshiba/Boot/boot.stl /toshiba/Boot/BOOTSTAT.DAT /toshiba/Boot/bootmgr.efi /toshiba/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /toshiba/Boot/bg-BG /toshiba/Boot/bcd.LOG /toshiba/Boot/bcd /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG2 /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG1 /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD.LOG /Microsoft/Recovery/BCD /Microsoft/Boot/zh-TW /Microsoft/Boot/zh-HK /Microsoft/Boot/zh-CN /Microsoft/Boot/uk-UA /Microsoft/Boot/tr-TR /Microsoft/Boot/sv-SE /Microsoft/Boot/sr-Latn-RS /Microsoft/Boot/sr-Latn-CS /Microsoft/Boot/sl-SI /Microsoft/Boot/sk-SK /Microsoft/Boot/ru-RU /Microsoft/Boot/ro-RO /Microsoft/Boot/Resources /Microsoft/Boot/qps-ploc /Microsoft/Boot/pt-PT /Microsoft/Boot/pt-BR /Microsoft/Boot/pl-PL /Microsoft/Boot/nl-NL /Microsoft/Boot/nb-NO /Microsoft/Boot/memtest.efi /Microsoft/Boot/lv-LV /Microsoft/Boot/lt-LT /Microsoft/Boot/ko-KR /Microsoft/Boot/kdstub.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_0C_8086.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_07_1415.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_8086.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_19a2.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_1969.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_15b3.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_14e4.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_1137.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_10ec.dll /Microsoft/Boot/kd_02_10df.dll /Microsoft/Boot/ja-JP /Microsoft/Boot/it-IT /Microsoft/Boot/hu-HU /Microsoft/Boot/hr-HR /Microsoft/Boot/fr-FR /Microsoft/Boot/fr-CA /Microsoft/Boot/Fonts /Microsoft/Boot/fi-FI /Microsoft/Boot/et-EE /Microsoft/Boot/es-MX /Microsoft/Boot/es-ES /Microsoft/Boot/en-US /Microsoft/Boot/en-GB /Microsoft/Boot/el-GR /Microsoft/Boot/de-DE /Microsoft/Boot/da-DK /Microsoft/Boot/cs-CZ /Microsoft/Boot/boot.stl /Microsoft/Boot/BOOTSTAT.DAT /Microsoft/Boot/bootmgr.efi /Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi /Microsoft/Boot/bg-BG /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG2 /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG1 /Microsoft/Boot/BCD.LOG /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TMContainer00000000000000000002.regtrans-ms /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TMContainer00000000000000000001.regtrans-ms /Microsoft/Boot/BCD{3f8eb3f6-3f05-11e3-beb1-008cfa4bd064}.TM.blf /Microsoft/Boot/BCD /ubuntu/shimx64.efi /ubuntu/MokManager.efi /ubuntu/grubx64.efi /ubuntu/grub.cfg /ubuntu/fwupx64.efi /ubuntu/fw /toshiba/Boot /Microsoft/Recovery /Microsoft/Boot /Boot/bootx64.efi /Boot/bkpbootx64.efi
    ls sda2: boot-sav
    BOOTSECT.BAK
    EFI  . Please report this message to boot.repair@gmail.com
    Add /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi efi entries in /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/etc/grub.d/25_custom
    Adding custom /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
    Adding custom /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/bkpbootx64.efi
    sda2/bkpbootx64.efi already added
    Adding custom /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/fwupx64.efi
    Adding custom /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/ubuntu/MokManager.efi
    sda2/bootmgfw.efi already added
    Adding custom /mnt/boot-sav/sda8/boot/efi/EFI/toshiba/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
    Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
    Installation finished. No error reported.
    grub-install --efi-directory=/boot/efi --target=x86_64-efi --uefi-secure-boot : exit code of grub-install :0

    chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda8 efibootmgr -v
    BootCurrent: 0000
    Timeout: 2 seconds
    BootOrder: 0004,2001,0003,2003,2002
    Boot0000* EFI USB Device (USB DISK 3.0) PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1d,0x0)/USB(0,0)/USB(2,0)/HD(1,MBR,0x93,0x800,0x75ff800)RC
    Boot0001* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
    Boot0002* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0,0)RC
    Boot0003* Windows Boot Manager  HD(2,GPT,296f4660-a39b-11e2-a1a5-d6452f6c7727,0x200800,0x82000)/File(EFIMicrosoftBootbootmgfw.efi)WINDOWS.........x...B.C.D.O.B.J.E.C.T.=.{.9.d.e.a.8.6.2.c.-.5.c.d.d.-.4.e.7.0.-.a.c.c.1.-.f.3.2.b.3.4.4.d.4.7.9.5.}...s................
    Boot0004* ubuntu    HD(2,GPT,296f4660-a39b-11e2-a1a5-d6452f6c7727,0x200800,0x82000)/File(EFIubuntushimx64.efi)
    Boot0006* EFI Network 0 for IPv6 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv6([::]:<->[::]:,0,0)RC
    Boot0007* EFI Network 0 for IPv4 (00-8C-FA-4B-D0-64)    PciRoot(0x0)/Pci(0x1c,0x0)/Pci(0x0,0x0)/MAC(008cfa4bd064,0)/IPv4(0.0.0.0:0<->0.0.0.0:0,0,0)RC
    Boot2001* EFI USB Device    RC
    Boot2002* EFI DVD/CDROM RC
    Boot2003* EFI Network   RC

    chroot /mnt/boot-sav/sda8 update-grub
    Generating grub configuration file ...
    Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-31-generic
    Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-31-generic
    Found Windows Boot Manager on /dev/sda2@/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
    Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
    Unhide GRUB boot menu in sda8/boot/grub/grub.cfg

    Boot successfully repaired.

    You can now reboot your computer.

    If your computer reboots directly into Windows, try to change the boot order in your BIOS.
    If your BIOS does not allow to change the boot order, change the default boot entry of the Windows bootloader.
    For example you can boot into Windows, then type the following command in an admin command prompt:
    bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi
How can I make GRUB boot by default instead of Windows Boot Manager? https://askubuntu.com/questions/788941/how-can-i-make-grub-boot-by-default-instead-of-windows-boot-manager

I'm dual booting with Windows 10, and it sets WBM ("OS Boot Manager" in the menu.) above grub. I want to have it boot grub.

HP Sleekbook Pavilion.

I have UEFI mode on both OSs.

Cannot connect to any networks after spoofing MAC address https://askubuntu.com/questions/639639/cannot-connect-to-any-networks-after-spoofing-mac-address

So I want to spoof my MAC address. However when I do so I am unable to connect to any networks. After changing it back to the physical MAC address of the network card, it works just fine.

It worked on Windows, so it can't be a problem with my router.

Please do not ask me why I want to spoof it, that won't help anyone.

Running Ubuntu MATE 15.04 connecting through WLAN.

How do I get support for a DELL Ubuntu laptop? https://askubuntu.com/questions/595686/how-do-i-get-support-for-a-dell-ubuntu-laptop

Hopefully this experience will improve with DELL. I have a DELL M3800 Precision Workstation Laptop factory installed with Ubuntu.

When calling into DELL technical support (1-800-999-3355), when I tell them I need assistance with the DELL factory installed applications on my factory Ubuntu Linux laptop (basically any software problem) I get interesting answers like...

  • We only support Windows
  • You need to contact Canonical
  • Call this number 1-866-982-8688 (which will not help)

How can I get technical support (which I paid for!) for my DELL Ubuntu laptop?

I am answering my own question below after a frustrating experience that took hours...

Dual boot Windows 7 UEFI RAID with Ubuntu 14.04 grub2 problem https://askubuntu.com/questions/486250/dual-boot-windows-7-uefi-raid-with-ubuntu-14-04-grub2-problem

I used the Intel RAID 0 to RAID SSD #1 and #2 on RAID 0 for video editing work, and everything was good. I installed Windows 7 64-bit on an Asus x79 deluxe motherboard on these RAID 0 two SSDs using UEFI+gpt, and all went good.

I then installed 64-bit Ubuntu 14.04 on a third non-RAID SSD # 3 with manual partitioning and I got gpt and UEFI on that and everything is almost all good. I can browse and see the Windows RAID Windows partition, but grub2 does not see list Windows UEFI.

In UEFI BIOS I can select UEFI Windows Boot Manager or UEFI Ubuntu boot manager and each will boot respectively from their own boot manager, however I want to add the UEFI Windows Boot Manager to grub2 so I can select the OS from grub2 and not have to go into the BIOS to choose an OS.

How can I do this? I tried Boot-Repair, but it seems to screw things up to the point of reinstalling the OS. I wonder if there's a way to manually add the Windows bootloader to grub2 and daisy chain UEFI Windows Boot Manager?

Samba file share permissions issue https://askubuntu.com/questions/403252/samba-file-share-permissions-issue

I have a quick question in regards to Samba share. I have recently built an Ubuntu server and moved all my previous Windows NTFS HDD into the server. My goal is to share all 4 HDD to utilize on my other Windows machines and to share through Plex media server. I have shared the HDD through Ubuntu but I can't change permissions and even when trying to manually configure through smb.conf I can't get the permissions to successfully change. I have attached what I have configured in the smb.conf. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Here is the rest of the smb.conf for reference.

[global]

   workgroup = WORKGROUP
   server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
   wins support = yes
   dns proxy = no



   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
   max log size = 1000

   syslog = 0
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######


  security = user
  encrypt passwords = true
  passdb backend = tdbsam
  obey pam restrictions = yes
  unix password sync = yes


  passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
  passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n     *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

  pam password change = yes

  map to guest = bad user


#======================= Share Definitions =======================

  realm = localdomain
  server role = domain controller
  server services = +smb -s3fs
  dcerpc endpoint servers = -winreg -srvsvc
[printers]
  comment = All Printers
  browseable = no
  path = /var/spool/samba
  printable = yes
  guest ok = no
  read only = yes
  create mask = 0700


[print$]
  comment = Printer Drivers
  path = /var/lib/samba/printers
  browseable = yes
  read only = yes
  guest ok = no


# Ross's Shares
[share]
    comment = home
    path = /home/roce/Downloads
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    read only = no
    create mask = 0777

[share]
    comment = SDB - Data
    path = /home/roce/Data
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    read only = no
    create mask = 0777

[share]
    comment = SDC - Movies
    path = /home/roce/Movies
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    read only = no
    create mask = 0777

[share]
    comment = SDD - TV Shows
    path = /home/roce/TV Shows
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    read only = no
    create mask = 0777

[share]
    comment = SDE
    path = /home/roce/Data
    browsable = yes
    guest ok = yes
    read only = no
    create mask = 0777

[sysvol]
  path = /var/lib/samba/sysvol
  read only = no

[netlogon]
  path = /var/lib/samba/sysvol/localdomain/scripts
  read only = no
Ubuntu 12.04.2 Dual boot UEFI Windows 8 Preinstalled CX21903W Ultrabook [duplicate] https://askubuntu.com/questions/327897/ubuntu-12-04-2-dual-boot-uefi-windows-8-preinstalled-cx21903w-ultrabook

I have a problem when trying to install Ubuntu. The machine is a CX Ultrabook model CX.21903W Intel I5 with 500GB hard disk, 8 GB RAM and 32 GB SSD.

From How do I install Ubuntu alongside a pre-installed Windows with UEFI?, and according to the steps guide:

  1. We create a partition from Windows 8 (70 GB) using the Windows 8 program.

  2. Confirm-SecureBootUEFI=True.

  3. From Windows 8, shift + Restart and from the special menu we selected the UEFI Firmware Setting.

  4. From BIOS Option:

  • Option 1) Disable Secure Boot.

  • Option 2) Disable UEFI (Not Available)

  • from Option 1: Three ways are available.

  • With Secure Boot enabled -> We can't even boot Ubuntu. A red window saying Soft unproper signed.

    With Secure Boot disabled -> and this config in boot device order:

1 - UEFI: USB
2 - Windows Boot Manager
3 - Others

  • with CSM (Compatibility Support Module): enable -> GRUB appears and selecting try Ubuntu then a black window appears and nothing happens. The same result occurs if Install Ubuntu is selected.

  • With Secure Boot disabled -> and this config in boot device order:

1 - USB (No UEFI)
2 - Windows Boot Manager
3 - Others

  • with CSM (Compatibility Support Module): enable -> GRUB appears and selecting try Ubuntu, -> Ubuntu boots and we can even install it.
  1. Rebooting and just changing the boot order as

1 - Ubuntu []
2 - Windows Boot Manager
3 - Others

then nothings happens.

  1. Booting from live USB again and, as per instructed, making Boot-Repair (A warning window: Ubuntu is working in legacy mode.).

  2. Saving changes and rebooting, Grub works but selecting Ubuntu, a black window appears and nothing happens. Selecting Windows 8, Windows 8 boots and works.

Up until now we are unable to install Ubuntu.

Installation of wifi drivers https://askubuntu.com/questions/300225/installation-of-wifi-drivers

I use a toshiba satellite L755. how do I download and install wifi drivers. PLease I am new to ubuntu. Thanks